Oracle 设置自启动

1. 环境准备

1.1 系统

　　操作系统：CentOS 7（64位）

1.2 工具/软件

　　已安装完成的Oracle11g（64位）； 
　　创建数据库实例，本文中数据库实例名：test；$ORACLE_SID:testsid

2. 方法/步骤

2.1 配置/etc/oratab

以root身份登录到linux系统，编辑/etc/oratab文件，找到 
testsid:/data/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1:N 
，改为 
testsid:/data/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1:Y 
注意：/data/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1为安装的$ORACLE_HOME，根据情况自行修改路径。

[oracle@zm-centos7 ~]$ su   #切换到root
Password:                   #输入root密码
[root@zm-centos7 oracle]# vim /etc/oratab  #编辑
[root@zm-centos7 oracle]# cat /etc/oratab  #查看
#
tsid:/data/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1:N


# This file is used by ORACLE utilities.  It is created by root.sh
# and updated by the Database Configuration Assistant when creating
# a database.

# A colon, ':', is used as the field terminator.  A new line terminates
# the entry.  Lines beginning with a pound sign, '#', are comments.
#
# Entries are of the form:
#   $ORACLE_SID:$ORACLE_HOME:<N|Y>:
#
# The first and second fields are the system identifier and home
# directory of the database respectively.  The third filed indicates
# to the dbstart utility that the database should , "Y", or should not,
# "N", be brought up at system boot time.
#
# Multiple entries with the same $ORACLE_SID are not allowed.
#
#
testsid:/data/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1:Y    #修改位置
[root@zm-centos7 oracle]#

2.2 配置/etc/rc.d/rc.local

添加如下脚本：

su oracle -lc "/data/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin/lsnrctl start"
su oracle -lc /data/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin/dbstart

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其中第一行因为lsnrctl之后有空格，需要引号，第二行加不加引号都可以。修改完保存退出即可。

添加结果：

[root@zm-centos7 /]# vim /etc/rc.d/rc.local
[root@zm-centos7 /]# cat /etc/rc.d/rc.local
#!/bin/bash
# THIS FILE IS ADDED FOR COMPATIBILITY PURPOSES
#
# It is highly advisable to create own systemd services or udev rules
# to run scripts during boot instead of using this file.
#
# In contrast to previous versions due to parallel execution during boot
# this script will NOT be run after all other services.
#
# Please note that you must run 'chmod +x /etc/rc.d/rc.local' to ensure
# that this script will be executed during boot.

# add start
su oracle -lc "/data/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin/lsnrctl start"
su oracle -lc /data/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin/dbstart
# add end

touch /var/lock/subsys/local
# mount -a
[root@zm-centos7 /]#

截止此处，配置都与之前的配置方法相同，后面将配置Oracle服务启动脚本。

2.3 在/etc/init.d/下创建Oracle服务启动脚本

以root身份登录到系统，创建以oracle命名的文件 
[oracle@zm-centos7 ~]$ su 
Password: 
[root@zm-centos7 oracle]# vim /etc/init.d/oracle 
将以下脚本代码复制到文件里（注意修改oracle路径）

#!/bin/sh
# chkconfig: 345 61 61
# description: Oracle 11g R2 AutoRun Servimces
# /etc/init.d/oracle
#
# Run-level Startup script for the Oracle Instance, Listener, and
# Web Interface
export ORACLE_BASE=/data/oracle    #根据个人情况修改路径
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/db_1
export ORACLE_SID=testsid          #改成自己的ORACLE_SID:testsid
export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin
ORA_OWNR="oracle"
# if the executables do not exist -- display error
if [ ! -f $ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbstart -o ! -d $ORACLE_HOME ]
then
echo "Oracle startup: cannot start"
exit 1
fi
# depending on parameter -- startup, shutdown, restart
# of the instance and listener or usage display
case "$1" in
start)
# Oracle listener and instance startup
su $ORA_OWNR -lc $ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbstart
echo "Oracle Start Succesful!OK."
;;
stop)
# Oracle listener and instance shutdown
su $ORA_OWNR -lc $ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbshut
echo "Oracle Stop Succesful!OK."
;;
reload|restart)
$0 stop
$0 start
;;
*)
echo $"Usage: `basename $0` {start|stop|reload|reload}"
exit 1
esac
exit 0

保存退出

2.4 检查一下脚本能否正确执行

将oracle脚本文件赋予执行权限 
说明：/etc/init.d -> /etc/rc.d/init.d 其中/etc/init.d为link文件，所以执行哪个目录下的Oracle脚本都应该可以。

执行脚本：

# cd /etc/rc.d/init.d
# chmod +x oracle

执行结果：

[root@zm-centos7 /]# cd /etc/rc.d/init.d
[root@zm-centos7 init.d]# chmod +x oracle
[root@zm-centos7 init.d]# ll oracle
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 984 Oct 13 14:34 oracle

执行oracle脚本

./oracle start
./oracle stop

执行结果正常：

[root@zm-centos7 init.d]# ./oracle start
ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER is not SET, unable to auto-start Oracle Net Listener
Usage: /data/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin/dbstart ORACLE_HOME
Processing Database instance "testsid": log file /data/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/startup.log
Oracle Start Succesful!OK.
[root@zm-centos7 init.d]# ./oracle stop
ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER is not SET, unable to auto-stop Oracle Net Listener
Usage: /data/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin/dbshut ORACLE_HOME
Processing Database instance "testsid": log file /data/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/shutdown.log
Oracle Stop Succesful!OK.

这里需要注意了，在启动Oracle服务的时候，提示“ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER is not SET, unable to auto-start Oracle Net Listener”，大体意思是“Oracle监听没有配置，监听没能启动”。 
下面就需要配置一下监听，让启动数据库的时候也把监听一起启动。

2.5 配置Oracle监听开机自启动服务

修改dbstart和dbshut启动关闭脚本,使其启动数据库的同时也自动启动监听器（即启动数据库时启动监听器，停止数据库时停止监听器）： 
执行脚本：

# vim /data/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin/dbstart
找到下面的代码:
ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$1
将其改为
ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$ORACLE_HOME

Dbstart修改结果：

# Set path if path not set (if called from /etc/rc)
SAVE_PATH=/bin:/usr/bin:/etc:${PATH} ; export PATH
SAVE_LLP=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH

# First argument is used to bring up Oracle Net Listener
#ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$1
ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$ORACLE_HOME
if [ ! $ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER ] ; then
  echo "ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER is not SET, unable to auto-start Oracle Net Listener"
  echo "Usage: $0 ORACLE_HOME"
else
  LOG=$ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER/listener.log

同样也修改dbshut脚本：

# vim /data/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin/dbshut
找到下面的代码:
ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$1
将其改为
ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$ORACLE_HOME

Dbshut修正结果：

# Set path if path not set (if called from /etc/rc)
SAVE_PATH=/bin:/usr/bin:/etc:${PATH} ; export PATH
SAVE_LLP=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH

# The  this to bring down Oracle Net Listener
#ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$1
ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$ORACLE_HOME
if [ ! $ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER ] ; then
  echo "ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER is not SET, unable to auto-stop Oracle Net Listener"
  echo "Usage: $0 ORACLE_HOME"
else
  LOG=$ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER/listener.log

2.6 再度执行Oracle服务脚本

执行脚本：

cd /etc/rc.d/init.d
./oracle start

执行结果：

[root@zm-centos7 /]# cd /etc/rc.d/init.d
[root@zm-centos7 init.d]# ./oracle start
Processing Database instance "testsid": log file /data/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/startup.log
Oracle Start Succesful!OK.

发现之前关于监听的提示消失了，测试成功。

2.7 加入自动启动行列

执行脚本：

ln –s /etc/rc.d/init.d/oracle /etc/rc0.d/K61oracle
ln –s /etc/rc.d/init.d/oracle /etc/rc2.d/S61oracle
ln –s /etc/rc.d/init.d/oracle /etc/rc3.d/S61oracle
ln –s /etc/rc.d/init.d/oracle /etc/rc4.d/S61oracle
ln –s /etc/rc.d/init.d/oracle /etc/rc6.d/K61oracle

执行结果：

[root@zm-centos7 /]# ln -s /etc/rc.d/init.d/oracle /etc/rc2.d/S61oracle
[root@zm-centos7 /]# ln -s /etc/rc.d/init.d/oracle /etc/rc3.d/S61oracle
[root@zm-centos7 /]# ln -s /etc/rc.d/init.d/oracle /etc/rc4.d/S61oracle
[root@zm-centos7 /]# ln -s /etc/rc.d/init.d/oracle /etc/rc0.d/K61oracle
[root@zm-centos7 /]# ln -s /etc/rc.d/init.d/oracle /etc/rc6.d/K61oracle
[root@zm-centos7 init.d]# ll /etc/rc0.d/
total 0
lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root 23 Oct 13 16:07 K61oracle -> /etc/rc.d/init.d/oracle
……省略100字

将 oracle服务加入到系统服务

chkconfig --level 234 oracle on
chkconfig --add oracle

检查 oracle服务是否已经生效

chkconfig --list  oracle

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执行结果：

[root@zm-centos7 init.d]# chkconfig --list  oracle

Note: This output shows SysV services only and does not include native
      systemd services. SysV configuration data might be overridden by native
      systemd configuration.

      If you want to list systemd services use 'systemctl list-unit-files'.
      To see services enabled on particular target use
      'systemctl list-dependencies [target]'.

oracle          0:off   1:off   2:on    3:on    4:on    5:on    6:off

2.8 最后重启机器，确认自启动结果

以oracle用户，打开一个终端：

[oracle@zm-centos7 ~]$ lsnrctl status   # 查看监听状态

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 11-OCT-2017 23:05:06

Copyright (c) 1991, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=localhost)(PORT=1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias                     LISTENER
Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
Start Date                11-OCT-2017 23:02:22
Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 2 min. 45 sec
Trace Level               off
Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP                      OFF
Listener Parameter File   /data/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File         /data/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/zm-centos7/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=localhost)(PORT=1521)))
Services Summary...
Service "test" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "testsid", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "testsidXDB" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "testsid", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully

查看oracle服务状态

[oracle@zm-centos7 ~]$ ps -ef |grep ora
oracle    3053     1  0 23:02 ?        00:00:00 /data/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin/tnslsnr LISTENER -inherit
oracle    3283     1  0 23:03 ?        00:00:00 ora_pmon_testsid
oracle    3285     1  0 23:03 ?        00:00:00 ora_vktm_testsid
oracle    3289     1  0 23:03 ?        00:00:00 ora_gen0_testsid
oracle    3291     1  0 23:03 ?        00:00:00 ora_diag_testsid
oracle    3293     1  0 23:03 ?        00:00:00 ora_dbrm_testsid
oracle    3295     1  0 23:03 ?        00:00:00 ora_psp0_testsid
oracle    3297     1  0 23:03 ?        00:00:00 ora_dia0_testsid
oracle    3299     1  0 23:03 ?        00:00:00 ora_mman_testsid
oracle    3301     1  0 23:03 ?        00:00:00 ora_dbw0_testsid
oracle    3303     1  0 23:03 ?        00:00:00 ora_lgwr_testsid
oracle    3305     1  0 23:03 ?        00:00:00 ora_ckpt_testsid
oracle    3307     1  0 23:03 ?        00:00:00 ora_smon_testsid
oracle    3309     1  0 23:03 ?        00:00:00 ora_reco_testsid
oracle    3311     1  0 23:03 ?        00:00:00 ora_mmon_testsid
oracle    3313     1  0 23:03 ?        00:00:00 ora_mmnl_testsid
oracle    3315     1  0 23:03 ?        00:00:00 ora_d000_testsid
oracle    3317     1  0 23:03 ?        00:00:00 ora_s000_testsid
oracle    3364     1  0 23:03 ?        00:00:00 ora_p000_testsid
oracle    3366     1  0 23:03 ?        00:00:00 ora_p001_testsid
oracle    3368     1  0 23:03 ?        00:00:00 ora_qmnc_testsid
oracle    3563     1  0 23:03 ?        00:00:00 ora_cjq0_testsid
oracle    3577     1  0 23:03 ?        00:00:00 ora_q000_testsid
oracle    3579     1  0 23:03 ?        00:00:00 ora_q001_testsid
oracle    3633     1  0 23:03 ?        00:00:00 ora_vkrm_testsid
root      3792  1241  0 23:04 ?        00:00:00 sshd: oracle [priv]
oracle    3801  3792  0 23:04 ?        00:00:00 sshd: oracle@pts/0
oracle    3806  3801  0 23:04 pts/0    00:00:00 -bash
oracle    3914     1  0 23:06 ?        00:00:00 ora_j000_testsid
oracle    3916     1  0 23:06 ?        00:00:00 ora_j001_testsid
oracle    3926  3806  0 23:07 pts/0    00:00:00 ps -ef
oracle    3927  3806  0 23:07 pts/0    00:00:00 grep --color=auto ora
[oracle@zm-centos7 ~]$

最后，确认自启动成功。

1. 环境准备

1.1 系统

操作系统：CentOS 7（64位）

1.2 工具/软件

已安装完成的Oracle11g（64位）； 
创建数据库实例，本文中数据库实例名：test；$ORACLE_SID:testsid

2. 方法/步骤

2.1 配置/etc/oratab

以root身份登录到linux系统，编辑/etc/oratab文件，找到 
testsid:/data/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1:N 
，改为 
testsid:/data/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1:Y 
注意：/data/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1为安装的$ORACLE_HOME，根据情况自行修改路径。

[oracle@zm-centos7 ~]$ su   #切换到root
Password:                   #输入root密码
[root@zm-centos7 oracle]# vim /etc/oratab
[root@zm-centos7 oracle]# cat /etc/oratab
#
tsid:/data/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1:N


# This file is used by ORACLE utilities.  It is created by root.sh
# and updated by the Database Configuration Assistant when creating
# a database.

# A colon, ':', is used as the field terminator.  A new line terminates
# the entry.  Lines beginning with a pound sign, '#', are comments.
#
# Entries are of the form:
#   $ORACLE_SID:$ORACLE_HOME:<N|Y>:
#
# The first and second fields are the system identifier and home
# directory of the database respectively.  The third filed indicates
# to the dbstart utility that the database should , "Y", or should not,
# "N", be brought up at system boot time.
#
# Multiple entries with the same $ORACLE_SID are not allowed.
#
#
testsid:/data/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1:Y
[root@zm-centos7 oracle]#

2.2 配置/etc/rc.d/rc.local

添加如下行： 
su oracle -lc “/data/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin/lsnrctl start” 
su oracle -lc /data/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin/dbstart 
其中第一行因为lsnrctl之后有空格，需要引号，第二行加不加引号都可以。修改完保存退出即可。

代码如下：

[root@zm-centos7 /]# vim /etc/rc.d/rc.local
[root@zm-centos7 /]# cat /etc/rc.d/rc.local
#!/bin/bash
# THIS FILE IS ADDED FOR COMPATIBILITY PURPOSES
#
# It is highly advisable to create own systemd services or udev rules
# to run scripts during boot instead of using this file.
#
# In contrast to previous versions due to parallel execution during boot
# this script will NOT be run after all other services.
#
# Please note that you must run 'chmod +x /etc/rc.d/rc.local' to ensure
# that this script will be executed during boot.

su oracle -lc "/data/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin/lsnrctl start"
su oracle -lc /data/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin/dbstart

touch /var/lock/subsys/local
# mount -a
[root@zm-centos7 /]#

如果是在以前的centos版本中，这样就可以了。但是centos7 的/etc/rc.local不会开机执行，认真查看/etc/rc.local文件的内容就发现问题的原因了

[root@zm-centos7 /]# cat /etc/rc.d/rc.local
#!/bin/bash
# THIS FILE IS ADDED FOR COMPATIBILITY PURPOSES
#
# It is highly advisable to create own systemd services or udev rules
# to run scripts during boot instead of using this file.
#
# In contrast to previous versions due to parallel execution during boot
# this script will NOT be run after all other services.
#
# Please note that you must run 'chmod +x /etc/rc.d/rc.local' to ensure
# that this script will be executed during boot.

翻译一下：

这个文件是为了兼容性的问题而添加的。 
强烈建议创建自己的systemd服务或udev规则来在开机时运行脚本而不是使用这个文件。 
与以前的版本引导时的并行执行相比较，这个脚本将不会在其他所有的服务后执行。 
请记住，你必须执行“chmod +x /etc/rc.d/rc.local”来确保确保这个脚本在引导时执行。

查看一下/etc/rc.d/rc.local的权限

[root@zm-centos7 /]# ll /etc/rc.d/rc.local
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 484 Oct 11 17:17 /etc/rc.d/rc.local

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发现没有执行权限，按照说明的内容执行命令：

[root@zm-centos7 bin]# chmod +x /etc/rc.d/rc.local
[root@zm-centos7 bin]# reboot     #重启机器，确认结果

2.3 重启机器，确认自启动结果

以oracle用户，打开一个终端：

[oracle@zm-centos7 ~]$ lsnrctl status   # 查看监听状态

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 11-OCT-2017 23:05:06

Copyright (c) 1991, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=localhost)(PORT=1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias                     LISTENER
Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
Start Date                11-OCT-2017 23:02:22
Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 2 min. 45 sec
Trace Level               off
Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP                      OFF
Listener Parameter File   /data/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File         /data/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/zm-centos7/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=localhost)(PORT=1521)))
Services Summary...
Service "test" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "testsid", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "testsidXDB" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "testsid", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully

查看oracle服务状态

[oracle@zm-centos7 ~]$ ps -ef |grep ora
oracle    3053     1  0 23:02 ?        00:00:00 /data/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin/tnslsnr LISTENER -inherit
oracle    3283     1  0 23:03 ?        00:00:00 ora_pmon_testsid
oracle    3285     1  0 23:03 ?        00:00:00 ora_vktm_testsid
oracle    3289     1  0 23:03 ?        00:00:00 ora_gen0_testsid
oracle    3291     1  0 23:03 ?        00:00:00 ora_diag_testsid
oracle    3293     1  0 23:03 ?        00:00:00 ora_dbrm_testsid
oracle    3295     1  0 23:03 ?        00:00:00 ora_psp0_testsid
oracle    3297     1  0 23:03 ?        00:00:00 ora_dia0_testsid
oracle    3299     1  0 23:03 ?        00:00:00 ora_mman_testsid
oracle    3301     1  0 23:03 ?        00:00:00 ora_dbw0_testsid
oracle    3303     1  0 23:03 ?        00:00:00 ora_lgwr_testsid
oracle    3305     1  0 23:03 ?        00:00:00 ora_ckpt_testsid
oracle    3307     1  0 23:03 ?        00:00:00 ora_smon_testsid
oracle    3309     1  0 23:03 ?        00:00:00 ora_reco_testsid
oracle    3311     1  0 23:03 ?        00:00:00 ora_mmon_testsid
oracle    3313     1  0 23:03 ?        00:00:00 ora_mmnl_testsid
oracle    3315     1  0 23:03 ?        00:00:00 ora_d000_testsid
oracle    3317     1  0 23:03 ?        00:00:00 ora_s000_testsid
oracle    3364     1  0 23:03 ?        00:00:00 ora_p000_testsid
oracle    3366     1  0 23:03 ?        00:00:00 ora_p001_testsid
oracle    3368     1  0 23:03 ?        00:00:00 ora_qmnc_testsid
oracle    3563     1  0 23:03 ?        00:00:00 ora_cjq0_testsid
oracle    3577     1  0 23:03 ?        00:00:00 ora_q000_testsid
oracle    3579     1  0 23:03 ?        00:00:00 ora_q001_testsid
oracle    3633     1  0 23:03 ?        00:00:00 ora_vkrm_testsid
root      3792  1241  0 23:04 ?        00:00:00 sshd: oracle [priv]
oracle    3801  3792  0 23:04 ?        00:00:00 sshd: oracle@pts/0
oracle    3806  3801  0 23:04 pts/0    00:00:00 -bash
oracle    3914     1  0 23:06 ?        00:00:00 ora_j000_testsid
oracle    3916     1  0 23:06 ?        00:00:00 ora_j001_testsid
oracle    3926  3806  0 23:07 pts/0    00:00:00 ps -ef
oracle    3927  3806  0 23:07 pts/0    00:00:00 grep --color=auto ora
[oracle@zm-centos7 ~]$

确认自启动成功。