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  • 4、Spring Boot web开发

    1.创建一个web模块

    (1).创建SpringBoot应用,选中我们需要的模块;

    (2).SpringBoot已经默认将这些场景配置好了,只需要在配置文件中指定少量配置就可以运行起来

    (3).自己编写业务代码;

    自动配置原理

    xxxxAutoConfiguration:帮我们给容器中自动配置组件;

    xxxxProperties:配置类来封装配置文件的内容;

    2.SpringBoott对静态资源的映射规则

    @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.resources", ignoreUnknownFields = false)

    public class ResourceProperties implements ResourceLoaderAware {

      //可以设置和静态资源有关的参数,缓存时间等

     

    WebMvcAuotConfiguration:

    @Override

    public void addResourceHandlers(ResourceHandlerRegistry registry) {

    if (!this.resourceProperties.isAddMappings()) {

    logger.debug("Default resource handling disabled");

    return;

    }

    Integer cachePeriod = this.resourceProperties.getCachePeriod();

    if (!registry.hasMappingForPattern("/webjars/**")) {

    customizeResourceHandlerRegistration(

    registry.addResourceHandler("/webjars/**")

    .addResourceLocations(

    "classpath:/META-INF/resources/webjars/")

    .setCachePeriod(cachePeriod));

    }

    String staticPathPattern = this.mvcProperties.getStaticPathPattern();

               //静态资源文件夹映射

    if (!registry.hasMappingForPattern(staticPathPattern)) {

    customizeResourceHandlerRegistration(

    registry.addResourceHandler(staticPathPattern)

    .addResourceLocations(

    this.resourceProperties.getStaticLocations())

    .setCachePeriod(cachePeriod));

    }

    }

     

            //配置index映射

    @Bean

    public WelcomePageHandlerMapping welcomePageHandlerMapping(

    ResourceProperties resourceProperties) {

    return new WelcomePageHandlerMapping(resourceProperties.getWelcomePage(),

    this.mvcProperties.getStaticPathPattern());

    }

     

           //配置图标

    @Configuration

    @ConditionalOnProperty(value = "spring.mvc.favicon.enabled", matchIfMissing = true)

    public static class FaviconConfiguration {

     

    private final ResourceProperties resourceProperties;

     

    public FaviconConfiguration(ResourceProperties resourceProperties) {

    this.resourceProperties = resourceProperties;

    }

     

    @Bean

    public SimpleUrlHandlerMapping faviconHandlerMapping() {

    SimpleUrlHandlerMapping mapping = new SimpleUrlHandlerMapping();

    mapping.setOrder(Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE + 1);

                   //所有  **/favicon.ico

    mapping.setUrlMap(Collections.singletonMap("**/favicon.ico",

    faviconRequestHandler()));

    return mapping;

    }

     

    @Bean

    public ResourceHttpRequestHandler faviconRequestHandler() {

    ResourceHttpRequestHandler requestHandler = new ResourceHttpRequestHandler();

    requestHandler

    .setLocations(this.resourceProperties.getFaviconLocations());

    return requestHandler;

    }

     

    }

    (1). 所有/webjars/**,都去 classpath:/META-INF/resources/webjars/ 找资源;webjars:以jar包的方式引入静态资源

    http://www.webjars.org/

     

    <!--引入jquery-webjar 在访问的时候只需要写webjars下面资源的名称即可 -->

    <dependency>

       <groupId>org.webjars</groupId>

       <artifactId>jquery</artifactId>

       <version>3.3.1</version>

    </dependency>

    访问:localhost:8080/webjars/jquery/3.3.1/jquery.js

    (2)."/**" 访问当前项目的任何资源,到'静态资源文件夹'找映射

    "classpath:/META-INF/resources/",

    "classpath:/resources/",

    "classpath:/static/",

    "classpath:/public/"

    "/":当前项目的根路径

    访问:http://localhost:8080/asserts/js/Chart.min.js

     

    localhost:8080/abc ---> 去静态资源文件夹里面找abc

    (3).index页; 静态资源文件夹下的所有index.html页面;被"/**"映射;

    访问:localhost:8080/

     

    (4). 图标**/favicon.ico都在静态资源文件下找

     

    3.模板引擎

      JSP、Velocity、Freemarker、Thymeleaf

     

      SpringBoot推荐使用的Thymeleaf,语法更简单,功能更强大.

    (1).引入thymeleaf

    <dependency>

    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>

    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId>

               <!--2.1.6-->

    </dependency>

    切换thymeleaf版本

    <properties>

    <thymeleaf.version>3.0.9.RELEASE</thymeleaf.version>

    <!-- 布局功能的支持程序  thymeleaf3主程序  layout2以上版本 -->

    <!-- thymeleaf2   layout1-->

    <thymeleaf-layout-dialect.version>2.2.2</thymeleaf-layout-dialect.version>

      </properties>

     

    (2).使用thymeleaf

    @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.thymeleaf")

    public class ThymeleafProperties {

     

    private static final Charset DEFAULT_ENCODING = Charset.forName("UTF-8");

     

    private static final MimeType DEFAULT_CONTENT_TYPE = MimeType.valueOf("text/html");

     

    public static final String DEFAULT_PREFIX = "classpath:/templates/";

     

    public static final String DEFAULT_SUFFIX = ".html";

       //

      HTML页面放在classpath:/templates/,thymeleaf就能自动渲染;

    开发文档

     

    [1].添加名称空间

     

    xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org"

    [2].使用thymeleaf语法  

    <!DOCTYPE html>

    <html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">

    <head>

        <meta charset="UTF-8">

        <title>Title</title>

    </head>

    <body>

        <h1>成功!</h1>

        <!--th:text 将div里面的文本内容设置为 -->

        <div th:text="${hello}">这是显示欢迎信息</div>

    </body>

    </html>

    (3).thymeleaf语法

     

    [1].th:text:改变当前元素里面的文本内容

    th:任意html属性;来替换原生属性的值

     

    [2].表达式

     

    Simple expressions:(表达式语法)

        Variable Expressions: ${...}:获取变量值;OGNL;

         1)、获取对象的属性、调用方法

         2)、使用内置的基本对象:

         #ctx : the context object.

         #vars: the context variables.

                    #locale : the context locale.

                    #request : (only in Web Contexts) the HttpServletRequest object.

                    #response : (only in Web Contexts) the HttpServletResponse object.

                    #session : (only in Web Contexts) the HttpSession object.

                    #servletContext : (only in Web Contexts) the ServletContext object.

                    

                    ${session.foo}

                3)、内置的一些工具对象:

    #execInfo : information about the template being processed.

    #messages : methods for obtaining externalized messages inside variables expressions, in the same way as they would be obtained using #{…} syntax.

    #uris : methods for escaping parts of URLs/URIs

    #conversions : methods for executing the configured conversion service (if any).

    #dates : methods for java.util.Date objects: formatting, component extraction, etc.

    #calendars : analogous to #dates , but for java.util.Calendar objects.

    #numbers : methods for formatting numeric objects.

    #strings : methods for String objects: contains, startsWith, prepending/appending, etc.

    #objects : methods for objects in general.

    #bools : methods for boolean evaluation.

    #arrays : methods for arrays.

    #lists : methods for lists.

    #sets : methods for sets.

    #maps : methods for maps.

    #aggregates : methods for creating aggregates on arrays or collections.

    #ids : methods for dealing with id attributes that might be repeated (for example, as a result of an iteration).

     

        Selection Variable Expressions: *{...}:选择表达式:和${}在功能上是一样;

         补充:配合 th:object="${session.user}:

       <div th:object="${session.user}">

        <p>Name: <span th:text="*{firstName}">Sebastian</span>.</p>

        <p>Surname: <span th:text="*{lastName}">Pepper</span>.</p>

        <p>Nationality: <span th:text="*{nationality}">Saturn</span>.</p>

        </div>

        

        Message Expressions: #{...}:获取国际化内容

        Link URL Expressions: @{...}:定义URL;

         @{/order/process(execId=${execId},execType='FAST')}

        Fragment Expressions: ~{...}:片段引用表达式

         <div th:insert="~{commons :: main}">...</div>

        

    Literals(字面量)

          Text literals: 'one text' , 'Another one!' ,…

          Number literals: 0 , 34 , 3.0 , 12.3 ,…

          Boolean literals: true , false

          Null literal: null

          Literal tokens: one , sometext , main ,…

    Text operations:(文本操作)

        String concatenation: +

        Literal substitutions: |The name is ${name}|

    Arithmetic operations:(数学运算)

        Binary operators: + , - , * , / , %

        Minus sign (unary operator): -

    Boolean operations:(布尔运算)

        Binary operators: and , or

        Boolean negation (unary operator): ! , not

    Comparisons and equality:(比较运算)

        Comparators: > , < , >= , <= ( gt , lt , ge , le )

        Equality operators: == , != ( eq , ne )

    Conditional operators:条件运算(三元运算符)

        If-then: (if) ? (then)

        If-then-else: (if) ? (then) : (else)

        Default: (value) ?: (defaultvalue)

    Special tokens:

        No-Operation: _

     

    4.SpringMVC自动配置

    官方文档

     

    (1).Spring MVC auto-configuration

      Spring Boot 自动配置SpringMVC

      SpringBoot对SpringMVC的默认配置(WebMvcAutoConfiguration)

     Inclusion of ContentNegotiatingViewResolver and BeanNameViewResolver beans.

     自动配置了ViewResolver(视图解析器:根据方法的返回值得到视图对象(View),视图对象决定如何渲染(转发?重定向?))

     ContentNegotiatingViewResolver:组合所有的视图解析器的

     如何定制:我们可以自己给容器中添加一个视图解析器;自动的将其组合进来;

     Support for serving static resources, including support for WebJars (see below).

     静态资源文件夹路径,webjars

     Automatic registration of Converter, GenericConverter, Formatter beans.

     Converter:转换器;  public String hello(User user):类型转换使用Converter

     Formatter格式化器;  2017.12.17===Date;

    @Bean

    @ConditionalOnProperty(prefix = "spring.mvc", name = "date-format")//在文件中配置日期格式化的规则

    public Formatter<Date> dateFormatter() {

    return new DateFormatter(this.mvcProperties.getDateFormat());//日期格式化组件

    }

     自己添加的格式化器转换器,我们只需要放在容器中即可

     Support for HttpMessageConverters (see below).

     HttpMessageConverter:SpringMVC用来转换Http请求和响应的;User--->Json;

     `HttpMessageConverters` 是从容器中确定;获取所有的HttpMessageConverter;

     自己给容器中添加HttpMessageConverter,只需要将自己的组件注册容器中(@Bean,@Component)

     Automatic registration of MessageCodesResolver (see below).

     定义错误代码生成规则

     Static index.html support.

     静态首页访问

     Custom Favicon support (see below).

      自定义favicon.ico 图标

     Automatic use of a ConfigurableWebBindingInitializer bean (see below).

     我们可以配置一个ConfigurableWebBindingInitializer来替换默认的;(添加到容器)

    初始化WebDataBinder;

    请求数据=====JavaBean;

    org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web:web所有自动场景;

    If you want to keep Spring Boot MVC features, and you just want to add additional MVC configuration (interceptors, formatters, view controllers etc.) you can add your own @Configuration class of type WebMvcConfigurerAdapter, but without @EnableWebMvc. If you wish to provide custom instances of RequestMappingHandlerMapping, RequestMappingHandlerAdapter or ExceptionHandlerExceptionResolver you can declare a WebMvcRegistrationsAdapter instance providing such components.

    (2).扩展SpringMVC

       <mvc:view-controller path="/hello" view-name="success"/>

        <mvc:interceptors>

            <mvc:interceptor>

                <mvc:mapping path="/hello"/>

                <bean></bean>

            </mvc:interceptor>

        </mvc:interceptors>

      编写配置类(@Configuration),是WebMvcConfigurerAdapter类型;不能标注@EnableWebMvc;

      在保留所有的自动配置情况下,也能用我们扩展的配置

    //使用 WebMvcConfigurer可以来扩展SpringMVC功能

    //因为WebMvcConfigurerAdapter已经过时,所以我们使用接口WebMvcConfigurer替代

    @Configuration

    public class MyMvcConfig  implements WebMvcConfigurer {

        @Override

        public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {

            //super.addViewControllers(registry)

            //浏览器发送/pluto请求来到success

            registry.addViewController("/pluto").setViewName("success");

        }

    }

    原理解析:

    [1].WebMvcAutoConfiguration是SpringMVC自动配置类

    [2].在做其他自动配置时会导入@Import(EnableWebMvcConfiguration.class)

      

       @Configuration

    public static class EnableWebMvcConfiguration extends DelegatingWebMvcConfiguration {

          private final WebMvcConfigurerComposite configurers = new WebMvcConfigurerComposite();

     

    //从容器中获取所有的WebMvcConfigurer

          @Autowired(required = false)

          public void setConfigurers(List<WebMvcConfigurer> configurers) {

              if (!CollectionUtils.isEmpty(configurers)) {

                  this.configurers.addWebMvcConfigurers(configurers);

                 //一个参考实现;将所有的WebMvcConfigurer相关配置都来一起调用;  

                 @Override

                 // public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {

                  //    for (WebMvcConfigurer delegate : this.delegates) {

                   //       delegate.addViewControllers(registry);

                   //   }

                  }

              }

    }

    [3].容器中所有的WebMvcConfigurer都会一起起作用

    [4].手写的配置类也会被调用

    结果:SpringMVC的自动配置和手写的扩展配置都起作用;

    (3).全面接管SpringMVC

      SpringBoot对SpringMVC的自动配置不需要;自己配置所有配置;所有的SpringMVC自动配置使其失效。

      需要在配置类中添加@EnableWebMvc即可;

    //使用 WebMvcConfigurer可以来扩展SpringMVC功能

    //因为WebMvcConfigurerAdapter已经过时,所以我们使用接口WebMvcConfigurer替代

    @EnableWebMvc

    @Configuration

    public class MyMvcConfig  implements WebMvcConfigurer {

        @Override

        public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {

            //super.addViewControllers(registry)

            //浏览器发送/pluto请求来到success

            registry.addViewController("/pluto").setViewName("success");

        }

    }

    原理解析:@EnableWebMvc自动配置失效

    [1].@EnableWebMvc的核心

     

    @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)

    @Target({ElementType.TYPE})

    @Documented

    @Import({DelegatingWebMvcConfiguration.class})

    public @interface EnableWebMvc {

    }

    [2].DelegatingWebMvcConfiguration

     

    @Configuration(

        proxyBeanMethods = false

    )

    public class DelegatingWebMvcConfiguration extends WebMvcConfigurationSupport {

    [3].WebMvcAutoConfiguration

    @Configuration(

        proxyBeanMethods = false

    )

    @ConditionalOnWebApplication(

        type = Type.SERVLET

    )

    @ConditionalOnClass({Servlet.class, DispatcherServlet.class, WebMvcConfigurer.class})

    //容器中没有这个组件的时候,这个自动配置类才生效

    @ConditionalOnMissingBean({WebMvcConfigurationSupport.class})

    @AutoConfigureOrder(-2147483638)

    @AutoConfigureAfter({DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration.class, TaskExecutionAutoConfiguration.class, ValidationAutoConfiguration.class})

    public class WebMvcAutoConfiguration {

    [4].@EnableWebMvc将WebMvcConfigurationSupport组件导入进来

    [5].导入的WebMvcConfigurationSupport只是SpringMVC最基本的功能

    5.修改SpringBoot的默认配置

    模式:

    (1).SpringBoot在自动配置很多组件的时候,先看容器中有没有用户自己配置的(@Bean、@Component)如果有就用用户配置的,如果没有,才自动配置;如果有些组件可以有多个(ViewResolver)将用户配置的和自己默认的组合起来;

    (2).在SpringBoot中有非常多的xxxConfigurer帮助我们进行扩展配置

    (3).在SpringBoot中v  有很多的xxxCustomizer帮助我们进行定制配置

    6.RestfulCRUD

    (1).访问首页(默认)

    //使用 WebMvcConfigurer可以来扩展SpringMVC功能

    //因为WebMvcConfigurerAdapter已经过时,所以我们使用接口WebMvcConfigurer替代

    //@EnableWebMvc

    @Configuration

    public class MyMvcConfig implements WebMvcConfigurer {

        @Override

        public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {

            //super.addViewControllers(registry)

            //浏览器发送/pluto请求来到success

            registry.addViewController("/pluto").setViewName("success");

        }

     

        //所有的WebMvcConfigurer组件会一起起作用

        //@Bean将组件注册在容器中

        @Bean

     

        public WebMvcConfigurer webMvcConfigurer(){

            WebMvcConfigurer  dapter = new WebMvcConfigurer() {

                @Override

                public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {

                    registry.addViewController("/").setViewName("login");

                    registry.addViewController("/index.html").setViewName("login");

                }

            };

           return dapter;

        }

    }

    (2).国际化

    [1].编写国际化配置文件

    [2].使用ResourceBundleMessageSource管理国际化资源文件

    [3].在页面使用fmt:message取出国际化内容

    实现步骤:

    [1].编写国际化配置文件

    #login_zh_CN.properties

    login.btn=登录

    login.password=密码

    login.remember=记住我

    login.tip=请登录

    login.username=用户名

     

    #login_en_US.properties

    login.btn=Sing In

    login.password=Password

    login.remember=remember me

    login.tip=Please sign in

    login.username=UserName

     

    #login.properties

    login.btn=登录~

    login.password=密码~

    login.remember=记住我~

    login.tip=请登录~

    login.username=用户名~

     

    [2].SpringBoot自动配置好了管理国际化资源文件的组件

    @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.messages")

    public class MessageSourceAutoConfiguration {

        

        /**

    * Comma-separated list of basenames (essentially a fully-qualified classpath

    * location), each following the ResourceBundle convention with relaxed support for

    * slash based locations. If it doesn't contain a package qualifier (such as

    * "org.mypackage"), it will be resolved from the classpath root.

    */

    private String basename = "messages";  

        //我们的配置文件可以直接放在类路径下叫messages.properties;

        

        @Bean

    public MessageSource messageSource() {

    ResourceBundleMessageSource messageSource = new ResourceBundleMessageSource();

    if (StringUtils.hasText(this.basename)) {

                //设置国际化资源文件的基础名(去掉语言国家代码的)

    messageSource.setBasenames(StringUtils.commaDelimitedListToStringArray(

    StringUtils.trimAllWhitespace(this.basename)));

    }

    if (this.encoding != null) {

    messageSource.setDefaultEncoding(this.encoding.name());

    }

    messageSource.setFallbackToSystemLocale(this.fallbackToSystemLocale);

    messageSource.setCacheSeconds(this.cacheSeconds);

    messageSource.setAlwaysUseMessageFormat(this.alwaysUseMessageFormat);

    return messageSource;

    }

    [3].取出国际化内容

    <!DOCTYPE html>

    <html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">

       <head>

          <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">

          <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, shrink-to-fit=no">

          <meta name="description" content="">

          <meta name="author" content="">

          <title>Signin Template for Bootstrap</title>

          <!-- Bootstrap core CSS -->

          <link href="asserts/css/bootstrap.min.css" th:href="@{/webjars/bootstrap/4.0.0/css/bootstrap.css}" rel="stylesheet">

          <!-- Custom styles for this template -->

          <link href="asserts/css/signin.css" th:href="@{/asserts/css/signin.css}" rel="stylesheet">

       </head>

     

       <body class="text-center">

          <form class="form-signin" action="dashboard.html">

             <img class="mb-4" th:src="@{asserts/img/bootstrap-solid.svg}" src="asserts/img/bootstrap-solid.svg" alt="" width="72" height="72">

             <h1 class="h3 mb-3 font-weight-normal" th:text="#{login.tip}">Please sign in</h1>

             <label class="sr-only" th:text="#{login.username}">Username</label>

             <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="Username" th:placeholder="#{login.username}" required="" autofocus="">

             <label class="sr-only" th:text="#{login.password}">Password</label>

             <input type="password" class="form-control" placeholder="Password" th:placeholder="#{login.password}" required="">

             <div class="checkbox mb-3">

                <label>

              <input type="checkbox" value="remember-me"[[#{login.remember}]]

            </label>

             </div>

             <button class="btn btn-lg btn-primary btn-block" type="submit" th:text="#{login.btn}">Sign in</button>

             <p class="mt-5 mb-3 text-muted">© 2017-2018</p>

             <a class="btn btn-sm">中文</a>

             <a class="btn btn-sm">English</a>

          </form>

     

       </body>

     

    </html>

      如果出现乱码的现象,那么只需要重新改下编码就行。可以设置全局配置,也可以设置项目配置。以下是全局配置

     

      效果:根据浏览器语言设置的信息切换了国际化

    原理解析:国际化Locale(区域信息对象);LocaleResolver(获取区域信息对象)

    @Bean

    @ConditionalOnMissingBean

    @ConditionalOnProperty(prefix = "spring.mvc", name = "locale")

    public LocaleResolver localeResolver() {

    if (this.mvcProperties

    .getLocaleResolver() == WebMvcProperties.LocaleResolver.FIXED) {

    return new FixedLocaleResolver(this.mvcProperties.getLocale());

    }

    AcceptHeaderLocaleResolver localeResolver = new AcceptHeaderLocaleResolver();

    localeResolver.setDefaultLocale(this.mvcProperties.getLocale());

    return localeResolver;

    }

    默认的就是根据请求头带来的区域信息获取Locale进行国际化

    [4].点击链接切换国际化

    /**

     * 可以在连接上携带区域信息

     */

    public class MyLocaleResolver implements LocaleResolver {

        

        @Override

        public Locale resolveLocale(HttpServletRequest request) {

            String l = request.getParameter("l");

            Locale locale = Locale.getDefault();

            if(!StringUtils.isEmpty(l)){

                String[] split = l.split("_");

                locale = new Locale(split[0],split[1]);

            }

            return locale;

        }

     

        @Override

        public void setLocale(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Locale locale) {

     

        }

    }

     

     

     @Bean

        public LocaleResolver localeResolver(){

            return new MyLocaleResolver();

        }

    }

    (3).登录

      开发期间模板引擎页面修改以后,如果想实时生效,需要执行以下两个步骤

    [1].禁用模板引擎的缓存

    # 禁用缓存

    spring.thymeleaf.cache=false

    [2].重新编译

    页面修改完成以后ctrl+f9

     

    登陆错误消息的显示

    <p style="color: red" th:text="${msg}" th:if="${not #strings.isEmpty(msg)}"></p>

    防止表单重复提交的办法:重定向

    #LoginController.java

    if(!StringUtils.isEmpty(username)&& "123456".equals(password)){

        //登录成功 防止表单重复提交,可以重定向到主页

        return "redirect:/main.html";

    #MyMvcConfig.java

    //所有的WebMvcConfigurer组件会一起起作用

    //@Bean将组件注册在容器中

    @Bean

    public WebMvcConfigurer webMvcConfigurer(){

        WebMvcConfigurer  dapter = new WebMvcConfigurer() {

            @Override

            public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {

                registry.addViewController("/").setViewName("login");

                registry.addViewController("/index.html").setViewName("login");

                registry.addViewController("/main.html").setViewName("dashboard");

            }

        };

       return dapter;

    }

    (4).拦截器进行登陆检查

    [1].拦截器

    /**

     * 登录检查

     */

    public class LoginHandlerInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor{

        //目标方法执行之前

        @Override

        public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception {

            Object user = request.getSession().getAttribute("loginUser");

            if(user==null){

                //未登录 返回登录页面

                request.setAttribute("msg","没有权限请先登录");

                request.getRequestDispatcher("/index.html").forward(request,response);

                return false;

            }else {

                //已登录 放行请求

                return true;

            }

        }

    }

    [2].注册拦截器

    //所有的WebMvcConfigurer组件会一起起作用

    //@Bean将组件注册在容器中

    @Bean

    public WebMvcConfigurer webMvcConfigurer(){

        WebMvcConfigurer  dapter = new WebMvcConfigurer() {

            @Override

            public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {

                registry.addViewController("/").setViewName("login");

                registry.addViewController("/index.html").setViewName("login");

                registry.addViewController("/main.html").setViewName("dashboard");

            }

     

            //注册拦截器

            @Override

            public void addInterceptors(InterceptorRegistry registry) {

                //super.addInterceptors(registry);

                //静态资源 *.css *.js

                //springboot已经做了静态资源映射

                registry.addInterceptor(new LoginHandlerInterceptor()).addPathPatterns("/**")

                        .excludePathPatterns("/index.html","/","/user/login");

            }

     

        };

     

     

       return dapter;

    }

    (5).CRUD-员工列表

    [1].需求分析

      RestfulCRUD:CRUD满足Rest风格;

      URI:/资源名称/资源标识  HTTP请求方式区分对资源CRUD操作

     

     

    普通CRUD(uri来区分操作)

    RestfulCRUD

    查询

    getEmp

    emp---GET

    添加

    addEmp?xxx

    emp---POST

    修改

    updateEmp?id=xxx&xxx=xx

    emp/{id}---PUT

    删除

    deleteEmp?id=1

    emp/{id}---DELETE

    [2].实验的请求架构

    实验功能

    请求URI

    请求方式

    查询所有员工

    emps

    GET

    查询某个员工(来到修改页面)

    emp/1

    GET

    来到添加页面

    emp

    GET

    添加员工

    emp

    POST

    来到修改页面(查出员工进行信息回显)

    emp/1

    GET

    修改员工

    emp

    PUT

    删除员工

    emp/1

    DELETE

    [3].员工列表

      thymeleaf公共页面元素抽取

    1、抽取公共片段

    <div th:fragment="copy">

    © 2011 The Good Thymes Virtual Grocery

    </div>

     

    2、引入公共片段

    <div th:insert="~{footer :: copy}"></div>

    ~{templatename::selector}:模板名::选择器

    ~{templatename::fragmentname}:模板名::片段名

     

    3、默认效果:

    insert的公共片段在div标签中

    如果使用th:insert等属性进行引入,可以不用写~{}:

    行内写法可以加上:[[~{}]];[(~{})];

    三种引入公共片段的th属性:

      th:insert:将公共片段整个插入到声明引入的元素中

      th:replace:将声明引入的元素替换为公共片段

      th:include:将被引入的片段的内容包含进这个标签中

    <footer th:fragment="copy">

    © 2011 The Good Thymes Virtual Grocery

    </footer>

     

    引入方式

    <div th:insert="footer :: copy"></div>

    <div th:replace="footer :: copy"></div>

    <div th:include="footer :: copy"></div>

     

    效果

    <div>

        <footer>

        © 2011 The Good Thymes Virtual Grocery

        </footer>

    </div>

     

    <footer>

    © 2011 The Good Thymes Virtual Grocery

    </footer>

     

    <div>

    © 2011 The Good Thymes Virtual Grocery

    </div>

      

    引入片段的时候传入参数

    <nav class="col-md-2 d-none d-md-block bg-light sidebar" id="sidebar">

        <div class="sidebar-sticky">

            <ul class="nav flex-column">

                <li class="nav-item">

                    <a class="nav-link active"

                       th:class="${activeUri=='main.html'?'nav-link active':'nav-link'}"

                       href="#" th:href="@{/main.html}">

                        <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="feather feather-home">

                            <path d="M3 9l9-7 9 7v11a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H5a2 2 0 0 1-2-2z"></path>

                            <polyline points="9 22 9 12 15 12 15 22"></polyline>

                        </svg>

                        Dashboard <span class="sr-only">(current)</span>

                    </a>

                </li>

     

    <!--引入侧边栏;传入参数-->

    <div th:replace="commons/bar::#sidebar(activeUri='emps')"></div>

    (6).CRUD-员工添加

    templates/emp/add.html

    <form>

        <div class="form-group">

            <label>LastName</label>

            <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="zhangsan">

        </div>

        <div class="form-group">

            <label>Email</label>

            <input type="email" class="form-control" placeholder="zhangsan@atguigu.com">

        </div>

        <div class="form-group">

            <label>Gender</label><br/>

            <div class="form-check form-check-inline">

                <input class="form-check-input" type="radio" name="gender"  value="1">

                <label class="form-check-label">男</label>

            </div>

            <div class="form-check form-check-inline">

                <input class="form-check-input" type="radio" name="gender"  value="0">

                <label class="form-check-label">女</label>

            </div>

        </div>

        <div class="form-group">

            <label>department</label>

            <select class="form-control">

                <option>1</option>

                <option>2</option>

                <option>3</option>

                <option>4</option>

                <option>5</option>

            </select>

        </div>

        <div class="form-group">

            <label>Birth</label>

            <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="zhangsan">

        </div>

        <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">添加</button>

    </form>

    [1].格式问题

      若提交的日期格式不对,则会出现404

     

      SpringMVC将页面提交的值需要转换为指定的类型

    spring:

      mvc:

        format:

          date: yyyy-MM-dd

    (7).CRUD-员工修改

    <!--需要区分是员工修改还是添加;-->

    <form th:action="@{/emp}" method="post">

        <!--发送put请求修改员工数据-->

        <!--

    1、SpringMVC中配置HiddenHttpMethodFilter;(SpringBoot自动配置好的)

    2、页面创建一个post表单

    3、创建一个input项,name="_method";值就是我们指定的请求方式

    -->

        <input type="hidden" name="_method" value="put" th:if="${emp!=null}"/>

        <input type="hidden" name="id" th:if="${emp!=null}" th:value="${emp.id}">

        <div class="form-group">

            <label>LastName</label>

            <input name="lastName" type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="zhangsan" th:value="${emp!=null}?${emp.lastName}">

        </div>

        <div class="form-group">

            <label>Email</label>

            <input name="email" type="email" class="form-control" placeholder="zhangsan@atguigu.com" th:value="${emp!=null}?${emp.email}">

        </div>

        <div class="form-group">

            <label>Gender</label><br/>

            <div class="form-check form-check-inline">

                <input class="form-check-input" type="radio" name="gender" value="1" th:checked="${emp!=null}?${emp.gender==1}">

                <label class="form-check-label">男</label>

            </div>

            <div class="form-check form-check-inline">

                <input class="form-check-input" type="radio" name="gender" value="0" th:checked="${emp!=null}?${emp.gender==0}">

                <label class="form-check-label">女</label>

            </div>

        </div>

        <div class="form-group">

            <label>department</label>

            <!--提交的是部门的id-->

            <select class="form-control" name="department.id">

                <option th:selected="${emp!=null}?${dept.id == emp.department.id}" th:value="${dept.id}" th:each="dept:${depts}" th:text="${dept.departmentName}">1</option>

            </select>

        </div>

        <div class="form-group">

            <label>Birth</label>

            <input name="birth" type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="zhangsan" th:value="${emp!=null}?${#dates.format(emp.birth, 'yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm')}">

        </div>

        <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary" th:text="${emp!=null}?'修改':'添加'">添加</button>

    </form>

    (8).CRUD-员工删除

    <tr th:each="emp:${emps}">

        <td th:text="${emp.id}"></td>

        <td>[[${emp.lastName}]]</td>

        <td th:text="${emp.email}"></td>

        <td th:text="${emp.gender}==0?'女':'男'"></td>

        <td th:text="${emp.department.departmentName}"></td>

        <td th:text="${#dates.format(emp.birth, 'yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm')}"></td>

        <td>

            <a class="btn btn-sm btn-primary" th:href="@{/emp/}+${emp.id}">编辑</a>

            <button th:attr="del_uri=@{/emp/}+${emp.id}" class="btn btn-sm btn-danger deleteBtn">删除</button>

        </td>

    </tr>

     

     

    <script>

        $(".deleteBtn").click(function(){

            //删除当前员工的

            $("#deleteEmpForm").attr("action",$(this).attr("del_uri")).submit();

            return false;

        });

    </script>

     7.错误处理机制

    (1).SpringBoot默认的错误处理机制

    [1].默认效果

      浏览器:返回一个默认的错误页面

     

      浏览器发送请求的请求头

     

      其它客户端:默认响应一个json数据

     

     

     

    [2].原理

      ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration:错误处理自动配置

     

    1].DefaultErrorAttributes

    帮我们在页面共享信息;

    @Override

    public Map<String, Object> getErrorAttributes(RequestAttributes requestAttributes,

    boolean includeStackTrace) {

    Map<String, Object> errorAttributes = new LinkedHashMap<String, Object>();

    errorAttributes.put("timestamp", new Date());

    addStatus(errorAttributes, requestAttributes);

    addErrorDetails(errorAttributes, requestAttributes, includeStackTrace);

    addPath(errorAttributes, requestAttributes);

    return errorAttributes;

    }

    2].BasicErrorController

     

    @Controller

    @RequestMapping({"${server.error.path:${error.path:/error}}"})

    public class BasicErrorController extends AbstractErrorController {

        private final ErrorProperties errorProperties;

    #产生html类型的数据,浏览器发送的请求来到这个方法处理

    @RequestMapping(

        produces = {"text/html"}

    )

    public ModelAndView errorHtml(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) {

        HttpStatus status = this.getStatus(request);

        Map<String, Object> model = Collections.unmodifiableMap(this.getErrorAttributes(request, this.getErrorAttributeOptions(request, MediaType.TEXT_HTML)));

        response.setStatus(status.value());

        //到那个页面作为错误页面;包含页面地址和页面内容

        ModelAndView modelAndView = this.resolveErrorView(request, response, status, model);

        return modelAndView != null ? modelAndView : new ModelAndView("error", model);

    }

     

    #产生json数据,其他客户端来到这个方法处理

    @RequestMapping

    public ResponseEntity<Map<String, Object>> error(HttpServletRequest request) {

        HttpStatus status = this.getStatus(request);

        if (status == HttpStatus.NO_CONTENT) {

            return new ResponseEntity(status);

        } else {

            Map<String, Object> body = this.getErrorAttributes(request, this.getErrorAttributeOptions(request, MediaType.ALL));

            return new ResponseEntity(body, status);

        }

    }

     

    3].ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration.ErrorPageCustomizer

     

    #系统出现错误后到error请求进行处理

    #web.xml注册的错误页面规则

    public class ErrorProperties {

        @Value("${error.path:/error}")

        private String path = "/error";

     

    4].DefaultErrorViewResolverConfiguration

     

    @Override

    public ModelAndView resolveErrorView(HttpServletRequest request, HttpStatus status,

    Map<String, Object> model) {

    ModelAndView modelAndView = resolve(String.valueOf(status), model);

    if (modelAndView == null && SERIES_VIEWS.containsKey(status.series())) {

    modelAndView = resolve(SERIES_VIEWS.get(status.series()), model);

    }

    return modelAndView;

    }

     

    private ModelAndView resolve(String viewName, Map<String, Object> model) {

            //默认SpringBoot可以去找到一个页面?  error/404

    String errorViewName = "error/" + viewName;

            

            //模板引擎可以解析这个页面地址就用模板引擎解析

    TemplateAvailabilityProvider provider = this.templateAvailabilityProviders

    .getProvider(errorViewName, this.applicationContext);

    if (provider != null) {

                //模板引擎可用的情况下返回到errorViewName指定的视图地址

    return new ModelAndView(errorViewName, model);

    }

            //模板引擎不可用,就在静态资源文件夹下找errorViewName对应的页面   error/404.html

    return resolveResource(errorViewName, model);

    }

    [3].步骤

    系统出现4xx或者5xx的错误;ErrorPageCustomizer就会生效(定制错误的响应规则);来到/error请求;被BasicErrorController处理;

    1].响应页面

      页面是由DefaultErrorViewResolver解析得到的

    protected ModelAndView resolveErrorView(HttpServletRequest request,

          HttpServletResponse response, HttpStatus status, Map<String, Object> model) {

        //所有的ErrorViewResolver得到ModelAndView

       for (ErrorViewResolver resolver : this.errorViewResolvers) {

          ModelAndView modelAndView = resolver.resolveErrorView(request, status, model);

          if (modelAndView != null) {

             return modelAndView;

          }

       }

       return null;

    }

    (2).定制错误响应

    [1].如何定制错误页面

    1].模板引擎存在

      有模板引擎的情况下;error/状态码;将错误页面命名为  错误状态码.html 放在模板引擎文件夹里面的 error文件夹下

     

      我们可以使用4xx和5xx作为错误页面的文件名来匹配这种类型的所有错误,精确优先(优先寻找精确的状态码.html);

      页面能获取的信息

     

     

    timestamp

    时间戳

    status

    状态码

    error

    错误提示

    exception

    异常对象

    message

    异常消息

    errors

    JSR303数据校验的错误

     

    2].模板引擎不存在

      模板引擎找不到这个错误页面,静态资源文件夹下找;

     

    3].其它

      以上都没有错误页面,就是默认来到SpringBoot默认的错误提示页面;

    [2].如何定制错误json数据

    1].自定义异常处理&返回定制json数据

    8.配置嵌入式Servlet容器

      SpringBoot默认使用Tomcat作为嵌入式的Servlet容器

     

    (1).定制|修改Servlet容器配置

    [1].修改server相关配置(ServerProperties)  

    server.port=8081

    server.context-path=/crud

    server.tomcat.uri-encoding=UTF-8

     

    //通用的Servlet容器设置

    server.xxx

    //Tomcat的设置

    server.tomcat.xxx

     

    [2].WebServerFactoryCustomizer

      编写WebServerFactoryCustomizer:嵌入式Servlet容器定制器;修改Servlet容器的配置

    //spring1.0支持 EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer

    //spring2.0支持 webServerFactoryCustomizer

    //参考文档:https://blog.csdn.net/Stitch__/article/details/88751497

    @Bean

    public WebServerFactoryCustomizer webServerFactoryCustomizer(){

     

        return new WebServerFactoryCustomizer <ConfigurableWebServerFactory>() {

     

            //定制嵌入式的servlet容器相关规则

            @Override

            public void customize(ConfigurableWebServerFactory factory) {

                factory.setPort(8088);

            }

        };

    }

     

    (2).注册Servlet三大组件(Servlet、Filter、Listener)

      注册三大组件用以下方式:ServletRegistrationBean、FilterRegistrationBean、ServletListenerRegistrationBean

    [1].ServletRegistrationBean

    @Bean

    public FilterRegistrationBean myFilter(){

        FilterRegistrationBean registrationBean = new FilterRegistrationBean();

        registrationBean.setFilter(new MyFilter());

        registrationBean.setUrlPatterns(Arrays.asList("/hello","/myServlet"));

        return registrationBean;

    }

    [2].FilterRegistrationBean

    @Bean

    public FilterRegistrationBean myFilter(){

        FilterRegistrationBean registrationBean = new FilterRegistrationBean();

        registrationBean.setFilter(new MyFilter());

        registrationBean.setUrlPatterns(Arrays.asList("/hello","/myServlet"));

        return registrationBean;

    }

    [3].ServletListenerRegistrationBean

    @Bean

    public ServletListenerRegistrationBean myListener(){

        ServletListenerRegistrationBean<MyListener> registrationBean = new ServletListenerRegistrationBean(new MyListener());

        return registrationBean;

    }

      SpringBoot帮我们自动SpringMVC的时候,自动的注册SpringMVC的前端控制器;DIspatcherServlet;

        @Bean(

            name = {"dispatcherServletRegistration"}

        )

        @ConditionalOnBean(

            value = {DispatcherServlet.class},

            name = {"dispatcherServlet"}

        )

        public DispatcherServletRegistrationBean dispatcherServletRegistration(DispatcherServlet dispatcherServlet, WebMvcProperties webMvcProperties, ObjectProvider<MultipartConfigElement> multipartConfig) {

            DispatcherServletRegistrationBean registration = new DispatcherServletRegistrationBean(dispatcherServlet, webMvcProperties.getServlet().getPath());

            //默认拦截:/ 所有请求 包括静态资源 但是不拦截jsp  /*会拦截jsp

            //可以通过server.serverletPath修改SrpingMVC前段控制器默认拦截的请求

            registration.setName("dispatcherServlet");

            registration.setLoadOnStartup(webMvcProperties.getServlet().getLoadOnStartup());

            multipartConfig.ifAvailable(registration::setMultipartConfig);

            return registration;

        }

    }

    (3).springboot使用其它servlet容器

     

     

     [1].tomcat

      Tomcat(默认使用)

    <dependency>

       <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>

       <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>

       引入web模块默认就是使用嵌入式的Tomcat作为Servlet容器;

    </dependency>

    [2].Jetty

      目前只在springboot1.5.10版本上可以成功,spring2.0版本的都有错误

     

    <!-- 引入web模块 -->

    <dependency>

       <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>

       <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>

       <exclusions>

          <exclusion>

             <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>

             <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>

          </exclusion>

       </exclusions>

    </dependency>

     

    <!--引入其他的Servlet容器-->

    <dependency>

       <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jetty</artifactId>

       <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>

    </dependency>

    [3].Undertow

      Undertow在springBoot1.5.10和SpringBoot2.0都成功运行

    <!-- 引入web模块 -->

    <dependency>

       <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>

       <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>

       <exclusions>

          <exclusion>

             <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>

             <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>

          </exclusion>

       </exclusions>

    </dependency>

     

    <!--引入其他的Servlet容器-->

    <dependency>

       <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-undertow</artifactId>

       <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>

    </dependency>

    (4).嵌入式Servlet容器自动配置原理

    [1].SpringBoot1.5.10版本

      EmbeddedServletContainerAutoConfiguration:嵌入式的Servlet容器自动配置

    @AutoConfigureOrder(Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE)

    @Configuration

    @ConditionalOnWebApplication

    @Import(BeanPostProcessorsRegistrar.class)

    //导入BeanPostProcessorsRegistrar:Spring注解版;给容器中导入一些组件

    //导入了EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizerBeanPostProcessor:

    //后置处理器:bean初始化前后(创建完对象,还没赋值赋值)执行初始化工作

    public class EmbeddedServletContainerAutoConfiguration {

        

        @Configuration

    @ConditionalOnClass({ Servlet.class, Tomcat.class })//判断当前是否引入了Tomcat依赖;

    @ConditionalOnMissingBean(value = EmbeddedServletContainerFactory.class, search = SearchStrategy.CURRENT)//判断当前容器没有用户自己定义EmbeddedServletContainerFactory:嵌入式的Servlet容器工厂;作用:创建嵌入式的Servlet容器

    public static class EmbeddedTomcat {

     

    @Bean

    public TomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory tomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory() {

      return new TomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory();

       }

     

    }

        

        /**

    * Nested configuration if Jetty is being used.

    */

    @Configuration

    @ConditionalOnClass({ Servlet.class, Server.class, Loader.class,

    WebAppContext.class })

    @ConditionalOnMissingBean(value = EmbeddedServletContainerFactory.class, search = SearchStrategy.CURRENT)

    public static class EmbeddedJetty {

     

    @Bean

    public JettyEmbeddedServletContainerFactory jettyEmbeddedServletContainerFactory() {

        return new JettyEmbeddedServletContainerFactory();

      }

     

    }

     

    /**

    * Nested configuration if Undertow is being used.

    */

    @Configuration

    @ConditionalOnClass({ Servlet.class, Undertow.class, SslClientAuthMode.class })

    @ConditionalOnMissingBean(value = EmbeddedServletContainerFactory.class, search = SearchStrategy.CURRENT)

    public static class EmbeddedUndertow {

     

    @Bean

    public UndertowEmbeddedServletContainerFactory undertowEmbeddedServletContainerFactory() {

        return new UndertowEmbeddedServletContainerFactory();

      }

     

    }

    1].EmbeddedServletContainerFactory

      EmbeddedServletContainerFactory:嵌入式Servlet容器工厂

     

    public interface EmbeddedServletContainerFactory {

     

       //获取嵌入式的Servlet容器

       EmbeddedServletContainer getEmbeddedServletContainer(

             ServletContextInitializer... initializers);

     

    }

    2].EmbeddedServletContainer

      EmbeddedServletContainer:嵌入式的Servlet容器

     

    3].TomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory  

    @Override

    public EmbeddedServletContainer getEmbeddedServletContainer(

          ServletContextInitializer... initializers) {

        //创建一个Tomcat

       Tomcat tomcat = new Tomcat();

        

        //配置Tomcat的基本环节

       File baseDir = (this.baseDirectory != null ? this.baseDirectory

             : createTempDir("tomcat"));

       tomcat.setBaseDir(baseDir.getAbsolutePath());

       Connector connector = new Connector(this.protocol);

       tomcat.getService().addConnector(connector);

       customizeConnector(connector);

       tomcat.setConnector(connector);

       tomcat.getHost().setAutoDeploy(false);

       configureEngine(tomcat.getEngine());

       for (Connector additionalConnector : this.additionalTomcatConnectors) {

          tomcat.getService().addConnector(additionalConnector);

       }

       prepareContext(tomcat.getHost(), initializers);

        

        //将配置好的Tomcat传入进去,返回一个EmbeddedServletContainer;并且启动Tomcat服务器

       return getTomcatEmbeddedServletContainer(tomcat);

    }

    4].嵌入式容器配置修改

      对嵌入式容器的配置修改是需要一下支持生效

    ServerProperties、EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer

    5]修改原理

      EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizerBeanPostProcessor

      容器中导入了EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizerBeanPostProcessor

    //初始化之前

    @Override

    public Object postProcessBeforeInitialization(Object bean, String beanName)

          throws BeansException {

        //如果当前初始化的是一个ConfigurableEmbeddedServletContainer类型的组件

       if (bean instanceof ConfigurableEmbeddedServletContainer) {

           //

          postProcessBeforeInitialization((ConfigurableEmbeddedServletContainer) bean);

       }

       return bean;

    }

     

    private void postProcessBeforeInitialization(

    ConfigurableEmbeddedServletContainer bean) {

        //获取所有的定制器,调用每一个定制器的customize方法来给Servlet容器进行属性赋值;

        for (EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer customizer : getCustomizers()) {

            customizer.customize(bean);

        }

    }

     

    private Collection<EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer> getCustomizers() {

        if (this.customizers == null) {

            // Look up does not include the parent context

            this.customizers = new ArrayList<EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer>(

                this.beanFactory

                //从容器中获取所有这葛类型的组件:EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer

                //定制Servlet容器,给容器中可以添加一个EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer类型的组件

                .getBeansOfType(EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer.class,

                                false, false)

                .values());

            Collections.sort(this.customizers, AnnotationAwareOrderComparator.INSTANCE);

            this.customizers = Collections.unmodifiableList(this.customizers);

        }

        return this.customizers;

    }

     

    ServerProperties也是定制器

    6].步骤

    1).SpringBoot根据导入的依赖情况,给容器中添加相应的

    EmbeddedServletContainerFactory【TomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory】

     

    2).容器中某个组件要创建对象就会惊动后置处理器

    EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizerBeanPostProcessor;只要是嵌入式的Servlet容器工厂,后置处理器就工作;

     

    3).后置处理器,从容器中获取所有的EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer,调用定制器的定制方法

    [2].SpringBoot2.0版本

    (5).嵌入式Servlet容器启动原理

    问题:

    ①.何时创建嵌入式的Servlet容器工厂

    ②.何时获取嵌入式的Servlet容器并启动Tomcat

    [1].获取嵌入式的Servlet容器工厂

    1].SpringBoot应用启动运行run方法

     

    2].refreshContext

      refreshContext(context);

      SpringBoot刷新IOC容器【创建IOC容器对象,并初始化容器,创建容器中的每一个组件】;

      如果是web应用创建AnnotationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext,否则:AnnotationConfigApplicationContext

    3].refresh

      refresh(context);

      refresh刷新刚才创建好的ioc容器;

    public void refresh() throws BeansException, IllegalStateException {

       synchronized (this.startupShutdownMonitor) {

          // Prepare this context for refreshing.

          prepareRefresh();

     

          // Tell the subclass to refresh the internal bean factory.

          ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory = obtainFreshBeanFactory();

     

          // Prepare the bean factory for use in this context.

          prepareBeanFactory(beanFactory);

     

          try {

             // Allows post-processing of the bean factory in context subclasses.

             postProcessBeanFactory(beanFactory);

     

             // Invoke factory processors registered as beans in the context.

             invokeBeanFactoryPostProcessors(beanFactory);

     

             // Register bean processors that intercept bean creation.

             registerBeanPostProcessors(beanFactory);

     

             // Initialize message source for this context.

             initMessageSource();

     

             // Initialize event multicaster for this context.

             initApplicationEventMulticaster();

     

             // Initialize other special beans in specific context subclasses.

             onRefresh();

     

             // Check for listener beans and register them.

             registerListeners();

     

             // Instantiate all remaining (non-lazy-init) singletons.

             finishBeanFactoryInitialization(beanFactory);

     

             // Last step: publish corresponding event.

             finishRefresh();

          }

     

          catch (BeansException ex) {

             if (logger.isWarnEnabled()) {

                logger.warn("Exception encountered during context initialization - " +

                      "cancelling refresh attempt: " + ex);

             }

     

             // Destroy already created singletons to avoid dangling resources.

             destroyBeans();

     

             // Reset 'active' flag.

             cancelRefresh(ex);

     

             // Propagate exception to caller.

             throw ex;

          }

     

          finally {

             // Reset common introspection caches in Spring's core, since we

             // might not ever need metadata for singleton beans anymore...

             resetCommonCaches();

          }

       }

    }

    4].onRefresh

      onRefresh()web的ioc容器重写了onRefresh方法

    5].createEmbeddedServletContainer

      webioc容器会创建嵌入式的Servlet容器;

      createEmbeddedServletContainer();

     

    6].获取嵌入式的Servlet容器工厂

      EmbeddedServletContainerFactory containerFactory = getEmbeddedServletContainerFactory();

      ioc容器中获取EmbeddedServletContainerFactory 组件;TomcatEmbeddedServletContainerFactory创建对象,后置处理器一看是这个对象,就获取所有的定制器来先定制Servlet容器的相关配置;

    7].使用容器工厂获取嵌入式的Servlet容器

    this.embeddedServletContainer = containerFactory.getEmbeddedServletContainer(getSelfInitializer());

    8].嵌入式的Servlet容器创建对象并启动Servlet容器

      先启动嵌入式的Servlet容器,再将ioc容器中剩下没有创建出的对象获取出来

      IOC容器启动创建嵌入式的Servlet容器

    9.外置Servlet容器

      嵌入式Servlet容器:应用打成可执行的jar

      嵌入式Servlet容器优点:简单、便携

      嵌入式Servlet容器缺点:默认不支持JSP、优化定制比较复杂(使用定制器[ServerProperties、自定义EmbeddedServletContainerCustomizer[,自己编写嵌入式Servlet容器的创建工厂[EmbeddedServletContainerFactory[);

      外置式Servlet容器:外面安装Tomcat---应用war包的方式打包;

    (1).步骤

    [1].创建war项目

      利用idea创建好目录结构

    [2].修改pom文件

      将嵌入式的Tomcat指定为provided

    <dependency>

       <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>

       <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>

       <scope>provided</scope>

    </dependency>

    [3].SpringBootServletInitializer

      编写一个SpringBootServletInitializer的子类,并调用configure方法

    public class ServletInitializer extends SpringBootServletInitializer {

     

       @Override

       protected SpringApplicationBuilder configure(SpringApplicationBuilder application) {

           //传入SpringBoot应用的主程序

          return application.sources(SpringBoot04WebJspApplication.class);

       }

     

    }

    [4].启动服务器

    (2).原理

      jar包:执行SpringBoot主类main方法,启动ioc容器,创建嵌入式Servlet容器;

      war包:启动服务器,服务器启动SpringBoot应用[SpringBootServletInitializer],启动ioc容器;

     

    [1].规则

    1].服务器启动(web应用启动)会创建当前web应用里面每一个jar包里面ServletContainerInitializer实例

     

    2].ServletContainerInitializer的实现放在jar包的META-INF/services文件夹下,有一个名为javax.servlet.ServletContainerInitializer的文件,内容就是ServletContainerInitializer的实现类的全类名

     

    3].使用@HandlesTypes,在应用启动的时候加载需要的类;

    [2].流程

    1].启动Tomcat

    2].orgspringframeworkspring-web4.3.14.RELEASEspring-web-4.3.14.RELEASE.jar!META-INFservicesjavax.servlet.ServletContainerInitializer:

      Spring的web模块里面有这个文件:

    org.springframework.web.SpringServletContainerInitializer

    3].SpringServletContainerInitializer

    将@HandlesTypes(WebApplicationInitializer.class)标注的所有这个类型的类都传入到onStartup方法的Set<Class<?>>;为这些WebApplicationInitializer类型的类创建实例;

    4].每一个WebApplicationInitializer都调用自己的onStartup;

    5].相当于我们的SpringBootServletInitializer的类会被创建对象,并执行onStartup方法

    6].SpringBootServletInitializer实例执行onStartup的时候会createRootApplicationContext;创建容器

    protected WebApplicationContext createRootApplicationContext(

          ServletContext servletContext) {

        //1、创建SpringApplicationBuilder

       SpringApplicationBuilder builder = createSpringApplicationBuilder();

       StandardServletEnvironment environment = new StandardServletEnvironment();

       environment.initPropertySources(servletContext, null);

       builder.environment(environment);

       builder.main(getClass());

       ApplicationContext parent = getExistingRootWebApplicationContext(servletContext);

       if (parent != null) {

          this.logger.info("Root context already created (using as parent).");

          servletContext.setAttribute(

                WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE, null);

          builder.initializers(new ParentContextApplicationContextInitializer(parent));

       }

       builder.initializers(

             new ServletContextApplicationContextInitializer(servletContext));

       builder.contextClass(AnnotationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext.class);

        

        //调用configure方法,子类重写了这个方法,将SpringBoot的主程序类传入了进来

       builder = configure(builder);

        

        //使用builder创建一个Spring应用

       SpringApplication application = builder.build();

       if (application.getSources().isEmpty() && AnnotationUtils

             .findAnnotation(getClass(), Configuration.class) != null) {

          application.getSources().add(getClass());

       }

       Assert.state(!application.getSources().isEmpty(),

             "No SpringApplication sources have been defined. Either override the "

                   + "configure method or add an @Configuration annotation");

       // Ensure error pages are registered

       if (this.registerErrorPageFilter) {

          application.getSources().add(ErrorPageFilterConfiguration.class);

       }

        //启动Spring应用

       return run(application);

    }

    7].Spring的应用就启动并且创建IOC容器

    public ConfigurableApplicationContext run(String... args) {

       StopWatch stopWatch = new StopWatch();

       stopWatch.start();

       ConfigurableApplicationContext context = null;

       FailureAnalyzers analyzers = null;

       configureHeadlessProperty();

       SpringApplicationRunListeners listeners = getRunListeners(args);

       listeners.starting();

       try {

          ApplicationArguments applicationArguments = new DefaultApplicationArguments(

                args);

          ConfigurableEnvironment environment = prepareEnvironment(listeners,

                applicationArguments);

          Banner printedBanner = printBanner(environment);

          context = createApplicationContext();

          analyzers = new FailureAnalyzers(context);

          prepareContext(context, environment, listeners, applicationArguments,

                printedBanner);

           

           //刷新IOC容器

          refreshContext(context);

          afterRefresh(context, applicationArguments);

          listeners.finished(context, null);

          stopWatch.stop();

          if (this.logStartupInfo) {

             new StartupInfoLogger(this.mainApplicationClass)

                   .logStarted(getApplicationLog(), stopWatch);

          }

          return context;

       }

       catch (Throwable ex) {

          handleRunFailure(context, listeners, analyzers, ex);

          throw new IllegalStateException(ex);

       }

    }

    重要:启动Servlet容器,再启动SpringBoot应用

    参考文档

    http://www.webjars.org/

    https://www.thymeleaf.org/

    https://docs.spring.io/spring-boot/docs/1.5.9.RELEASE/reference/htmlsingle/#howto-use-thymeleaf-3

    https://github.com/thymeleaf/thymeleaf/releases

    https://github.com/ultraq/thymeleaf-layout-dialect/releases

    https://www.thymeleaf.org/documentation.html

    https://docs.spring.io/spring-boot/docs/1.5.10.RELEASE/reference/htmlsingle/#boot-features-developing-web-applications

     

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/HOsystem/p/14013787.html
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