C#序列化、反序列化学习

概念：

序列化就是将对象转换为可保持或传输的过程，与序列化相反的过程就是反序列化。

作用：

通过序列化可以很轻松的存储和传输对象。

三种序列化技术：

      .NET提供了三种序列化技术，我只知道这三种技术。分别是：Xml序列化、二进制序列化、Soap序列化（需要在项目内添加引用System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters.Soap，然后在类中using这个引用。）

Xml序列化是将对象的公共属性和字段转换为序列格式并保存在Xml文件中。Xml反序列化则是将Xml中的数据重新生成对象。

二进制序列化指使用二进制编码生成精简的序列化，用于存储或基于套接字的网络流。二进制序列化保持类型保真度，这对于应用程序的不同调用之间保留对象的状态很有用。

Soap序列化是将对象序列化为符合Soap规范的Xml流。

序列化的步骤：

       1、创建对象，并设置公共属性和字段

      2、确定使用xml、二进制、Soap这三种方式中的哪种方式序列化对象。具体的步骤如下面的示例。

示例：

       1、新建解决方案Serializer

      2、新建类库Jack.Gao.Domain，并在该类库下添加Person类，Person类的代码如下：

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters;

namespace Jack.Gao.Domain
{
    [Serializable]
    public class Person
    {
        //如果不想实例化某一个字段，可以使用特性NonSerialized标记
        private int _id;
        public int Id
        {
            get { return _id; }
            set { _id = value; }
        }

        private string _name;
        public string Name
        {
            get { return _name; }
            set { _name = value; }
        }

        private string _sex;
        public string Sex
        {
            get { return _sex; }
            set { _sex = value; }
        }
    }
}

      3、新建类库Jack.Gao.PersonFactory，在该库下新建Factory类，用于生成Person。代码如下：

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;

using Jack.Gao.Domain;

namespace Jack.Gao.PersonFactory
{
    public class Factory
    {
        #region Create Person
        public static Person CreatePerson()
        {
            return new Person();
        }
        #endregion       
    }
}

          添加枚举类型SerializerType，代码如下：

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;

namespace Jack.Gao.PersonFactory
{
    public enum SerializerType
    {
        Xml,
        Binary,
        Soap
    }
}

            再新建一个类SerializerTypeFactory，添加如下代码：

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.IO;
using System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters.Binary;
using System.Xml.Serialization;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters.Soap;
using Jack.Gao.Domain;

namespace Jack.Gao.PersonFactory
{
    public static class SerializerTypeFactory
    {
        public static object CreateSerializerType(SerializerType serializerType)
        {
            object serializer=null;

            switch (serializerType)
            {
                case SerializerType.Xml:
                     serializer = new XmlSerializer(typeof(Person));
                     break;
                case SerializerType.Binary:
                     serializer = new BinaryFormatter();
                     break;
                case SerializerType.Soap:
                     serializer = new SoapFormatter();
                     break;
                default:
                    throw new Exception("Type is not correctly!");
            }

            return serializer;
        }
    }
}

       4、新建类库Jack.Gao.CreateSerializerType，新建ICreateSerializer接口和CreateSerializer类。
          ICreateSerializer的代码如下：

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;

namespace Jack.Gao.CreateSerializerType
{
    public interface ICreateSerializer
    {
        void XmlSerializePerson();
        void DeXmlSerializePerson();
        void UseBinarySerializePerson();
        void UseBinaryDeSerializePerson();
        void UseSoapFormatterSerializePerson();
        void UseSoapFormatterDeSerializePerson();
    }
}

           CreateSerializer的代码如下：

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.IO;
using System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters.Binary;
using System.Xml.Serialization;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters.Soap;

using Jack.Gao.Domain;
using Jack.Gao.PersonFactory;


namespace Jack.Gao.CreateSerializerType
{
    public class CreateSerializer:ICreateSerializer
    {
        private static Person _person;

        #region 使用XmlSerializer序列化Person
        /// <summary>
        /// 序列化Person，使用XmlSerializer的Serialize进行序列化。
        /// </summary>
        public void XmlSerializePerson()
        {
            using (FileStream fileStream = new FileStream("Person.xml", FileMode.Create))
            {
                _person = Factory.CreatePerson();

                _person.Id = 1;
                _person.Name = "Jack Gao";
                _person.Sex = "Man";

                XmlSerializer xmlSerializer = (XmlSerializer)SerializerTypeFactory.CreateSerializerType(SerializerType.Xml);
                xmlSerializer.Serialize(fileStream, _person);
            }
        }
        #endregion

        #region 使用XmlSerializer反序列化Person
        /// <summary>
        /// 反序列化Person，使用XmlSerializer的Deserialize进行反序列化。
        /// </summary>
        public void DeXmlSerializePerson()
        {
            _person = Factory.CreatePerson();

            using (FileStream fileStream = new FileStream("Person.xml", FileMode.Open))
            {
                XmlSerializer xmlSerializer = (XmlSerializer)SerializerTypeFactory.CreateSerializerType(SerializerType.Xml);
                _person = (Person)xmlSerializer.Deserialize(fileStream);
            }

            Console.WriteLine(_person.Id);
            Console.WriteLine(_person.Name);
            Console.WriteLine(_person.Sex);
        }
        #endregion

        #region 使用BinaryFormatter序列化Person
        public void UseBinarySerializePerson()
        {
            _person = Factory.CreatePerson();

            _person.Id = 2;
            _person.Name = "Jim";
            _person.Sex = "Women";

            using (FileStream fileStream = new FileStream("Person.xml", FileMode.Create))
            {
                BinaryFormatter binaryFormatter = (BinaryFormatter)SerializerTypeFactory.CreateSerializerType(SerializerType.Binary);
                binaryFormatter.Serialize(fileStream, _person);
            }
        }
        #endregion

        #region 使用BinaryFormatter反序列化Person
        public void UseBinaryDeSerializePerson()
        {
            Person person = Factory.CreatePerson();

            using (FileStream fileStream = new FileStream("Person.xml", FileMode.Open))
            {
                BinaryFormatter binaryFormatter = (BinaryFormatter)SerializerTypeFactory.CreateSerializerType(SerializerType.Binary);
                person = (Person)binaryFormatter.Deserialize(fileStream);
            }

            Console.WriteLine(person.Id);
            Console.WriteLine(person.Name);
            Console.WriteLine(person.Sex);
        }
        #endregion

        #region 使用SoapFormatter序列化Person
        public void UseSoapFormatterSerializePerson()
        {
            _person = Factory.CreatePerson();

            _person.Id = 3;
            _person.Name = "Green";
            _person.Sex = "Man";

            FileStream fileStream = new FileStream("Person.xml", FileMode.Create);
            SoapFormatter soapFormatter = (SoapFormatter)SerializerTypeFactory.CreateSerializerType(SerializerType.Soap);
            soapFormatter.Serialize(fileStream, _person);
        }
        #endregion

        #region 使用SoapFormatter反序列化Person
        public void UseSoapFormatterDeSerializePerson()
        {
            _person = Factory.CreatePerson();

            FileStream fileStream = new FileStream("Person.xml", FileMode.Open);
            SoapFormatter soapFormatter = (SoapFormatter)SerializerTypeFactory.CreateSerializerType(SerializerType.Soap);
            _person = (Person)soapFormatter.Deserialize(fileStream);

            Console.WriteLine(_person.Id);
            Console.WriteLine(_person.Name);
            Console.WriteLine(_person.Sex);
        }
        #endregion
    }
}

      5、新建控制台输出程序Jack.Gao.AppSerializer，在Program.cs添加如下代码：

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.IO;
using System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters.Binary;
using System.Xml.Serialization;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters.Soap;

using Jack.Gao.CreateSerializerType;
using Jack.Gao.Domain;
using Jack.Gao.PersonFactory;

namespace Jack.Gao.AppSerializer
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            CreateSerializer createSerializer = new CreateSerializer();
            //createSerializer.XmlSerializePerson();
            //createSerializer.DeXmlSerializePerson();

            //createSerializer.UseBinarySerializePerson();
            //createSerializer.UseBinaryDeSerializePerson();

            //createSerializer.UseSoapFormatterSerializePerson();
            createSerializer.UseSoapFormatterDeSerializePerson();
            ShowIsSuccess();

            Console.ReadKey();
        }

        private static void ShowIsSuccess()
        {
            if (IsExitFile())
            {
                Console.WriteLine("Create File sucessfull.");
            }
            else
            {
                Console.WriteLine("Create File error.");
            }
        }

        private static bool IsExitFile()
        {
            bool exitXmlFile = false;

            string currentApplicationPath = Process.GetCurrentProcess().MainModule.FileName;

            if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(currentApplicationPath))
            {
                exitXmlFile = true;
            }
            else
            {
                exitXmlFile = false;
            }

            return exitXmlFile;
        }
    }
}

            运行该程序，可以看到在输出目录下多了一个Person.xml的文件，可以查看里面的内容，以下内容使用soap序列化后生成的，你也可以查看其它的两种方式生成的内容。