NSUserDefaults适合存储轻量级的本地客户端数据,比如记住密码功能,要保存一个系统的用户名、密码。使用NSUserDefaults是首选。下次再登陆的时候就可以直接从NSUserDefaults里面读取上次登陆的信息。
一般来说本地存储数据我们还可以是用SQlite数据库,或者使用自己建立的plist文件什么的,但这还得自己显示创建文件,读取文件,很麻烦,而是用NSUserDefaults则不用管这些东西,就像读字符串一样,直接读取就可以了。
NSUserDefaults支持的数据格式也很多,有:Int,Float,Double,BOOL,甚至AnyObject类型。
1,下面通过一个样例演示NSUserDefaults的用法:
(1)如果是第一次运行程序通过CFUUIDCreate方法生成一个唯一字符串作为用户id储存起来(形如:B8DDB58D-73BF-4E39-A051-365858FC4626)
(2)往后运行时直接从NSUserDefaults中把用户id取出
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
|
class func get_uuid() -> String { var userid = NSUserDefaults .standardUserDefaults().stringForKey( "hangge" ) if (userid != nil ){ return userid! } else { var uuid_ref = CFUUIDCreate ( nil ) var uuid_string_ref = CFUUIDCreateString ( nil , uuid_ref) var uuid: String = NSString (format: uuid_string_ref) NSUserDefaults .standardUserDefaults().setObject(uuid, forKey: "hangge" ) return uuid } } |
2,对原生数据类型的储存和读取
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
|
var userDefault = NSUserDefaults .standardUserDefaults() //AnyObject userDefault.setObject( "hangge.com" , forKey: "Object" ) var objectValue: AnyObject ? = userDefault.objectForKey( "Object" ) //Int类型 userDefault.setInteger(12345, forKey: "Int" ) var intValue = userDefault.integerForKey( "Int" ) //Float类型 userDefault.setFloat(3.2, forKey: "Float" ) var floatValue = userDefault.floatForKey( "Float" ) //Double类型 userDefault.setDouble(5.2240, forKey: "Double" ) var doubleValue = userDefault.doubleForKey( "Double" ) //Bool类型 userDefault.setBool( true , forKey: "Bool" ) var boolValue = userDefault.boolForKey( "Bool" ) //NSURL类型 var urlValue = userDefault. URLForKey ( "NSURL" ) //NSString类型 userDefault.setObject( "hangge.com" , forKey: "NSString" ) var nsStringValue = userDefault.objectForKey( "NSString" ) as ! NSString //NSNumber类型 var number: NSNumber = NSNumber (int:22) userDefault.setObject(number, forKey: "NSNumber" ) number = userDefault.objectForKey( "NSNumber" ) as ! NSNumber //NSArray类型 var array: NSArray = NSArray (array: [ "123" , "456" ]) userDefault.setObject(array, forKey: "NSArray" ) //NSDictionaryy类型 var dictionary: NSDictionary = NSDictionary (dictionary: [ "1" : "hangge.com" ]) userDefault.setObject(dictionary, forKey: "NSDictionary" ) dictionary = userDefault.objectForKey( "NSDictionary" ) as ! NSDictionary |
3,系统对象的存储与读取
系统对象实现存储,需要通过archivedDataWithRootObject方法转换成NSData为载体,才可以存储。下面以UIImage对象为例:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
|
var userDefault = NSUserDefaults .standardUserDefaults() //UIImage对象存储 //将对象转换成NSData流 var image = UIImage (named: "apple.png" ) var imageData: NSData = NSKeyedArchiver .archivedDataWithRootObject(image!) //存储NSData对象 userDefault.setObject(imageData, forKey: "imageData" ) //UIImage对象读取 //获取NSData var objData: NSData = userDefault.objectForKey( "imageData" ) as ! NSData //还原对象 var myImage = NSKeyedUnarchiver .unarchiveObjectWithData(objData) as ! UIImage println (myImage) |
4,自定义对象的存储和读取
如果想要存储自己定义的类,首先需要对该类实现NSCoding协议来进行归档和反归档(序列号和反序列化)。即该类内添加func encodeWithCoder(_encoder:NSCoder)方法和init(coder decoder:NSCoder)方法,将属性进行转换。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
|
var userDefault = NSUserDefaults .standardUserDefaults() //自定义对象存储 var model = UserInfo (name: "航歌" , phone: "3525" ) //实例对象转换成NSData var modelData: NSData = NSKeyedArchiver .archivedDataWithRootObject(model) //存储NSData对象 userDefault.setObject(modelData, forKey: "myModel" ) //自定义对象读取 var myModelData = userDefault.objectForKey( "myModel" ) as ! NSData var myModel = NSKeyedUnarchiver .unarchiveObjectWithData(myModelData) as ! UserInfo //----- 自定义对象类 ----- class UserInfo : NSObject { var name: String var phone: String //构造方法 init (name: String = "" ,phone: String = "" ){ self .name = name self .phone = phone super . init () } //从nsobject解析回来 init (coder aDecoder: NSCoder !){ self .name=aDecoder.decodeObjectForKey( "Name" ) as ! String self .phone=aDecoder.decodeObjectForKey( "Phone" ) as ! String } //编码成object func encodeWithCoder(aCoder: NSCoder !){ aCoder.encodeObject(name,forKey: "Name" ) aCoder.encodeObject(phone,forKey: "Phone" ) } } |