2.语态
n. + v.- 动词的时态
- 动词的语态
- 动词的情态
谓语动词的变化-->语态
> 狗吃了那个蛋糕。 > The dog ate the cake.
> ?吃了那个蛋糕。 > ---->蛋糕被吃了。
> 狗吃了那个蛋糕。 > 主语 宾语 > 蛋糕被狗吃了。
> 被动适用范围 1：及物动词。 2：不及物动词+介词。 > 被动语态 be + done
备注：
be表示被动的时间 (把be变成对应的各种形态), 还表达主语单复数。
done 表示被动的动作
教师每天都打扫。
Classrooms are cleaned(clean) every day.
一座新的大楼去年建造的。
A new building was built(build) last year.
与时态相结合
被动语态 be + done
他每天被打。 He is beaten every day.
他昨天被打了。 He was beaten yesterday.
他明天将要被打。 He will be beaten tomorrow.
他现在正在被打。 He is being beaten.(现在进行时的被动am/is/are + being done)
他现在已经被打了。 He has been beaten.(现在完成时的被动have/has + been done)
Our morning paper is read(read) by over 200,000 people every day.
Last night my favorite TV program was interrupted(interrupt) by a special news bulletin.
His bike will be repaired(repair) by his grandfather tomorrow.
The new machine has been used(use) in our factory for two week.
与情态动词想结合
被动语态 be + done
Planes are heard.
Planes can be heard.
Planes could be heard.
Planes may be heard.
Planes must be heard.
这封信必须马上寄出。
The letter must be sent immediately.
天气不能被人们所控制。
Weather cannot be controlled by people.