运算符重载 operator+[纯属温习啊][附加了一些内容 如：同名属性，复制构造函数]

 

//转换运算符具有以下特点：
    //声明为 implicit 的转换在需要时自动进行。
    //声明为 explicit 的转换需要调用强制转换。
    //所有转换都必须是 static 转换。

    public class OperatorOverride
    {
        public static void Execute()
        {
            Complex num1 = new Complex(12, 3);
            Complex num2 = new Complex(16, 4);

            //overload
            Complex sum = num1 + num2;
            Complex sum1 = num1 - num2;
            Complex sum2 = num1 * num2;
            Complex sum3 = num1 / num2;

            //implicit
            double dd = sum;

            //explicit
            byte b = 3;
            Digit d = (Digit)b;

            //implicit
            Digit digit = new Digit(3);
            byte bb = digit;

            //Display
            System.Console.WriteLine("complex number:  {0}", sum);
            System.Console.WriteLine("complex number:  {0}", sum1);
            System.Console.WriteLine("complex number:  {0}", sum2);
            System.Console.WriteLine("complex number:  {0}", sum3);
            System.Console.WriteLine("complex number:  {0}", dd);
            System.Console.WriteLine("complex number:  {0}", d.GetType());
            System.Console.WriteLine("complex number:  {0}", bb);


        }
    }

    public struct Complex
    {
        int real;
        int imaginary;

        public Complex(int real, int imaginary)
        {
            this.real = real;
            this.imaginary = imaginary;
        }


        //重载 + - * /
        public static Complex operator +(Complex c1, Complex c2)
        {
            return new Complex(c1.real + c2.real, c1.imaginary + c2.imaginary);
        }

        public static Complex operator -(Complex c1, Complex c2)
        {
            return new Complex(c1.real - c2.real, c1.imaginary - c2.imaginary);
        }

        public static Complex operator *(Complex c1, Complex c2)
        {
            return new Complex(c1.real * c2.real, c1.imaginary * c2.imaginary);
        }

        public static Complex operator /(Complex c1, Complex c2)
        {
            return new Complex(c1.real / c2.real, c1.imaginary / c2.imaginary);
        }

        //隐式转换运算符
        public static implicit operator double(Complex cc)
        {
            return (double)cc.real / cc.imaginary;
        }

        public override string ToString()
        {
            return (String.Format("{0}+{1}i", real, imaginary));
        }
    }

    struct Digit
    {
        byte value;

        public Digit(byte value)  //constructor
        {
            if (value > 9)
            {
                throw new System.ArgumentException();
            }
            this.value = value;
        }

        //显式转换运算符
        //此运算符将类型 Byte 转换为称为 Digit 的值类型。
        //*由于不是所有字节都可以转换为数字，因此转换是显式的，这意味着必须使用强制转换
        public static explicit operator Digit(byte b)
        {
            Digit d = new Digit(b);

            System.Console.WriteLine("conversion occurred");
            return d;
        }

        //隐式转换运算符
        //由于任何数字都可以转换为 Byte，因此没有必要一定让用户知道进行的转换
        public static implicit operator byte(Digit d)
        {
            return d.value;
        }
    }

有关属性：
如何访问基类中被派生类中具有同一名称的另一个属性隐藏的属性。

public class Employee
    {
        private string name;

        public string Name   《《《----
        {
            get { return name; }
            set { name = value; }
        }
    }

    public class Manager : Employee
    {
        private string name;

        public new string Name   《《《----
        {
            get { return name; }
            set { name = value; }
        }
    
    }

    sealed class UserProperty
    {
        public void execute()
        {
            Manager m = new Manager();

            m.Name = "RuiLei";   

            ((Employee)m).Name = "Lei";  //Base Name

            System.Console.WriteLine("Name in the derived class is: {0}", m.Name);
            System.Console.WriteLine("Name in the base class is: {0}", ((Employee)m).Name);

        }

    }

比较有意思

复制构造函数：

static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Instance person = new Instance("George", 40);

            //浅度赋值
            Instance personFleet = person;

            //深度赋值
            //类是没有Clone方法的，需要继承ICloneable
            //Instance personDeep = (Instance)person.Clone();

            System.Console.WriteLine(personFleet.Details);
            //System.Console.WriteLine(personDeep.Details);

            person.name = "AAA";

            System.Console.WriteLine(personFleet.Details);
            //System.Console.WriteLine(personDeep.Details);

            /**////Fleet result:
            ///     George is 40
            ///     AAA is 40
            /// 
            ///Deep result:
            ///     George is 40
            ///     George is 40
            
        }

[Serializable]
    public class Instance : ICloneable
    {
        public string name;
        private int age;

        // Copy constructor.
        public Instance(Instance previousPerson)
        {
            name = previousPerson.name;
            age = previousPerson.age;
        }

        // Instance constructor.
        public Instance(string name, int age)
        {
            this.name = name;
            this.age = age;
        }

        // Get accessor.
        public string Details
        {
            get
            {
                return name + " is " + age.ToString();
            }
        }

        ICloneable Members#region ICloneable Members

        public object Clone()
        {
            return base.MemberwiseClone();
        }

        #endregion
    }