Mutable reduction: A mutable reduction operation accumulates input elements into a mutable result container, such as a Collection or StringBuilder, as it processes the elements in the stream.
Regex——Regular Expression (正则表达式)
（Java regex 相关文档： https://docs.oracle.com/javase/7/docs/api/java/util/regex/Pattern.html）
A regular expression, specified as a string, must first be compiled into an instance of this class.
实际运用：Pattern.compile("regex: ...") // Compiles the given regular expression into a pattern.
Data Access Layer (DAL, 数据访问层)——A data access layer (DAL) in computer software, is a layer of a computer program which provides simplified access to data stored in persistent storage of some kind, such as an entity-relational database.（来源：维基百科）
Data Access Object(DAO, 数据访问对象)——In computer software, a data access object (DAO) is an object that provides an abstract interface to some type of database or other persistence mechanism. By mapping application calls to the persistence layer, the DAO provides some specific data operations without exposing details of the database. This isolation supports the Single responsibility principle. It separates what data access the application needs, in terms of domain-specific objects and data types (the public interface of the DAO), from how these needs can be satisfied with a specific DBMS, database schema, etc. (the implementation of the DAO).（来源：维基百科）
Service-oriented Architecture (SOA, 面向服务的体系结构)——A service-oriented architecture (SOA) is a style of software design where services are provided to the other components by application components, through a communication protocol over a network. The basic principles of service-oriented architecture are independent of vendors, products and technologies.[1] A service is a discrete unit of functionality that can be accessed remotely and acted upon and updated independently。
A service has four properties according to one of many definitions of SOA:
- It logically represents a business activity with a specified outcome.
- It is self-contained.
- It is a black box for its consumers.
- It may consist of other underlying services.
（来源：维基百科）
Plain old Java object (POJO)——In software engineering, a plain old Java object is an ordinary Java object, not bound by any special restriction and not requiring any class path.（来源：维基百科）
Remote procedure call——In distributed computing, a remote procedure call (RPC) is when a computer program causes a procedure (subroutine) to execute in a different address space (commonly on another computer on a shared network), which is coded as if it were a normal (local) procedure call, without the programmer explicitly coding the details for the remote interaction. That is, the programmer writes essentially the same code whether the subroutine is local to the executing program, or remote. This is a form of client–server interaction (caller is client, executor is server), typically implemented via a request–response message-passing system. In the object-oriented programming paradigm, RPC calls are represented by remote method invocation (RMI). The RPC model implies a level of location transparency, namely that calling procedures is largely the same whether it is local or remote, but usually they are not identical, so local calls can be distinguished from remote calls. Remote calls are usually orders of magnitude slower and less reliable than local calls, so distinguishing them is important.
RPCs are a form of inter-process communication (IPC), in that different processes have different address spaces: if on the same host machine, they have distinct virtual address spaces, even though the physical address space is the same; while if they are on different hosts, the physical address space is different. Many different (often incompatible) technologies have been used to implement the concept.
（来源：维基百科）
View object——A view object is a class that lets you define and work with a set of rows, often in service of a user interface. Typically, a view object contains a SQL query that selects data from a database. It can be associated with underlying entity objects so you can modify data in the database, or not be associated with entity objects at all. （Oracle相关文档）
Data transfer object( 数据传输对象 )——A data transfer object (DTO[1][2]) is an object that carries data between processes. The motivation for its use is that communication between processes is usually done resorting to remote in'terfaces (e.g., web services), where each call is an expensive operation.[2] Because the majority of the cost of each call is related to the round-trip time between the client and the server, one way of reducing the number of calls is to use an object (the DTO) that aggregates the data that would have been transferred by the several calls, but that is served by one call only.[2] （来源：维基百科）
Domain object——A domain object is an entity in the domain layer of your application. (Stackoverflow)
Bussiness logic( 业务逻辑 )——In computer software, business logic or domain logic is the part of the program that encodes the real-world business rules that determine how data can be created, stored, and changed. （来源：维基百科）
工具类——util
Guard clauses( 卫语句 )——A GuardClause is a chunk of code at the top of a function (or block) that serves a similar purpose to a Precondition.
It typically does one (or any or all) of the following:
- checks the passed-in parameters, and returns with an error if they're not suitable.
- checks the state of the object, and bails out if the function call is inappropriate.
- checks for trivial cases, and gets rid of them quickly.
（来源：http://wiki.c2.com/?GuardClause）
GMT——格林威治时间。
ORM映射( Object-relational Mapping )——Object-relational mapping (ORM, O/RM, and O/R mapping tool) in computer science is a programming technique for converting data between incompatible type systems using object-oriented programming languages. This creates, in effect, a "virtual object database" that can be used from within the programming language. The heart of the problem involves translating the logical representation of the objects into an atomized form that is capable of being stored in the database while preserving the properties of the objects and their relationships so that they can be reloaded as objects when needed. If this storage and retrieval functionality is implemented, the objects are said to be persistent. （来源：维基百科）
Escape character( 转义字符 )——标志着在一个字符序列中出现在它之后的后续几个字符采取一种替代解释。转义字符是元字符（metacharacter）的一种特殊情况。通常，判定某字符是否为转义字符由上下文确定。转义字符即标志着转义序列开始的那个字符。（来源：维基百科）
Metacharacter——A metacharacter is a character that has a special meaning (instead of a literal meaning) to a computer program, such as a shell interpreter or a regular expression engine.（来源：维基百科）
Preadicate function——A fucntion returning a boolean value.
DTD(Document Type Definition)——A Document Type Definition (DTD) defines the legal building blocks of an XML document. It defines the document structure with a list of legal elements and attributes.
SGML——The Standard Generalized Markup Language is a standard for defining generalized markup languages for documents.
DOM——The Document Object Model (DOM) is a cross-platform and language-independent application programming interface that treats an HTML, XHTML, or XML document as a tree structure wherein each node is an object representing a part of the document. The objects can be manipulated programmatically and any visible changes occurring as a result may then be reflected in the display of the document.
The interface defines a contract, and your code can work with any class that implements the interface, without having to know the concrete class - it can even work with classes that didn't exist yet when the code was written.
接口可作为方法的参数。