2021,祝大家新年快乐!!!
2021年了,新的一年应该有新的计划,我的计划是准备去学习微服务,所以我将我自己的博客项目拆分成了一个微服务项目,用来给自己学习,项目地址:http://www.ttblog.site/。之前做的一个认证服务比较简单,只是单纯的生成jwtToken,所以想改造下。看了很多资料,发现了.net下的一个基于 OpenID Connect 和 OAuth 2.0 认证框架:IdentityServer4,所以就查了一下资料就用在了我的项目上。因为我也是刚刚学习IdentityServer4,所以如果有说错的地方希望大家指出。
我的想法是不想让我的api裸奔,所以要加个认证,不是谁都可以调用我的apide1,这里我选择了IdenttiyServer4的客户端凭据许可模式(client_credentials),这里推荐一个文章:https://www.cnblogs.com/ddrsql/p/7789064.html。因为我觉得这种模式正好符合自己的要求,对于其它的模式我也只是了解过,但是并没有实践过。
第一步:搭建一个IdentityServer服务器

添加IdentityServer4的nuget包。然后我添加了一个idenityserver.json的文件用来配置一些认证资源
{
"WebApi": {
"ApiResource": "",
"ApiScope": "",
"Client": {
"ClientId": "",
"ClientName": "",
"ClientSecrets": "",
"AllowedGrantTypes": "",
"AllowedScopes": "",
"AccseeTokenTime": "" //单位秒
}
}
}
然后添加ApiConfig类:
using Core.Configuration;
using IdentityServer4;
using IdentityServer4.Models;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using static IdentityServer4.IdentityServerConstants;
namespace Core.Auth.IdentityServer4
{
public class ApiConfig
{
public static IConfiguration Configuration = ConfigureProvider.configuration;
private static string[] ApiNames = { "WebApi" };
/// <summary>
/// Define which APIs will use this IdentityServer
/// </summary>
/// <returns></returns>
public static IEnumerable<ApiResource> GetApiResources()
{
List<ApiResource> apiResources = new List<ApiResource>();
foreach (var item in ApiNames)
{
var configuration = Configuration.GetSection(item);
string name = configuration.GetSection("ApiResource").Value;
string[] scopes = configuration.GetSection("ApiScope").Value.Split(",");
ApiResource apiResource = new ApiResource(name, name) {
Scopes = scopes
};
apiResources.Add(apiResource);
}
return apiResources;
}
public static IEnumerable<ApiScope> GetApiScopes()
{
List<ApiScope> apiScopes = new List<ApiScope>();
foreach (var item in ApiNames)
{
var configuration = Configuration.GetSection(item);
string[] names = configuration.GetSection("ApiScope").Value.Split(",");
foreach(var name in names)
{
ApiScope apiScope = new ApiScope(name, name);
apiScopes.Add(apiScope);
}
}
return apiScopes;
}
/// <summary>
/// Define which Apps will use thie IdentityServer
/// </summary>
/// <returns></returns>
public static IEnumerable<Client> GetClients()
{
List<Client> clients = new List<Client>();
foreach(var item in ApiNames)
{
var configuration = Configuration.GetSection(item);
string clientId = configuration["Client:ClientId"];
string clientName = configuration["Client:ClientName"];
Secret[] secrets = configuration["Client:ClientSecrets"].Split(',').Select(s=>new Secret(s.Sha256())).ToArray() ;
string[] grantTypes = configuration["Client:AllowedGrantTypes"].Split(",");
List<string> allowedScopes = configuration["Client:AllowedScopes"].Split(',').ToList();
//allowedScopes.Add(IdentityServerConstants.StandardScopes.OpenId);
//allowedScopes.Add(IdentityServerConstants.StandardScopes.Profile);
allowedScopes.Add(StandardScopes.OfflineAccess);
int accseeTokenTime =Convert.ToInt32(configuration["Client:AccseeTokenTime"]);
Client client = new Client();
client.ClientId = clientId;
client.ClientName = clientName;
client.ClientSecrets = secrets;
client.AllowedGrantTypes = grantTypes;
client.AllowedScopes = allowedScopes;
client.AccessTokenLifetime = accseeTokenTime;
client.AllowOfflineAccess = true;
clients.Add(client);
}
return clients;
}
/// <summary>
/// Define which IdentityResources will use this IdentityServer
/// </summary>
/// <returns></returns>
public static IEnumerable<IdentityResource> GetIdentityResources()
{
return new List<IdentityResource>
{
new IdentityResources.OpenId(),
new IdentityResources.Profile(),
};
}
}
}
这里有个问题,我网上百度的很多人写的就是 ApiResource apiResource = new ApiResource(name, name);就好了,但是我这里不行,如果不像下面这样写的话就一直401,然后看控制台提示“
IdentityServer4.AccessTokenValidation.IdentityServerAuthenticationHandler[7]
WebApiAuthKey was not authenticated. Failure message: IDX10214: Audience validation failed. Audiences: 'System.String'. Did not match: validationParameters.ValidAudience: 'System.String' or validationParameters.ValidAudiences: 'System.String'.
”不知道是不是因为我集成了Ocelot的原因,也有人说是IdentityServer4的4.0版本之后都要这样写
ApiResource apiResource = new ApiResource(name, name) {
Scopes = scopes
};
然后开始添加服务认
using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;
using Microsoft.Extensions.PlatformAbstractions;
namespace Core.Auth.IdentityServer4
{
public static class ConfigureIdentityServer4
{
public static IServiceCollection AddIdentityServer4(this IServiceCollection services)
{
string basePath = PlatformServices.Default.Application.ApplicationBasePath;
IIdentityServerBuilder identityServerBuilder = services.AddIdentityServer();
identityServerBuilder.AddDeveloperSigningCredential();
identityServerBuilder.AddInMemoryIdentityResources(ApiConfig.GetIdentityResources())
.AddInMemoryApiResources(ApiConfig.GetApiResources())
.AddInMemoryClients(ApiConfig.GetClients())
.AddInMemoryApiScopes(ApiConfig.GetApiScopes());
return services;
}
}
}
以上步骤弄完之后,你用postman访问http://localhost:5003/.well-known/openid-configuration,出现一下内容代表搭建成功:
,
第二步:网关添加认证:
最开始我想的是每一个服务都取添加注册认证服务,这样当然可以实现,但是这样网关悠悠什么用的。我对微服务的理解是,应该所有的请求通过网关,网关应该是是对外的,任何人都不应该知道具体的服务地址,包括认证授权,网关就应该起到一个对api的保护作用。所以我放弃了这种想法,转而去针对网关实现对认证服务的注册,很幸运,ocelot也支持identityserver,只需要简单的配置,如下部分截图:

然后添加配置节点:
"IdentityService": {
"Uri": "http://localhost:5003",//自己的认证服务地址,网关的地址为5000
"UseHttps": false,
"ApiName": {
"WebApi": "WebApi"
}
}
并且在Startup里面添加如下代码:
#region IdentityServerAuthenticationOptions => need to refactor
Action<IdentityServerAuthenticationOptions> webOption = option =>
{
option.Authority = Configuration["IdentityService:Uri"];
option.ApiName = Configuration["IdentityService:ApiName:WebApi"];
option.RequireHttpsMetadata = Convert.ToBoolean(Configuration["IdentityService:UseHttps"]);
};
services.AddAuthentication(IdentityServerAuthenticationDefaults.AuthenticationScheme)
.AddIdentityServerAuthentication("WebApiAuthKey", webOption);
到此,可以说已经是初步完成了服务的认证,我这里并没有授权操作,所以就不谈授权。
第三步 :请求获取token
我们通过postman直接访问http://localhost:5003/connect/token,然后输入必要的参数,具体的操作可以网上百度,当然可以获取token。当是我这里是要结合我自己的项目,其中肯定不想让自己设定的一些关键信息如ClientId和Secret让别人知道,放到js里面,别人直接f12查看源码就知道了,所以我的想法是通过nginx设置header的方式,这样就可以了。如下:
location /auth/credentials/token {
proxy_set_header client_secret "";
proxy_set_header client_id "";
proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:5000;
}
//我这里是通过Ocelot转发到认证服务的,不要盲目复制
然后认证服务新加一个api
using Core.Auth;
using Core.Common.EnumExtensions;
using Core.Common.Http;
using IdentityModel.Client;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Options;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Primitives;
using Newtonsoft.Json;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.IdentityModel.Tokens.Jwt;
using System.Linq;
using System.Net.Http;
using System.Security.Claims;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
namespace BlogAuthApi
{
[Route("api/auth")]
[ApiController]
public class AuthController: ControllerBase
{
private IHttpClientFactory _httpClientFactory;
public AuthController(IHttpClientFactory httpClientFactory)
{
_httpClientFactory = httpClientFactory;
}
//[Route("token")]
//[HttpGet]
//public ApiResult GetToken()
//{
// DateTime now = DateTime.Now;
// var claims = new Claim[]
// {
// // 声明主题
// new Claim(JwtRegisteredClaimNames.Sub, "Blog"),
// //JWT ID 唯一标识符
// new Claim(JwtRegisteredClaimNames.Jti, Guid.NewGuid().ToString()),
// // 发布时间戳 issued timestamp
// new Claim(JwtRegisteredClaimNames.Iat, now.ToUniversalTime().ToString(), ClaimValueTypes.Integer64)
// };
// JwtToken jwtToken = Jwt.GetToken(claims);
// return ApiResult.Success(jwtToken);
//}
[Route("credentials/token")]
[HttpGet]
public async Task<ApiResult> GetToken()
{
Request.Headers.TryGetValue("client_id", out StringValues clientId);
Request.Headers.TryGetValue("client_secret", out StringValues clientSecret);
HttpClient httpClient= _httpClientFactory.CreateClient();
Dictionary<string, string> headers = new Dictionary<string, string>();
headers.Add("client_id", clientId);
headers.Add("client_secret", clientSecret);
headers.Add("grant_type", "client_credentials");
FormUrlEncodedContent content = new FormUrlEncodedContent(headers);
var response=await httpClient.PostAsync("http://localhost:5003/connect/token",content);
if (!response.IsSuccessStatusCode)
return ApiResult.Error(HttpStatusCode.BAD_REQUEST, response.StatusCode.GetEnumText());
var responseString=await response.Content.ReadAsStringAsync();
dynamic result = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<dynamic>(responseString);
int expires = result.expires_in;
int minutes = new TimeSpan(0, 0, expires).Minutes;
string token = result.access_token;
JwtToken jwtToken = new JwtToken(token, minutes, DateTime.Now);
return ApiResult.Success(jwtToken);
}
}
}
这一样,我算是完成了自己的认证保护api的功能。
接下来我们测试一下,访问接口,我这里nginx代理我本地的80端口

获取到token,然后请求自己的接口,成功请求了:

接下来输入一个错误的token,我在token上加上23456,或者不加token,发现直接401了

,
然后过一段时间在访问,因为token已经过期了,所以也会401,我们看控制台输出
这里有个问题,因为我设置的两分钟过期,但是两分钟过后并不会真的立刻过期,具体的原因参考:https://www.cnblogs.com/stulzq/p/8998274.html.
我还没有具体的用在我的站点上面,因为我还没有弄IdentityServer4的证书,只是我本地用postman测试了下,我也是初步学习IdentityServer4,如果有不合理或错误的地方希望大家指出,欢迎大家访问我的站点:天天博客