Qt-使用QSerialPort实现串口通信

相关资料：

https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_42837024/article/details/81669540    Qt 串口通信(QSerialPort)

https://blog.csdn.net/qq_41068712/article/details/89317764     QT5串口编程——编写简单的上位机

代码实例：

.pro

QT       += core gui
QT       += serialport

greaterThan(QT_MAJOR_VERSION, 4): QT += widgets

CONFIG += c++11

# The following define makes your compiler emit warnings if you use
# any Qt feature that has been marked deprecated (the exact warnings
# depend on your compiler). Please consult the documentation of the
# deprecated API in order to know how to port your code away from it.
DEFINES += QT_DEPRECATED_WARNINGS

# You can also make your code fail to compile if it uses deprecated APIs.
# In order to do so, uncomment the following line.
# You can also select to disable deprecated APIs only up to a certain version of Qt.
#DEFINES += QT_DISABLE_DEPRECATED_BEFORE=0x060000    # disables all the APIs deprecated before Qt 6.0.0

SOURCES += 
    main.cpp 
    mainwindow.cpp

HEADERS += 
    mainwindow.h

FORMS += 
    mainwindow.ui

# Default rules for deployment.
qnx: target.path = /tmp/$${TARGET}/bin
else: unix:!android: target.path = /opt/$${TARGET}/bin
!isEmpty(target.path): INSTALLS += target

main.cpp

#include "mainwindow.h"

#include <QApplication>

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    QApplication a(argc, argv);
    MainWindow w;
    w.show();
    return a.exec();
}

mainwindow.h

#ifndef MAINWINDOW_H
#define MAINWINDOW_H

#include <QMainWindow>
#include <QMessageBox>

#include <QSerialPort>        //提供访问串口的功能
#include <QSerialPortInfo>    //提供系统中存在的串口的信息

QT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
namespace Ui { class MainWindow; }
QT_END_NAMESPACE

class MainWindow : public QMainWindow
{
    Q_OBJECT

public:
    MainWindow(QWidget *parent = nullptr);
    ~MainWindow();

private slots:
    void on_pushButton_2_clicked();

    void on_pushButton_clicked();
    void on_serialPortRead();// 串口读取
    void on_pushButton_3_clicked();

    void on_pushButton_4_clicked();

    void on_pushButton_5_clicked();

private:
    Ui::MainWindow *ui;
    // 串口
    QSerialPort *m_pSerial;
};
#endif // MAINWINDOW_H

mainwindow.cpp

#include "mainwindow.h"
#include "ui_mainwindow.h"

MainWindow::MainWindow(QWidget *parent)
    : QMainWindow(parent)
    , ui(new Ui::MainWindow)
{
    ui->setupUi(this);
    //串口对象
    m_pSerial = new QSerialPort(this);
}

MainWindow::~MainWindow()
{
    delete ui;
}

void MainWindow::on_pushButton_2_clicked()
{
    ui->textEdit->clear();
    //通过QSerialPortInfo查找可用串口
    foreach(const QSerialPortInfo &info, QSerialPortInfo::availablePorts())
    {
        ui->textEdit->append(info.portName());
    }
}

void MainWindow::on_pushButton_clicked()
{
    QString sCOMName = "COM%1";
    sCOMName = sCOMName.arg(ui->lineEdit->text());
//    //串口对象
//    m_pSerial = new QSerialPort(this);
    //设置串口名
    m_pSerial->setPortName(sCOMName);
    //设置波特率
    m_pSerial->setBaudRate(115200);
    //设置数据位数
    m_pSerial->setDataBits(QSerialPort::Data8);
    //设置奇偶校验
    m_pSerial->setParity(QSerialPort::NoParity);
    //设置停止位
    m_pSerial->setStopBits(QSerialPort::OneStop);
    //设置流控制
    m_pSerial->setFlowControl(QSerialPort::NoFlowControl);
    //打开串口
    if(!m_pSerial->open(QIODevice::ReadWrite))
    {
        QMessageBox::about(NULL, "提示", "无法打开串口！");
        return;
    }
    connect(m_pSerial, &QSerialPort::readyRead, this, &MainWindow::on_serialPortRead);
}

void MainWindow::on_serialPortRead()
{
    // 从接收缓冲区中读取数据
    QByteArray buffer = m_pSerial->readAll();
    // 重新显示
    ui->textEdit_3->append(QString(buffer));
}

void MainWindow::on_pushButton_3_clicked()
{
    //获取界面上的数据并转换成utf8格式的字节流
    QByteArray data = ui->textEdit_2->toPlainText().toUtf8();
    m_pSerial->write(data);
}

void MainWindow::on_pushButton_4_clicked()
{
    if (m_pSerial->isOpen())
    {
        m_pSerial->close();
    }
//    delete m_pSerial;
}

void MainWindow::on_pushButton_5_clicked()
{
    ui->textEdit->append(QString::number(m_pSerial->isOpen()));
}

mainwindow.ui

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<ui version="4.0">
 <class>MainWindow</class>
 <widget class="QMainWindow" name="MainWindow">
  <property name="geometry">
   <rect>
    <x>0</x>
    <y>0</y>
    <width>449</width>
    <height>314</height>
   </rect>
  </property>
  <property name="windowTitle">
   <string>MainWindow</string>
  </property>
  <widget class="QWidget" name="centralwidget">
   <widget class="QPushButton" name="pushButton">
    <property name="geometry">
     <rect>
      <x>130</x>
      <y>140</y>
      <width>75</width>
      <height>23</height>
     </rect>
    </property>
    <property name="text">
     <string>打开串口</string>
    </property>
   </widget>
   <widget class="QPushButton" name="pushButton_2">
    <property name="geometry">
     <rect>
      <x>130</x>
      <y>20</y>
      <width>91</width>
      <height>23</height>
     </rect>
    </property>
    <property name="text">
     <string>显示所有串口</string>
    </property>
   </widget>
   <widget class="QPushButton" name="pushButton_3">
    <property name="geometry">
     <rect>
      <x>350</x>
      <y>190</y>
      <width>75</width>
      <height>23</height>
     </rect>
    </property>
    <property name="text">
     <string>写</string>
    </property>
   </widget>
   <widget class="QTextEdit" name="textEdit">
    <property name="geometry">
     <rect>
      <x>10</x>
      <y>20</y>
      <width>111</width>
      <height>111</height>
     </rect>
    </property>
   </widget>
   <widget class="QLineEdit" name="lineEdit">
    <property name="geometry">
     <rect>
      <x>10</x>
      <y>140</y>
      <width>111</width>
      <height>20</height>
     </rect>
    </property>
   </widget>
   <widget class="QTextEdit" name="textEdit_2">
    <property name="geometry">
     <rect>
      <x>250</x>
      <y>140</y>
      <width>181</width>
      <height>41</height>
     </rect>
    </property>
   </widget>
   <widget class="QTextEdit" name="textEdit_3">
    <property name="geometry">
     <rect>
      <x>250</x>
      <y>20</y>
      <width>181</width>
      <height>111</height>
     </rect>
    </property>
   </widget>
   <widget class="QLabel" name="label">
    <property name="geometry">
     <rect>
      <x>250</x>
      <y>0</y>
      <width>54</width>
      <height>12</height>
     </rect>
    </property>
    <property name="text">
     <string>读取数据：</string>
    </property>
   </widget>
   <widget class="QPushButton" name="pushButton_4">
    <property name="geometry">
     <rect>
      <x>130</x>
      <y>170</y>
      <width>75</width>
      <height>23</height>
     </rect>
    </property>
    <property name="text">
     <string>关闭串口中</string>
    </property>
   </widget>
   <widget class="QPushButton" name="pushButton_5">
    <property name="geometry">
     <rect>
      <x>130</x>
      <y>200</y>
      <width>75</width>
      <height>23</height>
     </rect>
    </property>
    <property name="text">
     <string>是否打开</string>
    </property>
   </widget>
  </widget>
  <widget class="QMenuBar" name="menubar">
   <property name="geometry">
    <rect>
     <x>0</x>
     <y>0</y>
     <width>449</width>
     <height>23</height>
    </rect>
   </property>
  </widget>
  <widget class="QStatusBar" name="statusbar"/>
 </widget>
 <resources/>
 <connections/>
</ui>