Nginx编译安装
Linux 7为例子，前边OS的配置或者优化项比如关闭防火墙就忽略不写了。
主要写Nginx的编译安装。
官方下载网址：
一般我们都需要先装pcre, zlib，ssl，pcre为了重写rewrite，zlib为了gzip压缩，ssl 功能需要openssl库。
可以使用yum安装，想使用最新版本的pcre，zlib以及ssl可以使用源码安装。
ssl参考我另外的博客：Linux升级openssh过程
不过为了方便这里示例是使用yum进行安装的。
依赖包安装
yum install -y gcc gcc-c++ make automake autoconf libtool pcre pcre-devel openssl-devel zlib zlib-devel openssl
配置环境变量
vi ~/.bash_profile export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/nginx/sbin
source生效或者重新开启新新会话生效。
解压编译安装
tar -zxvf nginx-1.20.1.tar.gz cd nginx-1.20.1 ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --conf-path=/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf --with-http_gzip_static_module --with-http_stub_status_module --with-file-aio --with-http_realip_module --with-http_ssl_module make make install echo $? [root@dm8 soft]# tar -zxvf nginx-1.20.1.tar.gz [root@dm8 soft]# cd nginx-1.20.1 [root@dm8 nginx-1.20.1]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx > --conf-path=/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf > --with-http_gzip_static_module > --with-http_stub_status_module > --with-file-aio > --with-http_realip_module > --with-http_ssl_module [root@dm8 nginx-1.20.1]# make [root@dm8 nginx-1.20.1]# make install [root@dm8 nginx-1.20.1]# echo $?
依赖包都安装的话基本不会遇到问题。
另外，如果开始pcre，zlib，ssl使用源码安装,则对应的需要的依赖包和configure使用如下:
yum install -y gcc gcc-c++ make automake autoconf libtool ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --sbin-path=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx --conf-path=/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf --pid-path=/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid --with-http_gzip_static_module --with-http_stub_status_module --with-file-aio --with-http_realip_module --with-http_ssl_module --with-pcre=/soft/pcre-8.45 --with-zlib=/soft/zlib-1.2.11 --with-openssl=/soft/openssl-1.1.1k
--with-pcre=/soft/pcre-8.45 指的是pcre-8.45的源码路径。
--with-zlib=/soft/zlib-1.2.11指的是zlib-1.2.11的源码路径。
--with-openssl=/soft/openssl-1.1.1k指的是openssl-1.1.1k的源码路径。
建议使用/usr/local/src/目录代替/soft。
配置开机自启
Nginx官网选择NGINX Init Scripts启动脚本，根据OS类型为RedHat/CentOS选择Red Hat NGINX Init Script。
添加nginx启动脚本
1 vi /etc/init.d/nginx 2 #!/bin/sh 3 # 4 # nginx - this script starts and stops the nginx daemon 5 # 6 # chkconfig: - 85 15 7 # description: NGINX is an HTTP(S) server, HTTP(S) reverse 8 # proxy and IMAP/POP3 proxy server 9 # processname: nginx 10 # config: /etc/nginx/nginx.conf 11 # config: /etc/sysconfig/nginx 12 # pidfile: /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid 13 14 # Source function library. 15 . /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions 16 17 # Source networking configuration. 18 . /etc/sysconfig/network 19 20 # Check that networking is up. 21 [ "$NETWORKING" = "no" ] && exit 0 22 23 nginx="/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx" 24 prog=$(basename $nginx) 25 26 NGINX_CONF_FILE="/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf" 27 28 [ -f /etc/sysconfig/nginx ] && . /etc/sysconfig/nginx 29 30 lockfile=/var/lock/subsys/nginx 31 32 make_dirs() { 33 # make required directories 34 user=`$nginx -V 2>&1 | grep "configure arguments:.*--user=" | sed 's/[^*]*--user=([^ ]*).*/1/g' -` 35 if [ -n "$user" ]; then 36 if [ -z "`grep $user /etc/passwd`" ]; then 37 useradd -M -s /bin/nologin $user 38 fi 39 options=`$nginx -V 2>&1 | grep 'configure arguments:'` 40 for opt in $options; do 41 if [ `echo $opt | grep '.*-temp-path'` ]; then 42 value=`echo $opt | cut -d "=" -f 2` 43 if [ ! -d "$value" ]; then 44 # echo "creating" $value 45 mkdir -p $value && chown -R $user $value 46 fi 47 fi 48 done 49 fi 50 } 51 52 start() { 53 [ -x $nginx ] || exit 5 54 [ -f $NGINX_CONF_FILE ] || exit 6 55 make_dirs 56 echo -n $"Starting $prog: " 57 daemon $nginx -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE 58 retval=$? 59 echo 60 [ $retval -eq 0 ] && touch $lockfile 61 return $retval 62 } 63 64 stop() { 65 echo -n $"Stopping $prog: " 66 killproc $prog -QUIT 67 retval=$? 68 echo 69 [ $retval -eq 0 ] && rm -f $lockfile 70 return $retval 71 } 72 73 restart() { 74 configtest || return $? 75 stop 76 sleep 1 77 start 78 } 79 80 reload() { 81 configtest || return $? 82 echo -n $"Reloading $prog: " 83 killproc $prog -HUP 84 retval=$? 85 echo 86 } 87 88 force_reload() { 89 restart 90 } 91 92 configtest() { 93 $nginx -t -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE 94 } 95 96 rh_status() { 97 status $prog 98 } 99 100 rh_status_q() { 101 rh_status >/dev/null 2>&1 102 } 103 104 case "$1" in 105 start) 106 rh_status_q && exit 0 107 $1 108 ;; 109 stop) 110 rh_status_q || exit 0 111 $1 112 ;; 113 restart|configtest) 114 $1 115 ;; 116 reload) 117 rh_status_q || exit 7 118 $1 119 ;; 120 force-reload) 121 force_reload 122 ;; 123 status) 124 rh_status 125 ;; 126 condrestart|try-restart) 127 rh_status_q || exit 0 128 ;; 129 *) 130 echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|status|restart|condrestart|try-restart|reload|force-reload|configtest}" 131 exit 2 132 esac
说明：这段脚本分别修改了第12，23，26行。
其中第12行为nginx.pid位置，虽然是#注释的，不过会影响启动时候pid的判定位置，导致卡住。
在使用service nginx start的之后会卡住并生成/run/systemd/generator.late/nginx.service文件，该文件中PIDFile的值根据这第12行的位置来生成。
比如如果不修改12行，默认是
# pidfile: /var/run/nginx.pid
此时有如下问题
[root@dm8 init.d]# service nginx start Starting nginx (via systemctl): Warning: nginx.service changed on disk. Run 'systemctl daemon-reload' to reload units. 卡住......
使用systemctl看状态有：
[root@dm8 ~]# systemctl status nginx ● nginx.service - SYSV: NGINX is an HTTP(S) server, HTTP(S) reverse proxy and IMAP/POP3 proxy server Loaded: loaded (/etc/rc.d/init.d/nginx; bad; vendor preset: disabled) Active: activating (start) since Fri 2021-08-27 06:17:14 EDT; 18s ago Docs: man:systemd-sysv-generator(8) Process: 1627 ExecStart=/etc/rc.d/init.d/nginx start (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) CGroup: /system.slice/nginx.service ├─1287 nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf └─1289 nginx: worker process Aug 27 06:17:14 dm8 systemd[1]: Starting SYSV: NGINX is an HTTP(S) server, HTTP(S) reverse proxy and IMAP/POP3 proxy server... Aug 27 06:17:14 dm8 systemd[1]: Can't open PID file /var/run/nginx.pid (yet?) after start: No such file or directory
看最后一行的路径就有问题。
并且有
[root@dm8 ~]# cat /run/systemd/generator.late/nginx.service # Automatically generated by systemd-sysv-generator [Unit] Documentation=man:systemd-sysv-generator(8) SourcePath=/etc/rc.d/init.d/nginx Description=SYSV: NGINX is an HTTP(S) server, HTTP(S) reverse proxy and IMAP/POP3 proxy server [Service] Type=forking Restart=no TimeoutSec=5min IgnoreSIGPIPE=no KillMode=process GuessMainPID=no RemainAfterExit=no PIDFile=/var/run/nginx.pid ExecStart=/etc/rc.d/init.d/nginx start ExecStop=/etc/rc.d/init.d/nginx stop ExecReload=/etc/rc.d/init.d/nginx reload
授权启动脚本
chmod 755 /etc/init.d/nginx
启动Nginx并设置开机启动
确认当前Nginx没在运行。
[root@dm8 init.d]# service nginx start
Starting nginx (via systemctl): [ OK ]
此时，会有如下文件产生。
[root@dm8 conf]# ll /run/systemd/generator.late/nginx.service -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 510 Aug 27 07:04 /run/systemd/generator.late/nginx.service
将之拷贝至如下目录。
cp /run/systemd/generator.late/nginx.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/
之后的/usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service内容如下（有修改）。
[root@dm8 conf]# cat /usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service # Automatically generated by systemd-sysv-generator [Unit] Documentation=man:systemd-sysv-generator(8) SourcePath=/etc/rc.d/init.d/nginx Description=SYSV: NGINX is an HTTP(S) server, HTTP(S) reverse proxy and IMAP/POP3 proxy server [Service] Type=forking Restart=no TimeoutSec=5min IgnoreSIGPIPE=no KillMode=process GuessMainPID=no ExecStartPre=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf RemainAfterExit=no PIDFile=/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid ExecStart=/etc/rc.d/init.d/nginx start ExecStop=/etc/rc.d/init.d/nginx stop ExecReload=/etc/rc.d/init.d/nginx reload ExecStartPost=/bin/sleep 0.1 [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target
如果不添加
ExecStartPost=/bin/sleep 0.1systemctl status nginx的话有如下问题，根据Systemd Error "systemd[1]: Failed to read PID from file /var/run/iscsid.pid: Invalid argument" (文档 ID 2335138.1)类似的情形，可以忽略：
Aug 27 03:39:43 dm8 systemd[1]: Can't open PID file /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid (yet?) after start: No such file or directory 或者 Aug 27 10:15:51 dm8 systemd[1]: Failed to parse PID from file /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid: Invalid argument
如果不添加
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
则无法被enable自启动。
另外的解决方法：Failed to parse PID from file
也可以参考官网NGINX systemd service file做修改，正常不需要。
重载且设置开机自启。
[root@dm8 ~]# systemctl daemon-reload [root@dm8 ~]# systemctl enable nginx [root@dm8 ~]# systemctl restart nginx [root@dm8 ~]# systemctl status nginx
另外也可以不需要/etc/init.d/nginx脚本（兼容Linux 6），直接参考NGINX systemd service file创建配置nginx.server。
参考链接
https://www.nginx.com/resources/wiki/start/topics/examples/initscripts/
https://www.nginx.com/resources/wiki/start/topics/examples/redhatnginxinit/
https://www.kancloud.cn/tinywan/nginx_tutorial/753832
https://www.cnblogs.com/skynet/p/4146083.html
Systemd Error "systemd[1]: Failed to read PID from file /var/run/iscsid.pid: Invalid argument" (文档 ID 2335138.1)