zoukankan      html  css  js  c++  java
  • 深入理解asp.net里的IHttpHandler

    1 、概述 

     
    说明:HttpHandler是一个HTTP请求的真正处理中心。在HttpHandler容器中,ASP.NET Framework才调用HttpHandler的ProcessRequest成员方法来对这个HTTP请求进行真正的处理,真正地对客户端请求的服务器页面做出编译和执行,并将处理过后的信息附加在HTTP请求信息流中再次返回到HttpModule中。
    2、举例
    以一个aspx页面为例,正是在HttpHandler这里,一个aspx页面才被系统处理解析,并将处理完成的结果继续经由HttpModule传递下去,直至到达客户端。当然,对于aspx页面,ASP.NET Framework在默认情况下是交给System.Web.UI.PageHandlerFactory这个HttpHandlerFactory来处理的。当一个HTTP请求到达这个HttpHandlerFactory时,HttpHandlerFactory会提供出一个HttpHandler容器,交由这个HttpHandler容器来处理这个HTTP请求。 一个HTTP请求都是最终交给一个HttpHandler容器中的ProcessRequest方法来处理的。
    3、HttpHandler
    (1)实现HttpHandler,必须继承自IHttpHandler接口。下面是这个接口的定义:

    Code
    using System;
    namespace System.Web
    {
    // Summary:
    //     Defines the contract that ASP.NET implements to synchronously process HTTP
    //     Web requests using custom HTTP handlers.
    public interface IHttpHandler
        {
    // Summary:
    //     Gets a value indicating whether another request can use the System.Web.IHttpHandler
    //     instance.
    //
    // Returns:
    //     true if the System.Web.IHttpHandler instance is reusable; otherwise, false.
    //  其他Request是否可以使用IHttpHandler
    bool IsReusable { get; }
    // Summary:
    //     Enables processing of HTTP Web requests by a custom HttpHandler that implements
    //     the System.Web.IHttpHandler interface.
    //
    // Parameters:
    //   context:
    //     An System.Web.HttpContext object that provides references to the intrinsic
    //     server objects (for example, Request, Response, Session, and Server) used
    //     to service HTTP requests.
    //  处理HttpRequest
    void ProcessRequest(HttpContext context);
        }
    }

    (2)自定义HttpHandler
    a、代码
    新建一个网站,default.aspx页面:
    default.aspx.cs:

    Code
    using System;
    using System.Data;
    using System.Configuration;
    using System.Web;
    using System.Web.Security;
    using System.Web.UI;
    using System.Web.UI.WebControls;
    using System.Web.UI.WebControls.WebParts;
    using System.Web.UI.HtmlControls;
    public partial class _Default : System.Web.UI.Page
    {
    protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            Response.Write("<br/>来自Default.aspx页面<br/>");
        }
    }

    新添一个类库MyHandler,添加一个类如下:

    Code
    using System;
    using System.Collections.Generic;
    using System.Text;
    using System.Web;
    using System.Web.SessionState;
    namespace MyHandler
    {
    /// <summary>
    /// 如果要在HttpHandler容器中使用Session,必须要实现IRequiresSessionState接口
    /// </summary>
    public class MyTestHandler : IHttpHandler, IRequiresSessionState
        {
    public bool IsReusable
            {
    get { return true; }
            }
    public void ProcessRequest(HttpContext context)
            {
                context.Response.Write("<h3><b>This is a HttpHandler Test</b></h3>");
                context.Session["Test"] = "<h3><span style=\"color:blue;\">在HttpHandler容器中调用Session</span></h3>";
                context.Response.Write(context.Session["Test"]);
            }
        }
    }

    要在HttpHandler使用Session,我在旧文aspx,ascx和ashx使用小结里已经提及。
    b、配置文件
    在web.config文件的system.web节点下,添加:
          <httpHandlers>        
            <add verb="*" path="*" type="MyHandler.MyTestHandler, MyHandler"/>
          </httpHandlers>
    c、注意
    <1>、.NET为asp.net提供了很多系统默认HttpHandler类,用来适应不同类型的HttpRequest。比如aspx,在machine.config中是这样定义的:   
            <add verb="*" path="*.aspx" type="System.Web.UI.PageHandlerFactory"/>
    这就说明遇到aspx的Request请求,asp.net会将其交给System.Web.UI.PageHandlerFactory的HttpHandler类来处理。
    <2>、如果自己定义了新的HttpHandler,而且在web.config中指定,则系统只会使用这个新的HttpHandler,而不再使用原先默认的或者指定的.

    <3>、直接拷贝类库的bin目录下的文件到网站bin下.
    4、HttpHandlerFactory
    ASP.NET Framework实际不直接将相关的页面资源HTTP请求定位到一个其内部默认的IHttpHandler容器之上,而定位到了其内部默认的IHttpHandler工厂上。IHttpHandler工厂的作用是对IHttpHandler容器进行调度和管理,这样做的优点是大大增强了系统的负荷性,提升了效率。
    (1)IHttpHandlerFactory接口
    IHttpHandlerFactory接口包含两个方法:GetHandler方法返回实现IHttpHandler接口的类的实例,ReleaseHandler方法使工厂可以重用现有的处理程序实例。

    Code
    using System;
    using System.Web;
    namespace System.Web.UI
    {
    // Summary:
    //     Creates instances of classes that inherit from the System.Web.UI.Page class
    //     and implement the System.Web.IHttpHandler interface. Instances are created
    //     dynamically to handle requests for ASP.NET files. The System.Web.UI.PageHandlerFactory
    //     class is the default handler factory implementation for ASP.NET pages.  
    public class PageHandlerFactory : System.Web.IHttpHandlerFactory2, IHttpHandlerFactory
        {
    // Summary:
    //     Initializes a new instance of the System.Web.UI.PageHandlerFactory class.
    protected internal PageHandlerFactory();
    // Summary:
    //     Returns an instance of the System.Web.IHttpHandler interface to process the
    //     requested resource.
    //
    // Parameters:
    //   context:
    //     An instance of the System.Web.HttpContext class that provides references
    //     to intrinsic server objects (for example, Request, Response, Session, and
    //     Server) used to service HTTP requests.
    //
    //   requestType:
    //     The HTTP data transfer method (GET or POST) that the client uses.
    //
    //   virtualPath:
    //     The virtual path to the requested resource.
    //
    //   path:
    //     The System.Web.HttpRequest.PhysicalApplicationPath property to the requested
    //     resource.
    //
    // Returns:
    //     A new System.Web.IHttpHandler that processes the request; otherwise, null.
    public virtual IHttpHandler GetHandler(HttpContext context, string requestType, string virtualPath, string path);
    //
    // Summary:
    //     Enables a factory to reuse an existing instance of a handler.
    //
    // Parameters:
    //   handler:
    //     The System.Web.IHttpHandler to reuse.
    public virtual void ReleaseHandler(IHttpHandler handler);
        }
    }

    (2) 实现一个简单的HttpHandler工厂
    类库新添一个文件MyHandlerFactor.cs:

    Code
    using System;
    using System.Collections.Generic;
    using System.Text;
    using System.Web;
    namespace MyHandler
    {
    public class MyHandlerFactory : IHttpHandlerFactory
        {
    public IHttpHandler GetHandler(HttpContext context, string requestType, string url, string pathTranslated)
            {
    string fileName = url.Substring(url.LastIndexOf('/') + 1);
    string objName = fileName.Substring(0, fileName.IndexOf('.'));
    string className = "MyHandler." + objName;
    object objHandler = null;
    try
                {
    // 采用动态反射机制创建相应的IHttpHandler实现类。
                    objHandler = Activator.CreateInstance(Type.GetType(className));
                    context.Response.Write(className);
    //context.Response.Redirect("default.aspx");
                }
    catch (Exception e)
                {
    throw new HttpException("工厂不能为类型" + objName + "创建实例。", e);
                }
    return (IHttpHandler)objHandler;
            }
    public void ReleaseHandler(IHttpHandler handler)
            {
            }
        }
    public class Handler1 : IHttpHandler
        {
    public bool IsReusable
            {
    get { return true; }
            }
    public void ProcessRequest(HttpContext context)
            {
                context.Response.Write("<br/>这是来自于MyHandlerFactory里的处理.<br/>");
                context.Response.Write("<h3>来自Handler1的信息.</h3>");
            }
        }
    public class Handler2 : IHttpHandler
        {
    public bool IsReusable
            {
    get { return true; }
            }
    public void ProcessRequest(HttpContext context)
            {
                context.Response.Write("<br/>这是来自于MyHandlerFactory里的处理.<br/>");
                context.Response.Write("<h3>来自Handler2的信息.</h3>");
            }
        }
    }

    网站新添两个文件,Handler1.aspx和Handler2.aspx。它们的cs文件:

    Code
    using System;
    using System.Data;
    using System.Configuration;
    using System.Collections;
    using System.Web;
    using System.Web.Security;
    using System.Web.UI;
    using System.Web.UI.WebControls;
    using System.Web.UI.WebControls.WebParts;
    using System.Web.UI.HtmlControls;
    public partial class Handler1 : System.Web.UI.Page
    {
    protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
               Response.Write("这是来自于MyHandler页面直接输出..."); 
               //这一句不起作用了,MyHandlerFactory已经对该页面的HttpContext进行了处理
        }
    }

    接着重新修改配置文件:
          <httpHandlers> 
               <add verb="*" path="Handler1.aspx" type="MyHandler.MyHandlerFactory, MyHandler"/>
               <add verb="*" path="Handler2.aspx" type="MyHandler.MyHandlerFactory, MyHandler"/>
          </httpHandlers>
    到这里,针对Handler1.aspx和Handler2.aspx两个页面的http请求我们就通过HttpHandler工厂处理好了。
    5、HttpHandler和HttpModule的区别
    主要有两点:
    (1)先后次序.先IHttpModule,后IHttpHandler,IHttpHandler处理结束后再交给IHttpModule;
    (2)对请求的处理上:
            IHttpModule是属于大小通吃类型,无论客户端请求的是什么文件,都会调用到它;例如aspx,html,rar的请求;
            IHttpHandler则属于挑食类型,只有asp.net注册过的文件类型(例如aspx,ascx,asmx等等)才会轮到调用它。

  • 相关阅读:
    jquery从零开始(一)
    Android第三次作业
    Android第一次作业
    团队作业-项目答辩
    软工第二次作业
    软工团队第二次作业
    bug killer 团队
    软件工程第一次作业
    Android第四次作业
    Android第三次作业
  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/NoRoad/p/1761944.html
Copyright © 2011-2022 走看看