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  • 异步编程

    异步编程

    前言

        本文通过对线程的追踪来认识和理解异步编程,如有错误之处,还请各位多多批评指正。

    追踪委托线程和UI线程

        如果有对委托不甚了解的同学,可以查看 通过IL来认识和使用委托。我们以控制台程序为例来介绍利用委托实现异步编程,我们暂定控制台程序的线程为UI线程,通过委托进行的异步调用为委托线程。正如我们所知道的,所有的前台线程,即便在main函数执行结束之后仍然能够继续运行,但是通过委托线程在main函数执行结束之后也将结束运行,其特性更接近于后台线程,本文不将如何利用委托实现异步调用作为重点,而是通过对线程的追踪来认识和理解委托的异步调用。以下代码通过对委托方法,回调方法,main函数的线程ID进行追踪来探究异步调用每一步的执行线程。

    复制代码
    namespace DelegateAsyncInvoke
    {
        public delegate string GetAString(string a);
        class Program
        {
            static void Main(string[] args)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("ThreadID:{0} This is Main Method start", Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId);
                InvokeClass invokeClass = new InvokeClass();
                GetAString firstMethod = invokeClass.GetString;
                CallBackClass callBackClass = new CallBackClass();
                IAsyncResult ar = firstMethod.BeginInvoke("This is a async Invoke", callBackClass.CallBackMethod, callBackClass);
                //EndInvoke will not execute till BeginInvoke above execution finishing
                string result = firstMethod.EndInvoke(ar);
                Console.WriteLine("ThreadID:{0} This is Main Method end", Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId);
                Console.ReadKey();
            }
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// this class is used to be invoked through delegate
        /// </summary>
        public sealed class InvokeClass
        {
            public string GetString(string a)
            {
           Thread.Sleep(3000); Console.WriteLine(
    "ThreadID:{0} This is delegate async invoke Method", Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId); return a; } } /// <summary> /// this class is used to call back through asynchronized invoke of delegate /// </summary> public sealed class CallBackClass { public void CallBackMethod(IAsyncResult ar) { if (ar.AsyncState != null) { CallBackClass callBackClass = ar.AsyncState as CallBackClass; Console.WriteLine("ThreadID:{0} This is Call Back Method",Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId); } } } }
    复制代码

    运行结果

    从运行结果可以看出委托方法和回调方法将在同一个线程上执行,UI线程将在委托实例调用EndInvoke方法之后结束执行。让我们用如下代码来代替EndInvoke方法,来进一步探究一下EndInvoke方法的工作原理。

    复制代码
                while (true)
                {
                    if (ar.AsyncWaitHandle.WaitOne(50, false))
                    {
                        break;
                    }
                }
    复制代码

    以上代码的意义是通过BeginInvoke的返回值IAsyncResult实现UI线程和委托线程的通信,UI线程一直等待委托线程执行完毕之后才向下执行。EndInvoke的参数为IAsyncResult,由此我们可以推测EndInvoke必须要实现UI线程和委托线程的通信,才能实现EndInvoke的功能。有同学为了获取异步调用的返回值,在回调方法上调用EndInvoke方法,结果发现Main函数结束执行之后,委托线程也随之结束了,可能正是这个原因所致。以下是对委托声明进行反编译获取的IL的代码,可惜的是无法看到每一个方法的内部代码,如果哪位大神有办法看到方法的内部代码,还请告知,先在此谢过了。

    追踪异步线程和UI线程 - 对BackGroundWorker进行追踪

    对于BackGroundWorker我们使用WinForm的程序进行追踪,本文不将如何使用BackGroundWorker作为重点,还请不了解BackGroundWorker的同学自行查资料。

    我们从WinForm的入口程序看到WinForm程序只支持STAThread(单线程操作模式)。

    我们可以在方法上加上属性STAThread或MTAThread来决定方法是支持单线程模式还是多线程模式。所谓WinForm的单线程操作模式,也就是WinForm的UI线程只支持单线程操作。让我们用以下的代码对BackGroundWorker的异步线程进行追踪,同时对单线程操作模式进行探究。绿色背景代码为线程的追踪代码。

    复制代码
    /// <summary>
            /// save all threads information
            /// </summary>
            private string ThreadInformation;
            public Form1()
            {
                InitializeComponent();
            }
    
            private void btnCalculate_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
            {
                btnCalculate.Enabled = false;
                textBoxResult.Text = string.Empty;
                btnCancel.Enabled = true;
                progressBar1.Value = 0;
    
                ThreadInformation = "Thread Information";
                ThreadInformation += string.Format("
    ThreadID:{0} This is Main Method start", Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId);
                backgroundworker.RunWorkerAsync(new CalcInput(int.Parse(textBoxX.Text), int.Parse(textBoxY.Text)));
                ThreadInformation += string.Format("
    ThreadID:{0} This is Main Method end", Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId);
            }
            /// <summary>
            /// BackGroundWorker work method
            /// </summary>
            /// <param name="sender"></param>
            /// <param name="e"></param>
            private void backgroundworker_DoWork(object sender, DoWorkEventArgs e)
            {
                ThreadInformation += string.Format("
    ThreadID:{0} This is BackGroundWorker DoWork Method", Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId);
                CalcInput input = (CalcInput)e.Argument;
                for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
                {
                    Thread.Sleep(500);
                    backgroundworker.ReportProgress(i * 10);
                    if (backgroundworker.CancellationPending)
                    {
                        e.Cancel = true;
                        return;
                    }
                }
                e.Result = input.x + input.y;
            }
            /// <summary>
            /// BackGroundWorker completion event
            /// </summary>
            /// <param name="sender"></param>
            /// <param name="e"></param>
            private void backgroundworker_RunWorkerCompleted(object sender, RunWorkerCompletedEventArgs e)
            {
                ThreadInformation += string.Format("
    ThreadID:{0} This is BackGroundWorker Completion Event Method", Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId);
                lblThreadInformation.Text = ThreadInformation;
                if (e.Cancelled)
                {
                    textBoxResult.Text = "Cancelled";
                }
                else
                {
                    textBoxResult.Text = e.Result.ToString();    
                }
                btnCalculate.Enabled = true;
                btnCancel.Enabled = false;
                progressBar1.Value = 100;
            }
    
            private void btnCancel_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
            {
                backgroundworker.CancelAsync();
            }
            /// <summary>
            /// BackGroundWorker Progress changed event
            /// </summary>
            /// <param name="sender"></param>
            /// <param name="e"></param>
            private void backgroundworker_ProgressChanged(object sender, ProgressChangedEventArgs e)
            {
                ThreadInformation += string.Format("
    ThreadID:{0} This is BackGroundWorker progress changed event", Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId);
                this.progressBar1.Value = e.ProgressPercentage;
            }
    
    
        }
        public struct CalcInput
        {
            public CalcInput(int x, int y)
            {
                this.x = x;
                this.y = y;
            }
            public int x;
            public int y;
        }
    复制代码

    线程的追踪信息。

    从线程的追踪信息来看,只有BackGroundWorker的DoWork方法运行在异步线程上,BackGroundWorker的Completion event方法和progress changed event 方法都运行在UI线程上,这两个方法负责输出最终的运行结果和修改进度条的值,我们把代码修改一下,把输出线程追踪信息的处理,即为控件赋值的操作移入DoWork方法尾部,来查看一下运行结果。(这步操作不要点击取消按钮)

    DoWork的方法修改如下,绿色背景代码为对控件的赋值。

    复制代码
    /// <summary>
            /// BackGroundWorker work method
            /// </summary>
            /// <param name="sender"></param>
            /// <param name="e"></param>
            private void backgroundworker_DoWork(object sender, DoWorkEventArgs e)
            {
                ThreadInformation += string.Format("
    ThreadID:{0} This is BackGroundWorker DoWork Method", Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId);
                CalcInput input = (CalcInput)e.Argument;
                for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
                {
                    Thread.Sleep(500);
                    backgroundworker.ReportProgress(i * 10);
                    if (backgroundworker.CancellationPending)
                    {
                        e.Cancel = true;
                        return;
                    }
                }
                e.Result = input.x + input.y;
                lblThreadInformation.Text = ThreadInformation;
                textBoxResult.Text = e.Result.ToString();
            }
    复制代码

    运行结果,看以看到界面上无法输出线程信息和计算结果,我们提到过WinForm程序的UI线程只支持单线程操作模式,只有UI线程能对控件进行操作,其他线程无法访问。

    小结

    本文只是通过对常见的应用进行一些探究,希望能从一个更简单的角度来理解多线程编程。还请各位能多多发表意见和看法,再次感谢大家了!!

    附上源代码,sln文件请自己添加。
    源码下载

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/Leo_wl/p/3425909.html
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