(RHEL)Linux下的oracle(11g R2)安装过程

Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6.2操作系统下，安装Oracle database 11g R2。（全过程，亲历安装）

1.检查硬件要求，内存，交换区，临时文件，磁盘空间的使用情况。
   查看计算机内存：
   [root@localhost ~]# grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo
   MemTotal: 1030888 kB
   交换分区(为计算机内存大小的两倍)
   [root@localhost ~]# grep SwapTotal /proc/meminfo
   SwapTotal: 2064376 kB
   临时文件：
   [root@localhost ~]# df -hk /tmp
   Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
   /dev/sda2 18306828 2165332 15211552 13% /
   磁盘空间：
   [root@localhost ~]# df -lh
   Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
   /dev/sda2 18G 2.1G 15G 13% /
   tmpfs 504M 288K 504M 1% /dev/shm
   /dev/sda1 291M 31M 246M 11% /boot
  /dev/sr0 2.9G 2.9G 0 100% /media/RHEL_6.2 i386 Disc 1

2.检查操作系统要求。

3.安装linux时注意的问题。

4.检查安装Oracle11g R2所必须的包。

   在终端中执行： rpm -q gcc make binutils setarch compat-db compat-gcc compat-gcc-c++ compat-libstdc++ compat-libstdc++-devel unixODBC unixODBC-devel libaio-devel sysstat

[root@localhost ~]# rpm -q gcc make binutils setarch compat-db compat-gcc compat-gcc-c++ compat-libstdc++ compat-libstdc++-devel unixODBC unixODBC-devel libaio-devel sysstat
gcc-4.4.6-3.el6.i686
make-3.81-19.el6.i686
binutils-2.20.51.0.2-5.28.el6.i686
package setarch is not installed
package compat-db is not installed
package compat-gcc is not installed
package compat-gcc-c++ is not installed
package compat-libstdc++ is not installed
package compat-libstdc++-devel is not installed
package unixODBC is not installed
package unixODBC-devel is not installed
package libaio-devel is not installed
sysstat-9.0.4-18.el6.i686

    在linux安装盘中找到未安装的包，进行安装。

    安装相应的包后，如下：

[root@localhost Packages]# rpm -q gcc make binutils setarch compat-db compat-gcc compat-gcc-c++ compat-libstdc++ compat-libstdc++-devel unixODBC unixODBC-devel libaio-devel sysstat
gcc-4.4.6-3.el6.i686
make-3.81-19.el6.i686
binutils-2.20.51.0.2-5.28.el6.i686
package setarch is not installed
compat-db-4.6.21-15.el6.i686
package compat-gcc is not installed
package compat-gcc-c++ is not installed
package compat-libstdc++ is not installed
package compat-libstdc++-devel is not installed
unixODBC-2.2.14-11.el6.i686
unixODBC-devel-2.2.14-11.el6.i686
libaio-devel-0.3.107-10.el6.i686
sysstat-9.0.4-18.el6.i686

这四个包显示未安装，其实在之前我们安装的包里已经安装过了，所以不用管这个。

5.系统参数和用户及目录设置

   vi /etc/sysctl.conf

  添加以下参数：

#user for oracle

kernel.core_uses_pid = 1

kernel.shmmax = 536870912
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.core.rmem_default = 4194304
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 262144
fs.file-max = 6553600
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000

   修改后，再运行执行操作：sysctl -p

   添加用户组及用户：

   #groupadd dba
   #groupadd oinstall
   #useradd oracle -g oinstall -G dba
   #passwd oracle

   #id oracle(查看当前用户的创建情况)

   新建目录，并修改权限：

[root@localhost oracle]# mkdir -p /database
[root@localhost oracle]# chown -R oracle:dba /database
[root@localhost oracle]# chmod -R 755 /database

   将数据库安装软件复制到/database目录下

   在/home/oracle下创建目录：product/11.2.0;将数据库安装在此目录下。

[root@localhost oracle]# mkdir -p product/11.2.0
[root@localhost oracle]# chown -R oracle:dba product/11.2.0
[root@localhost oracle]# chmod -R 755 product/11.2.0

   用户环境变量：

   切换到oracle：su oracle

   vi .bash_profile修改文件：

   内容如下：

# .bash_profile
# Get the aliases and functions
if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then
. ~/.bashrc
fi
# User specific environment and startup programs
export TMP=/tmp
export TMPDIR=$tmp
export ORACLE_BASE=/home/oracle/product/11.2.0
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/db_1
export ORACLE_SID=orcl
export ORACLE_TERM=xterm
export PATH=/usr/sbin:$PATH;
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH
#export TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib
export CLASSPRTH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib

#export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK
#export ORA_NLS10=$ORACLE_HOME/nls/data
#unset USERNAME
#umask 022

（更新中）