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  • Ｕｂｕｎｔｕ１４．０４安装Ｍｏｏｄｌｅ

    Step-by-step Installation Guide for Ubuntu

     
    Main page ► Installation ► Step-by-step Installation Guide for Ubuntu
    INSTALLATION

    Step 1: Install Ubuntu 14.04LTS


    Server Edition amd64 Preferred

    http://www.ubuntu.com/download

    • Ubuntu Server 14.04LTS amd64 has all the required packages.
    • Ubuntu Server 14.04LTS has some minor differences from 12.04LTS, mainly to the Apache Sites Configuration, now resides at /etc/apache2/sites-available/000-default.conf and the Default Webroot now at /var/www/html/. This document has been updated to reflect those changes.
    • You can use either VI (lightweight editor) or VIM (heavyweight editor), however, if you wish to use VIM you will need to install it
    sudo apt-get install vim
    • VI or VIM Commands

    To edit a file press "Insert" Key
    To finish editing press "Esc" Key
    To write the file press ":w"
    To Exit the editor press ":q"
    You can also write and quit ":wq"

    • In Ubuntu, the standard user, the account you created during the install, does not have rights to install/write to many of the directories. In the below tutorial we will be using the term "sudo" which stands for "super user do" before most of the commands.

    Step 2: Install Apache/MySQL/PHP

    Open up Terminal and install the following;

    •  :22 in the Video
    sudo apt-get update

    sudo apt-get install apache2 mysql-client mysql-server php5

    'It will prompt you to set the root password for mysql - please, please my dear friends, WRITE IT DOWN and spare yourself some grief, you will need it in step 6.

    Step 3: Install Additional Software

    • 1:10 in the video
    sudo apt-get install graphviz aspell php5-pspell php5-curl php5-gd php5-intl php5-mysql php5-xmlrpc php5-ldap clamav

    Restart Apache so that the modules are loaded correctly

    sudo service apache2 restart

    We will be using Git to install/update the Moodle Core Application

    sudo apt-get install git-core

    Step 4: Download Moodle

    • 1:55 in the video

    Setup your local repository and download Moodle, We will use /opt for this installation.

    • Git is what is called a "version control system". By using git it will much easier down the road to update the moodle core application. Within Step 5 there is a little more detail on why we put the moodle core application code in the /opt directory.
    cd /opt

    Download the Moodle Code and Index

    sudo git clone git://git.moodle.org/moodle.git

    Change directory into the downloaded Moodle folder

    cd moodle

    Retrieve a list of each branch available

    sudo git branch -a

    Tell git which branch to track or use

    sudo git branch --track MOODLE_29_STABLE origin/MOODLE_29_STABLE

    Finally, Check out the Moodle version specified

    sudo git checkout MOODLE_29_STABLE

    Step 5: Copy local repository to /var/www/html/

    • 3:05 in the video
    sudo cp -R /opt/moodle /var/www/html/

    sudo mkdir /var/moodledata

    sudo chown -R www-data /var/moodledata

    sudo chmod -R 777 /var/moodledata

    sudo chmod -R 0755 /var/www/html/moodle
    • Explanation:


    Since we setup a local repository in the previous step, you will copy it to your webroot after any updates and making changes. Having your local repository outside of the webroot, like we have in /opt, you will be able to prepare and stage your upgrades in a more efficient manner. For example, you want to make some changes or add some plugins, you would download the plugin and copy it to your local moodle repository. After you have added the plugin and any other changes you might have made you will need to edit the file located in /opt/moodle/.git/info/exclude. Within that file you want to tell git which files/folders to exclude when it pulls down the updates when you run your next "sudo git pull". An example entry would be the certificate mod located in /opt/moodle/mod/certificate so within the exclude file you want to add "/mod/certificate" below the last comments. You would add additional entries, 1 per line, for each plugin or file you might have changed. If I were to change the favicon.ico file you would just add "favicon.ico" to the exclude file. Now when you run "sudo git pull" to update moodle to the latest version it will ignore those files and directories and just update the core moodle code. Before copying to your webroot to upgrade you want to make sure and download and copy over the latest versions of the plugins you might have added.

    Step 6: Setup MySQL Server

    • 4:45 in the video

    First we need to change the default storage engine to innodb and change the default file format to Barracuda, this is a new setting compared to previous versions. You also need to set innodb_file_per_table in order for Barracuda to work properly. Ref:https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.6/en/innodb-compression-usage.html

    • You should not need to make innodb the default storage engine anymore, the latest version of Moodle will select it automatically during install. It is always a good idea to make it default anyway. You do however need to set the default file format!
    • If you chose to use VIM instead please substitute vi for vim
    sudo vi /etc/mysql/my.cnf

    Scroll down to the [mysqld] section and under Basic Settings add the following line under the last statement. if you want to add you have to press the "insert" button on your keyboard. this is usually above the "delete" button. this allows you to add some text.

    default_storage_engine = innodb

    innodb_file_per_table = 1

    innodb_file_format = Barracuda

    In order to save my.cnf using the editor, press the Esc (Escape) key, type the following in sequence which will save :w then close the editor :q

    :w

    :q

    Restart MySQL Server for changes to take affect

    sudo service mysql restart

    Now we need to create the Moodle database and the Moodle MySQL User with the correct permissions

    Use the password you created in step 1

    mysql -u root -p

    mysql> 
    CREATE DATABASE moodle DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_unicode_ci;

    Where it says "moodledude" and "passwordformoodledude" you should change to the username and password of your choosing.

    mysql> 
    create user 'moodledude'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'passwordformoodledude';

    mysql> 
    GRANT SELECT,INSERT,UPDATE,DELETE,CREATE,CREATE TEMPORARY TABLES,DROP,INDEX,ALTER ON moodle.* TO moodledude@localhost IDENTIFIED BY 'passwordformoodledude';

    mysql> 
    quit;

    Note - If you care using MySQL 5.6+ and when you issue the create user and get an error about the password hash you need to adjust the password to use the hash value

    You can get this by following the below

    mysql> 
    SELECT password('passwordformoodledude');

    This will print the hash of the password like *AD51BAFB2GD003D3480BCED0DH81AB0BG1712535, you will want to use this in the IDENTIFIED BY ' part

    Step 7: Complete Setup

    • 6:40 in the video
    • Note - If you are not comfortable using terminal to create the config.php file that needs to be created when going through the installer, you should temporarily make the webroot writable by doing the following:
    sudo chmod -R 777 /var/www/html/moodle

    After you have ran the installer and you have moodle setup, you NEED to revert permissions so that it is no longer writable using the below command.

    sudo chmod -R 0755 /var/www/html/moodle

    Open your browser and go to http://IP.ADDRESS.OF.SERVER/moodle

    Follow the prompts:

    Change the path for moodledata

    /var/moodledata

    Database Type

    Choose: mysqli

    Database Settings

    Host server: localhost

    Database: moodle

    User: moodledude (the user you created when setting up the database)

    Password: passwordformoodledude (the password for the user you created)

    Tables Prefix: mdl_

    Environment Checks

    This will indicate if any elements required to run moodle haven't been installed.

    Next next next...

    follow prompts and confirm installation

    Create a Site Administrator Account

    Create your moodle user account which will have site administrator permissions.

    The password you select has to meet certain security requirements.

    Installation Complete

    Congrats! You can now start using Moodle!

    Don't Forget

    If you made the webroot writable, revert permissions

    sudo chmod -R 0755 /var/www/html/moodle

    System Paths After Install

    • 10:05 in the video

    After installing Moodle you should set the system paths, this will provide better performance VS not setting them. Each entry in Moodle will have it's explanation.

    Navigate, on the moodle webpage, to Site Administration > Server > System Paths

    Input the following;

    Path to Du: /usr/bin/du

    Path to Apsell: /usr/bin/aspell

    Path to dot: /usr/bin/dot

    Save Changes

    • Optional if you do not already have an AntiVirus Solution

    We also installed ClamAV in Step 3 so we need to set the path in Moodle

    1st Create the Quarantine Directory

    sudo mkdir /var/quarantine

    Change Ownership

    sudo chown -R www-data /var/quarantine

    Navigate to Site Administration > Security > Anti-Virus

    Check "Use ClamAV on uploaded files"

    ClamAV Path : /usr/bin/clamscan

    Quarantine Directory : /var/quarantine

    Save Changes

    Suggestions: Enable Zend OpCache/Change Document Root

    Within the link above, https://docs.moodle.org/26/en/OPcache add the recommended settings to your 05-opcache.ini file. Again, substitute vi with vim and remember to use the correct key squences from the introduction.

    sudo vi /etc/php5/apache2/conf.d/05-opcache.ini

    Restart Apache for changes to take affect.

    sudo service apache2 restart

    That's it for the Zend OpCache!

    You can also install a GUI to view the status of your Zend OpCache, not recommended on production servers.

    cd /var/www/html/moodle/

    Download the PHP Script to your Moodle directory, you should also add this file to /opt/moodle/.git/info/exclude file so it does not get removed when upgrading your installation.

    sudo wget https://github.com/rlerdorf/opcache-status/blob/master/opcache.php

    Visit http://ip.address.of.server/moodle/opcache.php

    If you do not want your end users to type http://yourserver/moodle and just want them to naviagate to http://youserver you will need to edit the site configuration for Apache which will tell Apache to use the /var/www/html/moodle as the root directory and not /var/www/html

    Open up the Apache sites config and change the document root

    sudo vi /etc/apache2/sites-available/000-default.conf

    On the line where DocumentRoot is;


    Change From: DocumentRoot /var/www/html

    Change To: DocumentRoot /var/www/html/moodle

    :w
      
    :q

    Restart Apache for changes to take affect.

    sudo service apache2 restart

    Important note!

    If you have already installed Moodle then you should make the below changes.

    Editing config.php for moodle

    In the installation instructions, one of the suggested settings for 'webroot' is 'localhost'. This is fine if all you want to do is some local testing of your new Moodle installation. If, however, you want to view your new installation from another machine on the same local area network, or view your site on the internet, you will have to change this setting:

    For local testing, 'localhost' is fine for the webroot ($CFG->wwwroot in config.php). If you want to test your site from other machines on the same local area network (LAN), then you will have to use the private ip address of the serving machine, (e.g. 192.168.1.2/moodle) or the network name of the serving computer (e.g. network_name_of_serving_machine/moodle) as the web root. Depending on your LAN setup, it may be better to use the network name of the computer rather than its (private) ip address, because the ip address can and will change from time to time. If you don't want to use the network name, then you will have to speak to your network administrator and have them assign a permanent ip address to the serving machine. Finally, if you want to test your new installation across the internet, you will have to use either a domain name or a permanent (public) ip address/moodle as your web root. To handle both types of access, see masquerading.


    Edit config.php for Moodle

    cd /var/www/html/moodle sudo vim config.php

    Hit the "insert" button on your keyboard, make then changes you need to make. Then press "escape" and type the following in to quit and to save changes (excluding quotation marks): ":wq"

    Under $CFG->wwwroot change to http://ip.address.of.server instead of http://ip.address.of.server/moodle

    Youtube Video

    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H5vAzBrRxzI

     
     
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  • 原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/Erdos001/p/4578871.html
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