AR - 走看看

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AR

AR

第一节临摹

　　小明经常临摹同桌小美的画作。

　　美术课上，老师表扬了小美的新作。

图1.1 小美的作品《蒙娜·毛虫的微笑》

　　临，是照着原作画；摹，是用薄纸张蒙在原作上面画。

第二节借画

　　小明随后借来了小美的画。

　　但他觉得这样摹着画甚是无趣。

图2.1 未完成的临摹

　　一般地，临摹耐心与纸张透明度成正比。

第三节涂鸦

　　小明认为这只毛虫太孤单了。

　　然后，他的涂鸦怪兽就蹦了出来。

图3.1 《蒙娜·毛虫与她的怪兽》

　　涂鸦，随意地涂抹色彩与线条。

第四节黑白

　　小美的哥哥和小明是好朋友，他叫大美。

　　大美有个AR程序，它可以计算图像的黑与白。

图4.1 黑白版《蒙娜·毛虫的微笑》

　　黑白阈值划分可以基于RGB颜色空间也可以基于HSV颜色空间。

VB.NET

Public Class ImageProcessClass
''' <summary>
''' 基于RGB根据指定阈值判断两个颜色是否相近
''' </summary>
Public Function CompareRGB(ByVal Color1 As Color, ByVal Color2 As Color, ByVal Distance As Single) As Boolean
Dim r As Integer = Int(Color1.R) - Int(Color2.R)
Dim g As Integer = Int(Color1.G) - Int(Color2.G)
Dim b As Integer = Int(Color1.B) - Int(Color2.B)
Dim absDis As Integer = Math.Sqrt(r * r + g * g + b * b)
If absDis < Distance Then
Return True
Else
Return False
End If
End Function
''' <summary>
''' 基于HSB根据指定阈值判断两个颜色是否相近
''' </summary>
Public Function CompareHSB(ByVal Color1 As Color, ByVal Color2 As Color, ByVal Distance As Single) As Boolean
'Dim h As Single = (Color1.GetHue - Color2.GetHue) / 360
'Dim s As Single = Color1.GetSaturation - Color2.GetSaturation
'Dim b As Single = Color1.GetBrightness - Color2.GetBrightness
'Dim absDis As Single = Math.Sqrt(h * h + s * s + b * b)
'If absDis < Distance Then
' Return True
'Else
' Return False
'End If
Dim h1 As Single = Color1.GetHue / 360
Dim s1 As Single = Color1.GetSaturation
Dim b1 As Single = Color1.GetBrightness
Dim h2 As Single = Color2.GetHue / 360
Dim s2 As Single = Color2.GetSaturation
Dim b2 As Single = Color2.GetBrightness
Dim absDis As Single = (h1 * h2 + s1 * s2 + b1 * b2) / (Math.Sqrt(h1 * h1 + s1 * s1 + b1 * b1) * Math.Sqrt(h2 * h2 + s2 * s2 + b2 * b2))
If absDis > Distance / 5 + 0.8 Then
Return True
Else
Return False
End If
End Function
''' <summary>
''' 返回指定颜色的中值
''' </summary>
Public Function gethHD(ByVal color1 As Color)
Dim HD, r, g, b As Integer
r = color1.R
g = color1.G
b = color1.B
HD = (r + g + b) / 3
Return HD
End Function
''' <summary>
''' 返回指定位图的颜色数组
''' </summary>
''' <param name="gBitmap"></param>
''' <returns></returns>
Public Function GetColorArr(ByRef gBitmap As Bitmap) As Color(,)
Dim TempArr(gBitmap.Width - 1, gBitmap.Height - 1) As Color
For i = 0 To gBitmap.Width - 1
For j = 0 To gBitmap.Height - 1
TempArr(i, j) = gBitmap.GetPixel(i, j)
Next
Next
Return TempArr
End Function
''' <summary>
''' 返回指定区域的屏幕图像
''' </summary>
''' <param name="gX"></param>
''' <param name="gY"></param>
''' <param name="gWidth"></param>
''' <param name="gHeight"></param>
''' <returns></returns>
Public Function GetScreenImage(ByVal gX As Integer, ByVal gY As Integer, ByVal gWidth As Integer, ByVal gHeight As Integer) As Bitmap
Dim ResultBitmap As New Bitmap(gWidth, gHeight)
Using pg As Graphics = Graphics.FromImage(ResultBitmap)
pg.CopyFromScreen(gX, gY, 0, 0, New Size(gWidth, gHeight))
End Using
Return ResultBitmap
End Function
''' <summary>
''' 返回指定文字生成的位图
''' </summary>
''' <param name="gString"></param>
''' <param name="gFont"></param>
''' <param name="gWidth"></param>
''' <param name="gHeight"></param>
''' <returns></returns>
Public Function GetTextImage(ByVal gString As String, ByVal gFont As Font, ByVal gWidth As Integer, ByVal gHeight As Integer) As Bitmap
Dim ResultBitmap As New Bitmap(gWidth, gHeight)
Using pg = Graphics.FromImage(ResultBitmap)
pg.SmoothingMode = Drawing2D.SmoothingMode.AntiAlias '抗锯齿
pg.DrawString(gString, gFont, Brushes.Black, 0, 0)
End Using
Return ResultBitmap
End Function
''' <summary>
''' 返回指定图位图的二值化图像
''' </summary>
''' <param name="gBitmap"></param>
''' <param name="gSplitNum"></param>
''' <returns></returns>
Public Function GetThresholdImage(ByVal gBitmap As Bitmap, ByVal gSplitNum As Single, Optional IsHSB As Boolean = False) As Bitmap
Dim ResultBitmap As New Bitmap(gBitmap.Width, gBitmap.Height)
Dim ColorArr(,) = GetColorArr(gBitmap)
Dim TempHD As Integer
Dim IsOverThreshold = Function(ByVal C1 As Color, ByVal gNum As Single)
TempHD = gethHD(C1)
Return (If(IsHSB, (C1.GetHue / 360 + C1.GetSaturation + C1.GetBrightness) / 3 < gNum,
TempHD < gNum))
End Function
For i = 0 To gBitmap.Width - 1
For j = 0 To gBitmap.Height - 1
ResultBitmap.SetPixel(i, j, If(IsOverThreshold(ColorArr(i, j), gSplitNum), Color.Black, Color.White))
Next
Next

Return ResultBitmap
End Function
''' <summary>
''' 返回指定位图的轮廓图像
''' </summary>
''' <param name="gBitmap"></param>
''' <param name="gDistance"></param>
''' <returns></returns>
Public Function GetOutLineImage(ByVal gBitmap As Bitmap, ByVal gDistance As Single, Optional IsHSB As Boolean = False) As Bitmap
Dim xArray2() As Short = {0, 1, 0, -1}
Dim yArray2() As Short = {-1, 0, 1, 0}
'Dim ResultBitmap As New Bitmap(gBitmap) '在原图的基础上绘图
Dim ResultBitmap As New Bitmap(gBitmap.Width, gBitmap.Height)
Dim Color1, Color2 As Color
Dim CompareColor = Function(ByVal C1 As Color, ByVal C2 As Color, ByVal Distance As Single)
Return If(IsHSB,
CompareHSB(Color1, Color2, Distance),
CompareRGB(Color1, Color2, Distance))
End Function
Dim CompareColorExtra = Function(ByVal C1 As Color, ByVal C2 As Color)
Return If(IsHSB,
Color1.GetBrightness - Color2.GetBrightness > 0,
gethHD(Color1) - gethHD(Color2) > 0)
End Function
Dim ColorArr(,) = GetColorArr(gBitmap)
For i = 1 To gBitmap.Width - 2
For j = 1 To gBitmap.Height - 2
ResultBitmap.SetPixel(i, j, Color.White)
Color1 = ColorArr(i, j)
For p = 0 To 3
Color2 = ColorArr(i + xArray2(p), j + yArray2(p))
If Not CompareColor(Color1, Color2, gDistance) And CompareColorExtra(Color1, Color2) Then
ResultBitmap.SetPixel(i, j, Color.Black)
' ResultBitmap.SetPixel(i, j, ColorArr(i, j))
End If
Next
Next
Next
Return ResultBitmap
End Function
''' <summary>
''' 返回指定位图的空心图像
''' </summary>
''' <param name="gBitmap"></param>
''' <returns></returns>
Public Function GetAroundImage(gBitmap As Bitmap)
Dim ResultBitmap As New Bitmap(gBitmap.Width, gBitmap.Height)
Dim ImageBolArr(,) As Integer = GetImageBol(gBitmap)
For i = 0 To gBitmap.Width - 1
For j = 0 To gBitmap.Height - 1
If ImageBolArr(i, j) = 1 AndAlso CheckPointAround(ImageBolArr, i, j) = False Then
ResultBitmap.SetPixel(i, j, Color.Black)
Else
ResultBitmap.SetPixel(i, j, Color.White)
End If
Next
Next
Return ResultBitmap
End Function
''' <summary>
''' 返回指定位图的反相图像
''' </summary>
''' <param name="gBitmap"></param>
''' <returns></returns>
Public Function GetInvertImage(gBitmap As Bitmap)
Dim ResultBitmap As New Bitmap(gBitmap.Width, gBitmap.Height)
Dim ImageBolArr(,) As Integer = GetImageBol(gBitmap)
For i = 0 To gBitmap.Width - 1
For j = 0 To gBitmap.Height - 1
If ImageBolArr(i, j) = 1 Then
ResultBitmap.SetPixel(i, j, Color.White)
Else
ResultBitmap.SetPixel(i, j, Color.Black)
End If
Next
Next
Return ResultBitmap
End Function
''' <summary>
''' 返回指定位图的色块图像
''' </summary>
''' <param name="gBitmap"></param>
''' <returns></returns>
Public Function GetLumpImage(gBitmap As Bitmap, Optional Range As Integer = 10)
Dim ResultBitmap As New Bitmap(gBitmap.Width, gBitmap.Height)
Dim ColorArr(,) = GetColorArr(gBitmap)
Dim R, G, B As Integer
For i = 0 To gBitmap.Width - 1
For j = 0 To gBitmap.Height - 1
R = Int(ColorArr(i, j).R / Range) * Range
G = Int(ColorArr(i, j).G / Range) * Range
B = Int(ColorArr(i, j).B / Range) * Range
ResultBitmap.SetPixel(i, j, Color.FromArgb(R, G, B))
Next
Next
Return ResultBitmap
End Function
''' <summary>
''' 返回指定位图的二值化数据
''' </summary>
''' <param name="gBitmap"></param>
''' <returns></returns>
Private Function GetImageBol(ByVal gBitmap As Bitmap) As Integer(,)
Dim ResultArr(gBitmap.Width - 1, gBitmap.Height - 1) As Integer
For i = 0 To gBitmap.Width - 1
For j = 0 To gBitmap.Height - 1
If Not gBitmap.GetPixel(i, j).Equals(Color.FromArgb(255, 255, 255)) Then
ResultArr(i, j) = 1
Else
ResultArr(i, j) = 0
End If
Next
Next
Return ResultArr
End Function
''' <summary>
''' 检查一个点是否被包围
''' </summary>
''' <param name="BolArr"></param>
''' <param name="x"></param>
''' <param name="y"></param>
''' <returns></returns>
Private Function CheckPointAround(BolArr As Integer(,), ByVal x As Integer, ByVal y As Integer) As Boolean
If Not (x > 0 And y > 0 And x < BolArr.GetUpperBound(0) And y < BolArr.GetUpperBound(1)) Then Return True
If BolArr(x - 1, y) = 1 And BolArr(x + 1, y) = 1 And BolArr(x, y - 1) = 1 And BolArr(x, y + 1) = 1 Then
Return True '当前点为实体内部
Else
Return False '当前点为实体边缘
End If
End Function
End Class

VB.NET

C#

using Microsoft.VisualBasic;
using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Data;
using System.Diagnostics;
public class SequenceManagerClass
{
/// <summary>
/// 绘制序列的List
/// </summary>
public List<PointSequenceClass> SequenceList;
public SequenceManagerClass(int[,] BolArr)
{
SequenceList = new List<PointSequenceClass>();
CalculateSequence(BolArr);
}
private void CreateNewSequence()
{
SequenceList.Add(new PointSequenceClass());
}
private void AddPoint(PointF aPoint)
{
SequenceList.Last.PointList.Add(aPoint);
}
int[] xArray = {
-1,
0,
1,
1,
1,
0,
-1,
-1
};
int[] yArray = {
-1,
-1,
-1,
0,
1,
1,
1,
};
bool NewStart;
private void CheckMove(ref int[,] BolArr, int x, int y, int StepNum)
{
Application.DoEvents();
if (StepNum > 200)
return;
int xBound = BolArr.GetUpperBound(0);
int yBound = BolArr.GetUpperBound(1);
int dx = 0;
int dy = 0;
int AroundValue = GetAroundValue(ref BolArr, x, y);
if (AroundValue > 2 && AroundValue < 8) {
return;
}
for (i = 0; i <= 7; i++) {
dx = x + xArray[i];
dy = y + yArray[i];
if (!(dx > 0 & dy > 0 & dx < xBound & dy < yBound)) {
return;
} else if (BolArr[dx, dy] == 1) {
BolArr[dx, dy] = 0;
if (NewStart == true) {
this.CreateNewSequence();
this.AddPoint(new PointF(dx, dy));
NewStart = false;
} else {
this.AddPoint(new PointF(dx, dy));
}
CheckMove(ref BolArr, dx, dy, StepNum + 1);
NewStart = true;
}
}
}
private void CalculateSequence(int[,] BolArr)
{
int xCount = BolArr.GetUpperBound(0);
int yCount = BolArr.GetUpperBound(1);
Point CP = new Point(xCount / 2, yCount / 2);
int R = 0;
for (R = 0; R <= xCount > yCount ? xCount : yCount; R++) {
for (Theat = 0; Theat <= Math.PI * 2; Theat += 1 / R) {
int dx = CP.X + R * Math.Cos(Theat);
int dy = CP.Y + R * Math.Sin(Theat);
if (!(dx > 0 & dy > 0 & dx < xCount & dy < yCount))
continue;
if (BolArr[dx, dy] == 1) {
BolArr[dx, dy] = 0;
this.CreateNewSequence();
this.AddPoint(new PointF(dx, dy));
CheckMove(ref BolArr, dx, dy, 0);
NewStart = true;
}
}
}
}
private int GetAroundValue(ref int[,] BolArr, int x, int y)
{
int dx = 0;
int dy = 0;
int ResultValue = 0;
int xBound = BolArr.GetUpperBound(0);
int yBound = BolArr.GetUpperBound(1);
for (i = 0; i <= 7; i++) {
dx = x + xArray[i];
dy = y + yArray[i];
if (dx > 0 & dy > 0 & dx < xBound & dy < yBound) {
if (BolArr[dx, dy] == 1) {
ResultValue += 1;
}
}
}
return ResultValue;
}
}
public class PointSequenceClass
{
public List<PointF> PointList = new List<PointF>();
}

C#

第五节线条

　　AR程序还可以计算图像组成的线条。

　　参考线条序列，小明就不会不知道如何下笔了。

图5.1 程序实现自动线条

　　定义一个SequenceManager类，它用以识别线条、并管理PointSequence类。

VB.NET

Public Class SequenceManagerClass
''' <summary>
''' 绘制序列的List
''' </summary>
Public SequenceList As List(Of PointSequenceClass)
Public Sub New(BolArr(,) As Integer)
SequenceList = New List(Of PointSequenceClass)
CalculateSequence(BolArr)
End Sub
Private Sub CreateNewSequence()
SequenceList.Add(New PointSequenceClass)
End Sub
Private Sub AddPoint(aPoint As PointF)
SequenceList.Last.PointList.Add(aPoint)
End Sub
Dim xArray() As Integer = {-1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, -1, -1}
Dim yArray() As Integer = {-1, -1, -1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0}
Dim NewStart As Boolean
Private Sub CheckMove(ByRef BolArr(,) As Integer, ByVal x As Integer, ByVal y As Integer, ByVal StepNum As Integer)
Application.DoEvents()
If StepNum > 200 Then Return
Dim xBound As Integer = BolArr.GetUpperBound(0)
Dim yBound As Integer = BolArr.GetUpperBound(1)
Dim dx, dy As Integer
Dim AroundValue As Integer = GetAroundValue(BolArr, x, y)
If AroundValue > 2 AndAlso AroundValue < 8 Then
Return
End If
For i = 0 To 7
dx = x + xArray(i)
dy = y + yArray(i)
If Not (dx > 0 And dy > 0 And dx < xBound And dy < yBound) Then
Return
ElseIf BolArr(dx, dy) = 1 Then
BolArr(dx, dy) = 0
If NewStart = True Then
Me.CreateNewSequence()
Me.AddPoint(New PointF(dx, dy))
NewStart = False
Else
Me.AddPoint(New PointF(dx, dy))
End If
CheckMove(BolArr, dx, dy, StepNum + 1)
NewStart = True
End If
Next
End Sub
Private Sub CalculateSequence(BolArr(,) As Integer)
Dim xCount As Integer = BolArr.GetUpperBound(0)
Dim yCount As Integer = BolArr.GetUpperBound(1)
Dim CP As New Point(xCount / 2, yCount / 2)
Dim R As Integer = 0
For R = 0 To If(xCount > yCount, xCount, yCount)
For Theat = 0 To Math.PI * 2 Step 1 / R
Dim dx As Integer = CP.X + R * Math.Cos(Theat)
Dim dy As Integer = CP.Y + R * Math.Sin(Theat)
If Not (dx > 0 And dy > 0 And dx < xCount And dy < yCount) Then Continue For
If BolArr(dx, dy) = 1 Then
BolArr(dx, dy) = 0
Me.CreateNewSequence()
Me.AddPoint(New PointF(dx, dy))
CheckMove(BolArr, dx, dy, 0)
NewStart = True
End If
Next
Next
End Sub
Private Function GetAroundValue(ByRef BolArr(,) As Integer, ByVal x As Integer, ByVal y As Integer) As Integer
Dim dx, dy, ResultValue As Integer
Dim xBound As Integer = BolArr.GetUpperBound(0)
Dim yBound As Integer = BolArr.GetUpperBound(1)
For i = 0 To 7
dx = x + xArray(i)
dy = y + yArray(i)
If dx > 0 And dy > 0 And dx < xBound And dy < yBound Then
If BolArr(dx, dy) = 1 Then
ResultValue += 1
End If
End If
Next
Return ResultValue
End Function
End Class
Public Class PointSequenceClass
Public PointList As New List(Of PointF)
End Class

VB.NET

C#
using Microsoft.VisualBasic;
using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Data;
using System.Diagnostics;
public class SequenceManagerClass
{
/// <summary>
/// 绘制序列的List
/// </summary>
public List<PointSequenceClass> SequenceList;
public SequenceManagerClass(int[,] BolArr)
{
SequenceList = new List<PointSequenceClass>();
CalculateSequence(BolArr);
}
private void CreateNewSequence()
{
SequenceList.Add(new PointSequenceClass());
}
private void AddPoint(PointF aPoint)
{
SequenceList.Last.PointList.Add(aPoint);
}
int[] xArray = {
-1,
0,
1,
1,
1,
0,
-1,
-1
};
int[] yArray = {
-1,
-1,
-1,
0,
1,
1,
1,
};
bool NewStart;
private void CheckMove(ref int[,] BolArr, int x, int y, int StepNum)
{
Application.DoEvents();
if (StepNum > 200)
return;
int xBound = BolArr.GetUpperBound(0);
int yBound = BolArr.GetUpperBound(1);
int dx = 0;
int dy = 0;
int AroundValue = GetAroundValue(ref BolArr, x, y);
if (AroundValue > 2 && AroundValue < 8) {
return;
}
for (i = 0; i <= 7; i++) {
dx = x + xArray[i];
dy = y + yArray[i];
if (!(dx > 0 & dy > 0 & dx < xBound & dy < yBound)) {
return;
} else if (BolArr[dx, dy] == 1) {
BolArr[dx, dy] = 0;
if (NewStart == true) {
this.CreateNewSequence();
this.AddPoint(new PointF(dx, dy));
NewStart = false;
} else {
this.AddPoint(new PointF(dx, dy));
}
CheckMove(ref BolArr, dx, dy, StepNum + 1);
NewStart = true;
}
}
}
private void CalculateSequence(int[,] BolArr)
{
int xCount = BolArr.GetUpperBound(0);
int yCount = BolArr.GetUpperBound(1);
Point CP = new Point(xCount / 2, yCount / 2);
int R = 0;
for (R = 0; R <= xCount > yCount ? xCount : yCount; R++) {
for (Theat = 0; Theat <= Math.PI * 2; Theat += 1 / R) {
int dx = CP.X + R * Math.Cos(Theat);
int dy = CP.Y + R * Math.Sin(Theat);
if (!(dx > 0 & dy > 0 & dx < xCount & dy < yCount))
continue;
if (BolArr[dx, dy] == 1) {
BolArr[dx, dy] = 0;
this.CreateNewSequence();
this.AddPoint(new PointF(dx, dy));
CheckMove(ref BolArr, dx, dy, 0);
NewStart = true;
}
}
}
}
private int GetAroundValue(ref int[,] BolArr, int x, int y)
{
int dx = 0;
int dy = 0;
int ResultValue = 0;
int xBound = BolArr.GetUpperBound(0);
int yBound = BolArr.GetUpperBound(1);
for (i = 0; i <= 7; i++) {
dx = x + xArray[i];
dy = y + yArray[i];
if (dx > 0 & dy > 0 & dx < xBound & dy < yBound) {
if (BolArr[dx, dy] == 1) {
ResultValue += 1;
}
}
}
return ResultValue;
}
}
public class PointSequenceClass
{
public List<PointF> PointList = new List<PointF>();
}

C#

第六节投影

　　最后，AR程序将计算后的图像投影到屏幕上。

　　图像与现实影像真实镶嵌，小明就可以照着屏幕临摹。

图6.1 未经PS的AR演示

　　事实上，小明若使用沉浸式AR眼镜，他会得到更佳的体验。

附录

　　早期博客：程序实现自动绘图

　　早期博客：更优秀的绘图程序

　　开源链接：ExperDot.AutomaticDrawing

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原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/Leo_wl/p/5522149.html

AR

AR

第一节 临摹

第二节 借画

第三节 涂鸦

第四节 黑白

第五节 线条

第六节 投影

附录

第一节临摹

第二节借画

第三节涂鸦

第四节黑白

第五节线条

第六节投影