Git学习笔记

git 使用安装教程学习笔记

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Create by Dec 14，2016 

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安装git

git for windows 安装网址:https://git-for-windows.github.io
网盘地址:[git 2.11.0 64bit][]
[git 2.11.0 64bit]:http://pan.baidu.com/s/1dEHcerf
按照默认的选项进行安装即可
安装完成后，在开始菜单中找到Git-> Git Bash
安装完成后，进行设置用户名和email

$ git config --global user.name "Your Name"
$ git config --global user.email "email@example.com"

创建版本库

创建版本库：init

$ cd Desktop/gitdemo
WYF@WYF-PC MINGW64 ~/Desktop/gitdemo
$ git init
Initialized empty Git repository in C:/Users/WYF/Desktop/gitdemo/.git/

添加文件到版本库：git add

WYF@WYF-PC MINGW64 ~/Desktop/gitdemo (master)
$ git add learnGit.mdown

提交版本库: git commit -m "commit message"

添加至版本库中后，使用git commit -m "add Your Message" 引号内部分是附加的版本说明

WYF@WYF-PC MINGW64 ~/DesktoGIT/gitdemo (master)
$ git commit -m "Create a version to learn git"

[master (root-commit) 8604f8c] Create a version to learn git
1 file changed, 14 insertions(+) 
create mode 100644 learnGit.mdown

返回的信息说明1个文件发生了改变，共有14行的内容插入了进来

Git文件状态查看

查看版本库文件修改状态 git status

WYF@WYF-PC MINGW64 ~/Desktop/gitdemo (master)
$ git status
On branch master
Changes not staged for commit:
  (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
  (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)

        modified:   learnGit.mdown

no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")

查看本地版本与提交版本的不同: git diff

$ git diff gittest.txt
diff --git a/gittest.txt b/gittest.txt
index 88c801c..d06b512 100644
--- a/gittest.txt
+++ b/gittest.txt
@@ -1 +1,2 @@
 hello git
+look for differences
 No newline at end of file

通过后面跟着要对比的文件名称可以对比明确的文件。

git的版本回退

查看版本日志：git log

WYF@WYF-PC MINGW64 ~/Desktop/gitdemo (master)
$ git log

commit 0f83cd0c90718769d32f16a8edeeadb1c3cd59e2
Author: WangYiFan <MaFeng_2008@outlook.com>
Date:   Wed Dec 14 20:45:02 2016 +0800

    Add Content about commit

commit 5db28c30c0f2870412bde47581747e90e89b9540
Author: WangYiFan <MaFeng_2008@outlook.com>
Date:   Wed Dec 14 20:40:23 2016 +0800

    Add new Message

commit 8604f8c67b8e4335d783c64d494fac0e989d7a66
Author: WangYiFan <MaFeng_2008@outlook.com>
Date:   Wed Dec 14 20:10:28 2016 +0800

    Create a version to learn git

利用--pretty=oneline的参数可以实现日志中每条信息只占一行，效果如下

WYF@WYF-PC MINGW64 ~/Desktop/gitdemo (master)
$ git log --pretty=oneline

0f83cd0c90718769d32f16a8edeeadb1c3cd59e2 Add Content about commit
5db28c30c0f2870412bde47581747e90e89b9540 Add new Message
8604f8c67b8e4335d783c64d494fac0e989d7a66 Create a version to learn git

回退版本：git reset

回到上一个版本：git reset --hard HEAD^
回到上上个版本：git reset --hard HEAD^^
回到前面N个版本：git reset --hard HEAD~N
回退到指定的版本: git reset --hard [<Commit Number>]

也可以先通过git log查看版本库，然后利用git reset --hard 5Db2通过指定版本号来进行版本的回退。版本号不用写全，写前面几位能够让git定位到唯一的版本记录就可以了

WYF@WYF-PC MINGW64 ~/Desktop/gitdemo (master)
$ git reset --hard 8604
HEAD is now at 8604f8c Create a version to learn git

查看版本回退的日志：git reflog

WYF@WYF-PC MINGW64 ~/Desktop/gitdemo (master)
$ git reflog
8604f8c HEAD@{0}: reset: moving to 8604
5db28c3 HEAD@{1}: reset: moving to 5db2
8604f8c HEAD@{2}: reset: moving to 8604
5db28c3 HEAD@{3}: reset: moving to HEAD^
0f83cd0 HEAD@{4}: commit: Add Content about commit
5db28c3 HEAD@{5}: commit: Add new Message
8604f8c HEAD@{6}: commit (initial): Create a version to learn git

这里可以看到，版本回退的状态，从而找到未来的版本号（在这里对于我来说是“0f83”）
然后通过git reset --hard 0f83就能顺利的到达未来的版本。

WYF@WYF-PC MINGW64 ~/Desktop/gitdemo (master)
$ git reset --hard 0f83
HEAD is now at 0f83cd0 Add Content about commit