Spring MVC+Ant+Tomcat+Eclipse最简单的demo

第一步是Java的Web环境搭建，下载Eclipse（或者更好的但收费的IDE-IntelliJ Idea，和Resharper一家公司出的），下载Tomcat，下载JDK，下载Spring，注意安装Tomcat的时候配置一下管理员账号和密码（如Tomcat/s3cret），安装好了Tomcat以后应该可以在浏览器访问这个地址：http://localhost:8080/（或者其它端口如9090你可以自己制定），点击里面的manager链接可以进入Tomcat管理manager页面 http://localhost:8080/manager/html：

Eclilpse相关设置

首先是环境变量设置，然后要把tools.jar添加到Eclipse的Ant运行时里面去：window->preferences->ant-> runtime, Global entries, add: external jars: jdk7的安装路径/lib/tools.jar。

建立一个Spring MVC的程序+Ant+Tomcat

在Eclipse的java环境下（非JavaEE下）建立一个空的java项目（无需选择dynamic web project），名字叫springapp，然后加个目录叫war（便于部署），建立了就是这样的：

然后在整个项目下添加build.xml(自动用Ant编译和部署用的，类似makefile，这玩意爽),build.xml内容如下：

<?xml version="1.0"?>

<project name="springapp" basedir="." default="usage">
<property file="build.properties"/>

<property name="src.dir" value="src"/>
<property name="web.dir" value="war"/>
<property name="build.dir" value="${web.dir}/WEB-INF/classes"/>
<property name="name" value="springapp"/>

<path id="master-classpath">
<fileset dir="${web.dir}/WEB-INF/lib">
<include name="*.jar"/>
</fileset>
<!-- We need the servlet API classes: -->
<!-- * for Tomcat 5/6 use servlet-api.jar -->
<!-- * for other app servers - check the docs -->
<fileset dir="${appserver.lib}">
<include name="servlet*.jar"/>
</fileset>
<pathelement path="${build.dir}"/>
</path>

<target name="usage">
<echo message=""/>
<echo message="${name} build file"/>
<echo message="-----------------------------------"/>
<echo message=""/>
<echo message="Available targets are:"/>
<echo message=""/>
<echo message="build --> Build the application"/>
<echo message="deploy --> Deploy application as directory"/>
<echo message="deploywar --> Deploy application as a WAR file"/>
<echo message="install --> Install application in Tomcat"/>
<echo message="reload --> Reload application in Tomcat"/>
<echo message="start --> Start Tomcat application"/>
<echo message="stop --> Stop Tomcat application"/>
<echo message="list --> List Tomcat applications"/>
<echo message=""/>
</target>

<!-- Create folder in tomcat
 <target name="init">
 <mkdir dir="${deploy.path}/springapp"/>
 </target> -->

<target name="build" description="Compile main source tree java files">
<mkdir dir="${build.dir}"/>
<javac destdir="${build.dir}" source="1.5" target="1.5" debug="true"
deprecation="false" optimize="false" failonerror="true">
<src path="${src.dir}"/>
<classpath refid="master-classpath"/>
</javac>
</target>

<target name="deploy" depends="build" description="Deploy application">
<copy todir="${deploy.path}/${name}" preservelastmodified="true">
<fileset dir="${web.dir}">
<include name="**/*.*"/>
</fileset>
</copy>
</target>

<target name="deploywar" depends="build" description="Deploy application as a WAR file">
<war destfile="${name}.war"
webxml="${web.dir}/WEB-INF/web.xml">
<fileset dir="${web.dir}">
<include name="**/*.*"/>
</fileset>
</war>
<copy todir="${deploy.path}" preservelastmodified="true">
<fileset dir=".">
<include name="*.war"/>
</fileset>
</copy>
</target>

<!-- ============================================================== -->
<!-- Tomcat tasks - remove these if you don't have Tomcat installed -->
<!-- ============================================================== -->

<path id="catalina-ant-classpath">
<!-- We need the Catalina jars for Tomcat -->
<!-- * for other app servers - check the docs -->
<fileset dir="${appserver.lib}">
<include name="catalina-ant.jar"/>
</fileset>
</path>

<taskdef name="install" classname="org.apache.catalina.ant.InstallTask">
<classpath refid="catalina-ant-classpath"/>
</taskdef>
<taskdef name="reload" classname="org.apache.catalina.ant.ReloadTask">
<classpath refid="catalina-ant-classpath"/>
</taskdef>
<taskdef name="list" classname="org.apache.catalina.ant.ListTask">
<classpath refid="catalina-ant-classpath"/>
</taskdef>
<taskdef name="start" classname="org.apache.catalina.ant.StartTask">
<classpath refid="catalina-ant-classpath"/>
</taskdef>
<taskdef name="stop" classname="org.apache.catalina.ant.StopTask">
<classpath refid="catalina-ant-classpath"/>
</taskdef>

<target name="install" description="Install application in Tomcat">
<install url="${tomcat.manager.url}"
username="${tomcat.manager.username}"
password="${tomcat.manager.password}"
path="/${name}"
war="${name}"/>
</target>

<target name="reload" description="Reload application in Tomcat">
<reload url="${tomcat.manager.url}"
username="${tomcat.manager.username}"
password="${tomcat.manager.password}"
path="/${name}"/>
</target>

<target name="start" description="Start Tomcat application">
<start url="${tomcat.manager.url}"
username="${tomcat.manager.username}"
password="${tomcat.manager.password}"
path="/${name}"/>
</target>

<target name="stop" description="Stop Tomcat application">
<stop url="${tomcat.manager.url}"
username="${tomcat.manager.username}"
password="${tomcat.manager.password}"
path="/${name}"/>
</target>

<target name="list" description="List Tomcat applications">
<list url="${tomcat.manager.url}"
username="${tomcat.manager.username}"
password="${tomcat.manager.password}"/>
</target>

<!-- End Tomcat tasks -->

</project>

在整个项目下添加build.properties（这个是给build.xml配置环境变量的。直接拿过来运行的朋友，这里面的内容记得需要修改为你本地的路径哦！！）

# Ant properties for building the springapp

appserver.home=C:/Program Files/Apache Software Foundation/Tomcat 6.0
# for Tomcat 5 use $appserver.home}/server/lib
# for Tomcat 6 use $appserver.home}/lib
appserver.lib=${appserver.home}/lib

deploy.path=${appserver.home}/webapps

tomcat.manager.url=http://localhost:8080/manager/html
tomcat.manager.username=tomcat
tomcat.manager.password=s3cret

然后添加一个controller，在src下添加一个java文件，输入package为：net.spring.controller。这个controller的意思我想懂得mvc的人懂的。

package net.spring.controller;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;

@Controller
public class HelloWorldController {

@RequestMapping("/hello")
public ModelAndView helloWorld() {

String message = "Hello World, Spring 3.1.1 Release!";
System.out.println(message);
return new ModelAndView("hello", "message", message);
}

}

接着工作在war目录下。首先加个index.jsp

<html>
<head><title>Example :: Spring Application</title></head>
<body>
<h1>Example - Spring Application</h1>
<p>This is my test.</p>
<p><a href="hello.html">Say Hello</a></p>
</body>
</html>

然后加个目录WEB-INF。里面加一个文件web.xml（这个文件很重要，是web项目最重要的配置文件）(有关Servlet，这个是java web的核心概念。)

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<web-app version="2.4"
xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee
http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd" >

<display-name>Spring3MVC</display-name>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>springapp</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>

<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>springapp</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>*.html</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>

<welcome-file-list>
<welcome-file>
index.jsp
</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list>

</web-app>

加一个文件srpingapp-servlet.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd">

<context:component-scan base-package="net.spring.controller" />

<!-- the application context definition for the springapp DispatcherServlet -->
<!-- <bean name="/hello.html" class="net.spring.controller.HelloWorldController"/> -->

<bean id="viewResolver"
class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.UrlBasedViewResolver">
<property name="viewClass"
value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView" />
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/" />
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp" />
</bean>
</beans>

在WEB-INF加两个目录：jsp和lib。首先复制引用的jar包，例如Spring的jar，然后在lib目录上粘贴，要引用这些jar：

然后右键选择项目属性，Build path… Configure build path. Libraries – > add jars…把这些lib下面的jar加入引用。

说一下目录结构：通常，src存放Java源文件，classes存放编译后的class文件，lib存放编译和运行用到的所有jar文件，web存放JSP等web文件，dist存放打包后的jar文件，doc存放API文档。

在jsp目录下添加include.jsp:

<%@ page session="false"%>
<%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" %>
<%@ taglib prefix="fmt" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/fmt" %>

添加hello.jsp，注意里面用了Model里面的：message

<%@ include file="/WEB-INF/jsp/include.jsp" %>

<html>
<head><title>Hello :: Spring Application</title></head>
<body>
<h1>Hello - Spring Application</h1>
<p>Greetings.</p>
<p>Message: <c:out value="${message}"/></p>
</body>
</html>

Ant编译和自动部署到Tomcat

为了让Eclipse用我们的Ant编译和build.xml文件，需要设置一下Eclipse：项目属性，Builders，把java builder去掉勾，然后New…一个，选择Ant builder….，然后选择build.xml，如图：

确定了以后，点击菜单 project –> Build all … 自动Ant编译：

Buildfile: C:\Users\GatesBill\workspace\springapp\build.xml

usage:
[echo] springapp build file
[echo] -----------------------------------
 [echo] Available targets are:
[echo] build --> Build the application
[echo] deploy --> Deploy application as directory
[echo] deploywar --> Deploy application as a WAR file
[echo] install --> Install application in Tomcat
[echo] reload --> Reload application in Tomcat
[echo] start --> Start Tomcat application
[echo] stop --> Stop Tomcat application
[echo] list --> List Tomcat applications
BUILD SUCCESSFUL
Total time: 989 milliseconds

看了一下源码，果然已经编译好了：

但是没有自动部署到Tomcat的webapps里面，我们需要运行Ant deploy：在项目属性，Builders，选择刚才我们新建的那个Ant编译，选择edit，然后里面Argument的地方输入deploy，然后Apply，OK。再次编译，就自动部署Tomcat了：

Buildfile: C:\Users\GatesBill\workspace\springapp\build.xml

build:
[javac] Compiling 1 source file to C:\Users\GatesBill\workspace\springapp\war\WEB-INF\classes
[javac] warning: [options] bootstrap class path not set in conjunction with -source 1.5
[javac] 1 warning

deploy:
[copy] Copying 11 files to C:\Program Files\Apache Software Foundation\Tomcat 6.0\webapps\springapp
BUILD SUCCESSFUL
Total time: 4 seconds

也可以用命令行的方式执行Ant编译（这样我们可以另外写一个deploy的bat脚本，非常方便），不过要首先到computer – properties – advanced - 环境变量，添加下列环境变量：

ANT_HOME=＜Ant解压目录，通常在Eclipse的plugin目录下＞，Path=…;%ANT_HOME%\bin

然后打开command（如果在win7下，可能需要提升administration 权限），转到springapp目录为当前目录，然后执行ant deploy 即可，如下图：

到Tomcat的目录下webapps一看，果然有了springapp，然后在浏览器打开Tomcat的manager：http://localhost:8080/manager/html，点击我们的网站springapp，有了：

点击say hello，链接到：http://localhost:8080/springapp/hello.html

上面这个message是从controller传给model的。

Build Error: taskdef class org.apache.catalina.ant.InstallTask cannot be found

如果得到这个错误，一般是因为安装的Tomcat 7而不是Tomcat 6.0，因为在Tomcat 7.0下面要修改下build.xml：

 <taskdef name="install" classname="org.apache.catalina.ant.InstallTask">

         <classpath refid="catalina-ant-classpath"/>

 </taskdef>

要改成：

 <taskdef name="install" classname="org.apache.catalina.ant.DeployTask">

         <classpath refid="catalina-ant-classpath"/>

 </taskdef>

总结

用Ant编译和部署到Tomcat还是非常爽的，过程很流畅。喜欢这种感觉。