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  • Java-网络编程

     

    IP 和 端口号;

    package com.lxl.java1;
    
    import java.net.InetAddress;
    import java.net.UnknownHostException;
    
    /**
     * 一、网络编程中有两个主要的问题:
     * 1.如何准确地定位网络上一台或多台主机;定位主机上的特定的应用
     * 2.找到主机后如何可靠高效地进行数据传输
     *
     * 二、网络编程中的两个要素:
     * 1.对应问题一:IP和端口号
     * 2.对应问题二:提供网络通信协议:TCP/IP参考模型(应用层、传输层、网络层、物理+数据链路层)
     *
     *
     * 三、通信要素一:IP和端口号
     *
     * 1. IP:唯一的标识 Internet 上的计算机(通信实体)
     * 2. 在Java中使用InetAddress类代表IP
     * 3. IP分类:IPv4 和 IPv6 ; 万维网 和 局域网
     * 4. 域名:   www.baidu.com   www.mi.com  www.sina.com  www.jd.com
     *            www.vip.com
     * 5. 本地回路地址:127.0.0.1 对应着:localhost
     *
     * 6. 如何实例化InetAddress:两个方法:getByName(String host) 、 getLocalHost()
     *        两个常用方法:getHostName() / getHostAddress()
     *
     * 7. 端口号:正在计算机上运行的进程。
     * 要求:不同的进程有不同的端口号
     * 范围:被规定为一个 16 位的整数 0~65535。
     *
     * 8. 端口号与IP地址的组合得出一个网络套接字:Socket
     */
    public class InetAddressTest {
    
        public static void main(String[] args) {
    
            try {
                //File file = new File("hello.txt");
                InetAddress inet1 = InetAddress.getByName("192.168.10.14");
    
                System.out.println(inet1);
    
                InetAddress inet2 = InetAddress.getByName("www.atguigu.com");
                System.out.println(inet2);
    
                InetAddress inet3 = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
                System.out.println(inet3);
    
                //获取本地ip
                InetAddress inet4 = InetAddress.getLocalHost();
                System.out.println(inet4);
    
                //getHostName()
                System.out.println(inet2.getHostName());
                //getHostAddress()
                System.out.println(inet2.getHostAddress());
    
            } catch (UnknownHostException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
    
    
        }
    
    
    }
    package com.lxl.java1;
    
    import org.junit.Test;
    
    import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
    import java.io.IOException;
    import java.io.InputStream;
    import java.io.OutputStream;
    import java.net.InetAddress;
    import java.net.ServerSocket;
    import java.net.Socket;
    
    /**
     * 实现TCP的网络编程
     * 例子1:客户端发送信息给服务端,服务端将数据显示在控制台上
     *
     */
    public class TCPTest1 {
    
        //客户端
        @Test
        public void client()  {
            Socket socket = null;
            OutputStream os = null;
            try {
                //1.创建Socket对象,指明服务器端的ip和端口号
                InetAddress inet = InetAddress.getByName("192.168.14.100");
                socket = new Socket(inet,8899);
                //2.获取一个输出流,用于输出数据
                os = socket.getOutputStream();
                //3.写出数据的操作
                os.write("你好,我是客户端mm".getBytes());
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } finally {
                //4.资源的关闭
                if(os != null){
                    try {
                        os.close();
                    } catch (IOException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
    
                }
                if(socket != null){
                    try {
                        socket.close();
                    } catch (IOException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
    
                }
            }
    
    
    
        }
        //服务端
        @Test
        public void server()  {
    
            ServerSocket ss = null;
            Socket socket = null;
            InputStream is = null;
            ByteArrayOutputStream baos = null;
            try {
                //1.创建服务器端的ServerSocket,指明自己的端口号
                ss = new ServerSocket(8899);
                //2.调用accept()表示接收来自于客户端的socket
                socket = ss.accept();
                //3.获取输入流
                is = socket.getInputStream();
    
                //不建议这样写,可能会有乱码
    //        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
    //        int len;
    //        while((len = is.read(buffer)) != -1){
    //            String str = new String(buffer,0,len);
    //            System.out.print(str);
    //        }
                //4.读取输入流中的数据
                baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
                byte[] buffer = new byte[5];
                int len;
                while((len = is.read(buffer)) != -1){
                    baos.write(buffer,0,len);
                }
    
                System.out.println(baos.toString());
    
                System.out.println("收到了来自于:" + socket.getInetAddress().getHostAddress() + "的数据");
    
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } finally {
                if(baos != null){
                    //5.关闭资源
                    try {
                        baos.close();
                    } catch (IOException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
                if(is != null){
                    try {
                        is.close();
                    } catch (IOException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
                if(socket != null){
                    try {
                        socket.close();
                    } catch (IOException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
                if(ss != null){
                    try {
                        ss.close();
                    } catch (IOException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
    
            }
    
    
    
    
    
        }
    
    }
    package com.lxl.java1;
    
    import org.junit.Test;
    
    import java.io.*;
    import java.net.InetAddress;
    import java.net.ServerSocket;
    import java.net.Socket;
    
    /**
     *
     * 实现TCP的网络编程
     * 例题2:客户端发送文件给服务端,服务端将文件保存在本地。
     *
     */
    public class TCPTest2 {
    
        /*
        这里涉及到的异常,应该使用try-catch-finally处理
         */
        @Test
        public void client() throws IOException {
            //1.
            Socket socket = new Socket(InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"),9090);
            //2.
            OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
            //3.
            FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(new File("beauty.jpg"));
            //4.
            byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
            int len;
            while((len = fis.read(buffer)) != -1){
                os.write(buffer,0,len);
            }
            //5.
            fis.close();
            os.close();
            socket.close();
        }
    
        /*
        这里涉及到的异常,应该使用try-catch-finally处理
         */
        @Test
        public void server() throws IOException {
            //1.
            ServerSocket ss = new ServerSocket(9090);
            //2.
            Socket socket = ss.accept();
            //3.
            InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();
            //4.
            FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(new File("beauty1.jpg"));
            //5.
            byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
            int len;
            while((len = is.read(buffer)) != -1){
                fos.write(buffer,0,len);
            }
            //6.
            fos.close();
            is.close();
            socket.close();
            ss.close();
    
        }
    }
    package com.lxl.java1;
    
    import org.junit.Test;
    
    import java.io.*;
    import java.net.InetAddress;
    import java.net.ServerSocket;
    import java.net.Socket;
    
    /**
     * 实现TCP的网络编程
     * 例题3:从客户端发送文件给服务端,服务端保存到本地。并返回“发送成功”给客户端。
     * 并关闭相应的连接。
     */
    public class TCPTest3 {
    
        /*
            这里涉及到的异常,应该使用try-catch-finally处理
             */
        @Test
        public void client() throws IOException {
            //1.
            Socket socket = new Socket(InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"),9090);
            //2.
            OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
            //3.
            FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(new File("beauty.jpg"));
            //4.
            byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
            int len;
            while((len = fis.read(buffer)) != -1){
                os.write(buffer,0,len);
            }
            //关闭数据的输出
            socket.shutdownOutput();
    
            //5.接收来自于服务器端的数据,并显示到控制台上
            InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();
            ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
            byte[] bufferr = new byte[20];
            int len1;
            while((len1 = is.read(buffer)) != -1){
                baos.write(buffer,0,len1);
            }
    
            System.out.println(baos.toString());
    
            //6.
            fis.close();
            os.close();
            socket.close();
            baos.close();
        }
    
        /*
        这里涉及到的异常,应该使用try-catch-finally处理
         */
        @Test
        public void server() throws IOException {
            //1.
            ServerSocket ss = new ServerSocket(9090);
            //2.
            Socket socket = ss.accept();
            //3.
            InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();
            //4.
            FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(new File("beauty2.jpg"));
            //5.
            byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
            int len;
            while((len = is.read(buffer)) != -1){
                fos.write(buffer,0,len);
            }
    
            System.out.println("图片传输完成");
    
            //6.服务器端给予客户端反馈
            OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
            os.write("你好,美女,照片我已收到,非常漂亮!".getBytes());
    
            //7.
            fos.close();
            is.close();
            socket.close();
            ss.close();
            os.close();
    
        }
    }
    package com.lxl.java1;
    
    import org.junit.Test;
    
    import java.io.IOException;
    import java.net.*;
    
    
    //UDP  协议的网络编程
    public class UDPTest {
    
        //发送端
        @Test
        public void sender() {
            byte[] b = "您好,我是要发送的数据".getBytes();
            DatagramSocket datagramSocket = null;
            try {
                datagramSocket = new DatagramSocket();
                //创建一个数据报,每一个数据报不能大于64k,都记录着数据信息,发送端的IP,端口,以及要发送的数据
                DatagramPacket pack = new DatagramPacket(b, 0, b.length, InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"), 9090);
                datagramSocket.send(pack);
            } catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } finally {
                if (datagramSocket != null)
                    datagramSocket.close();
            }
        }
    
    
        //接收端
        @Test
        public void receiver() {
            DatagramSocket ds = null;
            try {
                ds = new DatagramSocket(9090);
                byte[] b = new byte[1024];
                DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(b, 0, b.length);
                ds.receive(packet);
                String str1 = new String(b, 0, b.length);
                System.out.println(str1);
                String str = new String(packet.getData(), 0, packet.getData().length);
                System.out.println(str);
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } finally {
                if (ds != null) {
                    ds.close();
                }
            }
    
        }
    }
    package com.lxl.java1;
    
    import java.net.MalformedURLException;
    import java.net.URL;
    
    /**
     * URL网络编程
     * 1.URL:统一资源定位符,对应着互联网的某一资源地址
     * 2.格式:
     *  http://localhost:8080/examples/beauty.jpg?username=Tom
     *  协议   主机名    端口号  资源地址           参数列表
     *
     */
    public class URLTest {
    
        public static void main(String[] args) {
    
            try {
    
                URL url = new URL("http://localhost:8080/examples/beauty.jpg?username=Tom");
    
    //            public String getProtocol(  )     获取该URL的协议名
                System.out.println(url.getProtocol());
    //            public String getHost(  )           获取该URL的主机名
                System.out.println(url.getHost());
    //            public String getPort(  )            获取该URL的端口号
                System.out.println(url.getPort());
    //            public String getPath(  )           获取该URL的文件路径
                System.out.println(url.getPath());
    //            public String getFile(  )             获取该URL的文件名
                System.out.println(url.getFile());
    //            public String getQuery(   )        获取该URL的查询名
                System.out.println(url.getQuery());
    
    
    
    
            } catch (MalformedURLException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
    
        }
    
    
    }
    package com.lxl.java1;
    
    import java.io.FileOutputStream;
    import java.io.IOException;
    import java.io.InputStream;
    import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
    import java.net.URL;
    
    /**
     */
    public class URLTest1 {
    
        public static void main(String[] args) {
    
            HttpURLConnection urlConnection = null;
            InputStream is = null;
            FileOutputStream fos = null;
            try {
                URL url = new URL("http://localhost:8080/examples/beauty.jpg");
    
                urlConnection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
    
                urlConnection.connect();
    
                is = urlConnection.getInputStream();
                fos = new FileOutputStream("day10\beauty3.jpg");
    
                byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
                int len;
                while((len = is.read(buffer)) != -1){
                    fos.write(buffer,0,len);
                }
    
                System.out.println("下载完成");
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } finally {
                //关闭资源
                if(is != null){
                    try {
                        is.close();
                    } catch (IOException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
                if(fos != null){
                    try {
                        fos.close();
                    } catch (IOException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
                if(urlConnection != null){
                    urlConnection.disconnect();
                }
            }
    
    
    
    
    
    
        }
    }
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/LXL616/p/11070959.html
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