/*
输入参数:
Longitude - 经度(单位"度")
Latitude - 纬度(单位"度")
Year - 年
Month - 月
Day - 日
Hour - 时
Minute - 分
Second - 秒
输出参数:
Height - 太阳高度角 (单位"弧度")
Direction - 太阳方位角 (单位"弧度")
*/
void SunPositionNR(double Longitude, double Latitude, int year, int month, int day, int hour, int minute, int second, double& height, double& direction)
{
double A = year/4;
double B = A-floor(A);
double C = 32.8;
if(month <= 2)
C = 30.6;
if(B==0 && month>2)
C = 31.8;
double G = floor(30.6*month-C+0.5)+day;
double L = Longitude/15.0; //经度修正
double H = hour-8 + minute/60.0; //时刻修正
double N = G+(H-L)/24.0; //计算积日
double theta, NO; //theta为日角
NO = 79.6764 + 0.2422*(year-1985) - floor((year-1985)/4.0);
theta = 2*PI*(N-NO)/365.2422;
double lat;//赤纬角
lat = 0.3723+23.2567*sin(theta)+0.1149*sin(2*theta)-0.1712*sin(3*theta)-0.758*cos(theta)+0.3656*cos(2*theta)+0.0201*cos(3*theta);
lat = lat*3.14159265358979/180.0;
double Et;//时差(以分钟为单位)
Et = 0.0028-1.9857*sin(theta)+9.9059*sin(2*theta)-7.0924*cos(theta)-0.6882*cos(2*theta);
double timeAngle;//时角
timeAngle = ( (hour-12) + (minute - (120.0-Longitude) * 4.0 + Et)/60.0 ) * 15.0;
timeAngle = timeAngle * 3.14159265358979 / 180.0;
// 将纬度由角度转换为弧度
Latitude = Latitude * 3.14159265358979 / 180.0;
// 太阳高度角
height = sin(Latitude)*sin(lat)+cos(Latitude)*cos(lat)*cos(timeAngle);
height = asin(height);
// 太阳方位角
direction = (sin(height)*sin(Latitude)-sin(lat))/(cos(height)*cos(Latitude));
direction = acos(direction);
if (timeAngle<0) //(以正南方向为0度,顺时针为正)
direction *= -1.0;
}
以武汉某一天为例:

将日出时间代入得到:height = -0.015, 算是非常准确的了。