深拷贝(深复制)和浅拷贝(浅复制)是两个比较通用的概念,尤其在C++语言中,若不弄懂,则会在delete的时候出问题,但是我们在这幸好用的是Java。虽然java自动管理对象的回收,但对于深拷贝(深复制)和浅拷贝(浅复制),我们还是要给予足够的重视,因为有时这两个概念往往会给我们带来不小的困惑。
浅拷贝是指拷贝对象时仅仅拷贝对象本身(包括对象中的基本变量),而不拷贝对象包含的引用指向的对象。深拷贝不仅拷贝对象本身,而且拷贝对象包含的引用指向的所有对象。举例来说更加清楚:对象A1中包含对B1的引用,B1中包含对C1的引用。浅拷贝A1得到A2,A2 中依然包含对B1的引用,B1中依然包含对C1的引用。深拷贝则是对浅拷贝的递归,深拷贝A1得到A2,A2中包含对B2(B1的copy)的引用,B2 中包含对C2(C1的copy)的引用。
若不对clone()方法进行改写,则调用此方法得到的对象即为浅拷贝,下面我们着重谈一下深拷贝。
运行下面的程序,看一看浅拷贝:
1 class Professor0 implements Cloneable { 2 String name; 3 int age; 4 5 Professor0(String name, int age) { 6 this.name = name; 7 this.age = age; 8 } 9 10 public Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException { 11 return super.clone(); 12 } 13 } 14 15 class Student0 implements Cloneable { 16 String name;// 常量对象。 17 int age; 18 Professor0 p;// 学生1和学生2的引用值都是一样的。 19 20 Student0(String name, int age, Professor0 p) { 21 this.name = name; 22 this.age = age; 23 this.p = p; 24 } 25 26 public Object clone() { 27 Student0 o = null; 28 try { 29 o = (Student0) super.clone(); 30 } catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) { 31 System.out.println(e.toString()); 32 } 33 34 return o; 35 } 36 } 37 38 public class ShallowCopy { 39 public static void main(String[] args) { 40 Professor0 p = new Professor0("wangwu", 50); 41 Student0 s1 = new Student0("zhangsan", 18, p); 42 Student0 s2 = (Student0) s1.clone(); 43 s2.p.name = "lisi"; 44 s2.p.age = 30; 45 s2.name = "z"; 46 s2.age = 45; 47 System.out.println("学生s1的姓名:" + s1.name + " 学生s1教授的姓名:" + s1.p.name + "," + " 学生s1教授的年纪" + s1.p.age);// 学生1的教授 48 } 49 }
s2变了,但s1也变了,证明s1的p和s2的p指向的是同一个对象。这在我们有的实际需求中,却不是这样,因而我们需要深拷贝:
1 class Professor implements Cloneable { 2 String name; 3 int age; 4 5 Professor(String name, int age) { 6 this.name = name; 7 this.age = age; 8 } 9 10 public Object clone() { 11 Object o = null; 12 try { 13 o = super.clone(); 14 } catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) { 15 System.out.println(e.toString()); 16 } 17 return o; 18 } 19 } 20 21 class Student implements Cloneable { 22 String name; 23 int age; 24 Professor p; 25 26 Student(String name, int age, Professor p) { 27 this.name = name; 28 this.age = age; 29 this.p = p; 30 } 31 32 public Object clone() { 33 Student o = null; 34 try { 35 o = (Student) super.clone(); 36 } catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) { 37 System.out.println(e.toString()); 38 } 39 o.p = (Professor) p.clone(); 40 return o; 41 } 42 } 43 44 public class DeepCopy { 45 public static void main(String args[]) { 46 long t1 = System.currentTimeMillis(); 47 Professor p = new Professor("wangwu", 50); 48 Student s1 = new Student("zhangsan", 18, p); 49 Student s2 = (Student) s1.clone(); 50 s2.p.name = "lisi"; 51 s2.p.age = 30; 52 System.out.println("name=" + s1.p.name + "," + "age=" + s1.p.age);// 学生1的教授不改变。 53 long t2 = System.currentTimeMillis(); 54 System.out.println(t2-t1); 55 } 56 }
当然我们还有一种深拷贝方法,就是将对象串行化:
1 import java.io.*; 2 //Serialization is time-consuming 3 class Professor2 implements Serializable { 4 /** 5 * 6 */ 7 private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L; 8 String name; 9 int age; 10 11 Professor2(String name, int age) { 12 this.name = name; 13 this.age = age; 14 } 15 } 16 17 class Student2 implements Serializable { 18 /** 19 * 20 */ 21 private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L; 22 String name;// 常量对象。 23 int age; 24 Professor2 p;// 学生1和学生2的引用值都是一样的。 25 26 Student2(String name, int age, Professor2 p) { 27 this.name = name; 28 this.age = age; 29 this.p = p; 30 } 31 32 public Object deepClone() throws IOException, OptionalDataException, 33 ClassNotFoundException { 34 // 将对象写到流里 35 ByteArrayOutputStream bo = new ByteArrayOutputStream(); 36 ObjectOutputStream oo = new ObjectOutputStream(bo); 37 oo.writeObject(this); 38 // 从流里读出来 39 ByteArrayInputStream bi = new ByteArrayInputStream(bo.toByteArray()); 40 ObjectInputStream oi = new ObjectInputStream(bi); 41 return (oi.readObject()); 42 } 43 44 } 45 46 public class DeepCopy2 { 47 48 /** 49 * @param args 50 */ 51 public static void main(String[] args) throws OptionalDataException, 52 IOException, ClassNotFoundException { 53 long t1 = System.currentTimeMillis(); 54 Professor2 p = new Professor2("wangwu", 50); 55 Student2 s1 = new Student2("zhangsan", 18, p); 56 Student2 s2 = (Student2) s1.deepClone(); 57 s2.p.name = "lisi"; 58 s2.p.age = 30; 59 System.out.println("name=" + s1.p.name + "," + "age=" + s1.p.age); // 学生1的教授不改变。 60 long t2 = System.currentTimeMillis(); 61 System.out.println(t2-t1); 62 } 63 64 }
但是串行化却很耗时,在一些框架中,我们便可以感受到,它们往往将对象进行串行化后进行传递,耗时较多。
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注:本文转载于:http://www.cnblogs.com/shuaiwhu/archive/2010/12/14/2065088.html,感谢原文作者!