centos mysql 实战 第一节课 安全加固 mysql安装

centos mysql  实战  第一节课   安全加固  mysql安装

percona名字的由来=consultation 顾问+performance 性能=per  con  a

mysql官方手册：http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/datetime.html

mysql_install_db是一个perl脚本

http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzI3MTAxMTY5OA==&mid=2671913078&idx=1&sn=6cf415e8c8137244aa46af48305dc356&scene=0#wechat_redirect

 

MySQL里面show processlist  每一个process就是一个线程 

mysql  /opt/mysql/xxx   一般安装在/opt下面


ln -s /opt/mysql/mysql-5.6.29-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64  /usr/local/mysql  做一个软链接过去/usr/local/mysql
原来已经有mysql软链接 ，需要unlink /usr/local/mysql

mysql
mysqlbinlog
mysqld
mysqld_safe
perror
mysqldump

看一下系统中是否有mysql这个用户
id   mysql


建立一个mysql用户
useradd  -s /sbin/nologin  -M  mysql


不要用root启动mysql，系统不会限制root的资源 ，ulimit，最好用普通用户去跑mysql

添加环境变量，两种方法
echo  "export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin" >>/etc/profile
echo  "export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin" >>/etc/profile.d/mysql.sh

要掌握基本命令，screen，vim，要求能在Linux下输入20个命令不重复

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总结

如果缺少libaio库需要安装 ：yum install -y libaio*
Linux开发包： yum groupinstall  -y  'Development tools'

1. 下载MySQL
wget  -c https://cdn.mysql.com//Downloads/MySQL-5.6/mysql-5.6.35-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz

地址：https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/5.6.html#downloads
选择Linux Generic

2. 解压
tar zxvf mysql-5.6.28-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz

-------------------------------------------------------------------------
centos7需要安装
yum -y install numactl
-------------------------------------------------------------------------


3. 创建用户
useradd  -M -s /sbin/nologin mysql

4. 创建必须的目录
mkdir -p /usr/local/mysql
mkdir -p /data/mysql/mysql3306/{data,tmp,logs}


5. 拷贝mysql文件
mv  /data/download/mysql-5.6.30-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64/*   /usr/local/mysql/
cp  /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql



6. 环境变量
echo "export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin" >> /etc/profile
source /etc/profile

====== 启动起来 ========================

7. 权限
chown -R mysql:mysql /data/mysql/mysql3306/
chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql


8. 创建一个配置文件  如果是多个实例分开多个my.cnf  my3306.cnf  my3307.cnf
vim %s/3306/3306/g
socket = /tmp/mysql3376.sock
innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:1024M:autoextend


9. 初始化
5.1，5.5，5.6
cd /usr/local/mysql/
./scripts/mysql_install_db  --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf
看到两次ok

也可以使用/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_secure_installation 来初始化mysql，进行安全加固


5.7
--设置随机密码
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf  --initialize

cat  /data/mysql/mysql3306/logs/error.log|grep -i  'password'
2016-11-30T13:28:37.276714Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: 6fT?TYzJI*Dg

--不设置随机密码 （建议不设置随机密码 ）
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf  --initialize-insecure


cat  /data/mysql/mysql3306/logs/error.log|grep -iE 'ERROR'
没有error

10. 启动 & 关闭  如果是多实例 分开多个启动脚本 /etc/init.d/mysql3306  /etc/init.d/mysql3307
修改启动脚本 vi  /etc/init.d/mysql
datadir=/data/mysql/mysql3306/data
basedir=/usr/local/mysql





/etc/init.d/mysql start or service mysql start
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf &
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf &

启动了之后才生成auto.cnf文件

关闭：
/etc/init.d/mysql stop
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -S   /data/mysql/mysql3306/tmp/mysql.sock  shutdown

11. 安全加固
连接mysql：mysql -uroot -p -S /data/mysql/mysql3306/tmp/mysql.sock
--不设置随机密码跟5.6一样，不输入密码直接登录mysql
--设置随机密码，连接mysql的时候要输入随机密码才能登录mysql，并且需要修改密码才能让你进行下一步操作
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
5.7不用做
delete from mysql.user where user!='root' or host!='localhost';
truncate table mysql.db; #对test库没有授权，直接可以连接进来test库
drop database test;
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
修改密码：
mysqladmin -u USER -p password PASSWORD
或者
use mysql;
UPDATE user SET password=PASSWORD('123456') WHERE user='root'; 5.6
flush privileges;
或者
use mysql;
UPDATE user SET authentication_string=PASSWORD('123456') WHERE user='root'; 5.7
flush privileges;
或者
5.7新增方法
alter user user() identified by '123456' ;
或
alter user root@localhost identified by '123456' ;

select user();
+----------------+
| user()         |
+----------------+
| root@localhost |
+----------------+

12. iptables开放mysql端口

怎么确认mysql是启动起来的？
A 查看进程是否存在
ps axu |grep mysqld

ps -eo ppid,pid,user,args |grep mysql



B 查看端口是不是监听正确
netstat -nalp |grep mysqld
ss -lnpt |grep mysqld

C 看看错误日志有无异常
vim shit+g
tail

sock 是unix domain的一种通信方式，进程间通信

rpm，二进制包，源码包 安装优劣性   rpm包和二进制包都是从源码包得来的
生产环境用二进制，源码包的性能提升基本上没有提升相对于二进制，所以可以用二进制
mysql官网都推荐用二进制

 

mysql5.7.20之前默认会生成两个用户
root@localhost
mysql.sys@localhost

mysql5.7.20以及之后默认会生成三个用户
root@localhost
mysql.sys@localhost
mysql.session@localhost

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个性化设置 MySQL prompt 提示符
 http://blog.itpub.net/26515977/viewspace-1208304/

itpub文章里的附录

附录：
Option Description
c A counter that increments for each statement you issue
D The full current date
d The default database
h The server host
l The current delimiter (new in 5.0.25)
m Minutes of the current time
A newline character
O The current month in three-letter format (Jan, Feb, …)
o The current month in numeric format
P am/pm
p The current TCP/IP port or socket file
R The current time, in 24-hour military time (0–23)
The current time, standard 12-hour time (1–12)
S Semicolon
s Seconds of the current time
A tab character
U
Your full user_name@host_name account name
u Your user name
v The server version
w The current day of the week in three-letter format (Mon, Tue, …)
Y The current year, four digits
y The current year, two digits
\_ A space
A space (a space follows the backslash)
\' Single quote
" Double quote
\ A literal “” backslash character
x
x, for any “x” not listed above

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cd /usr/local/mysql/再执行./scripts/mysql_install_db的原因

./ 表示 你在mysql目录里，如果你不 cd到mysql目录，那就找不到./bin/my_print_defaults文件
所以
先  cd /usr/local/mysql/
再  ./scripts/mysql_install_db  --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf

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