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  • 数据结构之数羊问题

    1.有50只羊,从第一个开始数,每隔三个取出一只羊,然后继续隔三个取出,问最后那一只羊是哪一只。

    分析:先不考虑什么循环结构之类的,就想到什么写什么,到最后你会发现规律。

    (1)先定义一个数组,里面存储的内容的是小羊的编号。并且定义按照数组下标值增加和查询,删除数组值的方法

    
    

    public class Array01 {
    int maxSize;
    int [] a;
    int nElems;
    public Array01(int m) {
    maxSize=m;
    a=new int [maxSize];
    nElems=0;
    }
    public void setElem(int x) { //增加
    a[nElems++]=x;

    }
    public int getElem(int y) {  //查询
    return a[y];
    }
    public void delete (int h) {  //删除
    int temp;
    temp=a[h];
    for(int i=h;i<nElems-1;i++ ) {
    a[i]=a[i+1];
    }

    nElems--;
    System.out.print(temp+" ");


    }

    }

     

    (2)初始化小羊数组

    public static void main(String[] agrs) {
            int n=50;  //n是小羊的个数
            int m=3;    //m是间隔
            Array01 arr=new Array01(n);  //初始化小羊数组
            for(int i=0;i<n;i++) {          //给每个小羊设置编号,即给数组赋值1-n
                arr.setElem(i+1);
                System.out.print(arr.getElem(i)+" ");
            }
        
            System.out.println();
    }

    (3)先考虑如果没有超出数组界限的情况下,该怎么选取和删除小羊。

    int p=0;//记录开始数的位置
    p=p+(m-1);
    arr.delete(p%arr.nElems);

    通过上面的代码,你会发现数组会减去一个数,而这个数正好是3。然后再复制粘贴p=p+(m-1);  arr.delete(p%arr.nElems);这两串代码,你会发现事情继续按照预想的那样执行。所以。

    public class Array01 {
        int maxSize;
        int [] a;
        int nElems;
        public  Array01(int m) {
            maxSize=m;
            a=new int [maxSize];
            nElems=0;
        }
        public void setElem(int x) {
            a[nElems++]=x;
            
        }
        public int getElem(int y) {
            return  a[y];
        }
        public  void delete (int h) {
            int temp;
            temp=a[h];
            for(int i=h;i<nElems-1;i++ ) {
                a[i]=a[i+1];
            }
                
            nElems--;
            System.out.print(temp+" "); 
            
            
        }
        public static void main(String[] agrs) {
            int n=50;
            int m=3;
            Array01 arr=new Array01(n);
            System.out.print("原羊:");
            for(int i=0;i<n;i++) {
                arr.setElem(i+1);
                System.out.print(+arr.getElem(i)+" ");
            }
        
            System.out.println();
            int p=0;//记录开始数的位置
            System.out.print("取掉的羊:");
            p=p+(m-1);
            arr.delete(p%arr.nElems);
            p=p+(m-1);
            arr.delete(p%arr.nElems);
            p=p+(m-1);
            arr.delete(p%arr.nElems);
            p=p+(m-1);
            arr.delete(p%arr.nElems);
            p=p+(m-1);
            arr.delete(p%arr.nElems);
            p=p+(m-1);
            arr.delete(p%arr.nElems);
            p=p+(m-1);
            arr.delete(p%arr.nElems);
            p=p+(m-1);
            arr.delete(p%arr.nElems);
            p=p+(m-1);
            arr.delete(p%arr.nElems);
            p=p+(m-1);
            arr.delete(p%arr.nElems);
            p=p+(m-1);
            arr.delete(p%arr.nElems);
            p=p+(m-1);
            arr.delete(p%arr.nElems);
            p=p+(m-1);
            arr.delete(p%arr.nElems);
            p=p+(m-1);
            arr.delete(p%arr.nElems);
            
            p=p+(m-1);
            arr.delete(p%arr.nElems);
            p=p+(m-1);
            arr.delete(p%arr.nElems);
    
            p=p+(m-1);
            arr.delete(p%arr.nElems);
            
            
            System.out.println();
            System.out.print("剩下的羊:");
            for(int i=0;i<arr.nElems;i++)
            System.out.print(arr.getElem(i)+" ");
            System.out.println();
        
            
            
            
        }
    
        
    
    }

    执行结果:

    原羊:1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50
    取掉的羊:3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33 36 39 42 45 48 1
    剩下的羊:2 4 5 7 8 10 11 13 14 16 17 19 20 22 23 25 26 28 29 31 32 34 35 37 38 40 41 43 44 46 47 49 50

    (4)这样我们就第一次遍历完了整个数组。还有剩余的养,剩余的养会组成一个新的数组,对于我们来说又可以像上面那一步一样,寻找和删除,因为规律是一样的。

        p=0;
            System.out.print("取掉的羊:");
            p=p+(m-1);
            arr.delete(p%arr.nElems);
            p=p+(m-1);
            arr.delete(p%arr.nElems);
            p=p+(m-1);
            arr.delete(p%arr.nElems);
            p=p+(m-1);
            arr.delete(p%arr.nElems);
            p=p+(m-1);
            arr.delete(p%arr.nElems);
            p=p+(m-1);
            arr.delete(p%arr.nElems);
            p=p+(m-1);
            arr.delete(p%arr.nElems);
            p=p+(m-1);
            arr.delete(p%arr.nElems);
            p=p+(m-1);
            arr.delete(p%arr.nElems);
            p=p+(m-1);
            arr.delete(p%arr.nElems);
            p=p+(m-1);
            arr.delete(p%arr.nElems);
            System.out.println();
            System.out.print("剩下的羊:");
            
            for(int i=0;i<arr.nElems;i++)
            System.out.print(arr.getElem(i)+" ");
            System.out.println();

    结果:

    原羊:1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50
    取掉的羊:3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33 36 39 42 45 48 1
    剩下的羊:2 4 5 7 8 10 11 13 14 16 17 19 20 22 23 25 26 28 29 31 32 34 35 37 38 40 41 43 44 46 47 49 50
    取掉的羊:5 10 14 19 23 28 32 37 41 46 50
    剩下的羊:2 4 7 8 11 13 16 17 20 22 25 26 29 31 34 35 38 40 43 44 47 49

    (5)按照这个规律,我想都知道该怎么做了,复制粘贴代码,自己目测是否已经遍历了整个数组,决定需要复制的代码量。

    
    

    public class Array01{
    int maxSize;
    int [] a;
    int nElems;
    public Array01(int m) {
    maxSize=m;
    a=new int [maxSize];
    nElems=0;
    }
    public void setElem(int x) {
    a[nElems++]=x;

    }
    public int getElem(int y) {
    return a[y];
    }
    public void delete (int h) {
    int temp;
    temp=a[h];
    for(int i=h;i<nElems-1;i++ ) {
    a[i]=a[i+1];
    }

    nElems--;
    System.out.print(temp+" ");


    }
    public static void main(String[] agrs) {
    int n=50;
    int m=3;
    Array01 arr=new Array01(n);
    System.out.print("原羊:");
    for(int i=0;i<n;i++) {
    arr.setElem(i+1);
    System.out.print(+arr.getElem(i)+" ");
    }
    System.out.println();

    //第一个外层
    int p=0;//记录开始数的位置
    System.out.print("取掉的羊:");
    p=p+(m-1);
    arr.delete(p%arr.nElems);
    p=p+(m-1);
    arr.delete(p%arr.nElems);
    p=p+(m-1);
    arr.delete(p%arr.nElems);
    p=p+(m-1);
    arr.delete(p%arr.nElems);
    p=p+(m-1);
    arr.delete(p%arr.nElems);
    p=p+(m-1);
    arr.delete(p%arr.nElems);
    p=p+(m-1);
    arr.delete(p%arr.nElems);
    p=p+(m-1);
    arr.delete(p%arr.nElems);
    p=p+(m-1);
    arr.delete(p%arr.nElems);
    p=p+(m-1);
    arr.delete(p%arr.nElems);
    p=p+(m-1);
    arr.delete(p%arr.nElems);
    p=p+(m-1);
    arr.delete(p%arr.nElems);
    p=p+(m-1);
    arr.delete(p%arr.nElems);
    p=p+(m-1);
    arr.delete(p%arr.nElems);

    p=p+(m-1);
    arr.delete(p%arr.nElems);
    p=p+(m-1);
    arr.delete(p%arr.nElems);
    p=p+(m-1);
    arr.delete(p%arr.nElems);
    System.out.println();
    System.out.print("剩下的羊:");
    for(int i=0;i<arr.nElems;i++)
    System.out.print(arr.getElem(i)+" ");
    System.out.println();
    //第二个外层
    p=0;
    System.out.print("取掉的羊:");
    p=p+(m-1);
    arr.delete(p%arr.nElems);
    p=p+(m-1);
    arr.delete(p%arr.nElems);
    p=p+(m-1);
    arr.delete(p%arr.nElems);
    p=p+(m-1);
    arr.delete(p%arr.nElems);
    p=p+(m-1);
    arr.delete(p%arr.nElems);
    p=p+(m-1);
    arr.delete(p%arr.nElems);
    p=p+(m-1);
    arr.delete(p%arr.nElems);
    p=p+(m-1);
    arr.delete(p%arr.nElems);
    p=p+(m-1);
    arr.delete(p%arr.nElems);
    p=p+(m-1);
    arr.delete(p%arr.nElems);
    p=p+(m-1);
    arr.delete(p%arr.nElems);
    System.out.println();
    System.out.print("剩下的羊:");
    for(int i=0;i<arr.nElems;i++)
    System.out.print(arr.getElem(i)+" ");
    System.out.println();
    //第三个外层
    p=0;
    System.out.print("取掉的羊:");
    p=p+(m-1);
    arr.delete(p%arr.nElems);
    p=p+(m-1);
    arr.delete(p%arr.nElems);
    p=p+(m-1);
    arr.delete(p%arr.nElems);
    p=p+(m-1);
    arr.delete(p%arr.nElems);
    p=p+(m-1);
    arr.delete(p%arr.nElems);
    p=p+(m-1);
    arr.delete(p%arr.nElems);
    p=p+(m-1);
    arr.delete(p%arr.nElems);


    p=p+(m-1);
    arr.delete(p%arr.nElems);
    System.out.println();
    System.out.print("剩下的羊:");
    for(int i=0;i<arr.nElems;i++)
    System.out.print(arr.getElem(i)+" ");
    System.out.println();
    //第四个外层
    p=0;
    System.out.print("取掉的羊:");
    p=p+(m-1);
    arr.delete(p%arr.nElems);
    p=p+(m-1);
    arr.delete(p%arr.nElems);
    p=p+(m-1);
    arr.delete(p%arr.nElems);
    p=p+(m-1);
    arr.delete(p%arr.nElems);
    p=p+(m-1);
    arr.delete(p%arr.nElems);
    System.out.println();
    System.out.print("剩下的羊:");
    for(int i=0;i<arr.nElems;i++)
    System.out.print(arr.getElem(i)+" ");
    System.out.println();
    //第五个外层
    p=0;
    System.out.print("取掉的羊:");

    p=p+(m-1);
    arr.delete(p%arr.nElems);
    p=p+(m-1);
    arr.delete(p%arr.nElems);
    p=p+(m-1);
    arr.delete(p%arr.nElems);
    System.out.println();
    System.out.print("剩下的羊:");
    for(int i=0;i<arr.nElems;i++)
    System.out.print(arr.getElem(i)+" ");
    System.out.println();
    //
    p=0;
    System.out.print("取掉的羊:");

    p=p+(m-1);
    arr.delete(p%arr.nElems);
    p=p+(m-1);
    arr.delete(p%arr.nElems);

    System.out.println();
    System.out.print("剩下的羊:");
    for(int i=0;i<arr.nElems;i++)
    System.out.print(arr.getElem(i)+" ");
    System.out.println();

    //第六个外层
    p=0;
    System.out.print("取掉的羊:");
    p=p+(m-1);
    arr.delete(p%arr.nElems);
    p=p+(m-1);
    int end=arr.getElem(p%arr.nElems);
    arr.delete(p%arr.nElems);
    System.out.println();
    System.out.print("剩下的羊:");
    for(int i=0;i<arr.nElems;i++)
    System.out.print(arr.getElem(i)+" ");
    System.out.println();

    System.out.println("最后一次取的羊:"+end);


    }

    
    
    
    
    

    }

     

    结果:

    原羊:1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50
    取掉的羊:3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33 36 39 42 45 48 1
    剩下的羊:2 4 5 7 8 10 11 13 14 16 17 19 20 22 23 25 26 28 29 31 32 34 35 37 38 40 41 43 44 46 47 49 50
    取掉的羊:5 10 14 19 23 28 32 37 41 46 50
    剩下的羊:2 4 7 8 11 13 16 17 20 22 25 26 29 31 34 35 38 40 43 44 47 49
    取掉的羊:7 13 20 26 34 40 47 4
    剩下的羊:2 8 11 16 17 22 25 29 31 35 38 43 44 49
    取掉的羊:11 22 31 43 2
    剩下的羊:8 16 17 25 29 35 38 44 49
    取掉的羊:17 35 49
    剩下的羊:8 16 25 29 38 44
    取掉的羊:25 44
    剩下的羊:8 16 29 38
    取掉的羊:29 16
    剩下的羊:8 38
    最后一次取的羊:16

    从这个过程我们可以知道哪个是核心代码,哪个是核心属性

    2.将循环的部分用循环语句写出

    public class Array02 {
        int maxSize;
        int [] a;
        int nElems;
        public  Array02(int m) {
            maxSize=m;
            a=new int [maxSize];
            nElems=0;
        }
        public void setElem(int x) {
            a[nElems++]=x;
            
        }
        public int getElem(int y) {
            return  a[y];
        }
        public  void delete (int h) {
            int temp;
            temp=a[h];
            for(int i=h;i<nElems-1;i++ ) {
                a[i]=a[i+1];
            }
                
            nElems--;
            System.out.print(temp+" "); 
            
            
        }
        public static void main(String[] agrs) {
            int end=0;
            int n=50;
            int m=3;
            Array01 arr=new Array01(n);
            System.out.print("原羊:");
            for(int i=0;i<n;i++) {
                arr.setElem(i+1);
                System.out.print(+arr.getElem(i)+" ");
            }
            System.out.println();
            
           
            while(arr.nElems>=m) {
            
            int p=0;//记录开始数的位置
            System.out.print("取掉的羊:");
            while(p<arr.nElems) {
                
            p=p+(m-1);
            if(arr.nElems==3)
                 end=arr.getElem(p%arr.nElems);
                arr.delete(p%arr.nElems);
            }
            System.out.println();
            System.out.print("剩下的羊:");
            for(int i=0;i<arr.nElems;i++)
            System.out.print(arr.getElem(i)+" ");
            System.out.println();
            
            }
            System.out.println("最后一次取的羊:"+end);
        
            
            
        }
    
        
    
    }

    有三个地方,第一是外层循环什么时候结束(当数组的长度小于3时结束),第二是里面的循环什么时候结束(当p超过数组末尾时结束),第三是最后取值怎么取(当数组只有三个数时就是取值的最佳时期)。

    3.整理通用的

    public class Array01 {
        int maxSize;
        int [] a;
        int nElems;
        public  Array01(int m) {
            maxSize=m;
            a=new int [maxSize];
            nElems=0;
        }
        public void setElem(int x) {
            a[nElems++]=x;
            
        }
        public int getElem(int y) {
            return  a[y];
        }
        public  void delete (int h) {
            int temp;
            temp=a[h];
            for(int i=h;i<nElems-1;i++ ) {
                a[i]=a[i+1];
            }
                
            nElems--;
            System.out.print(temp+" "); 
            
            
        }
        public static void main(String[] agrs) {
            int end=0;  //放置最后取的羊的编号
            int n=50;//羊的总个数
            int m=3; //隔几个数取值
            int p;//移动的标记,选定从哪开始数起
            Array01 arr=new Array01(n);
            System.out.print("原羊:");
            for(int i=0;i<n;i++) {
                arr.setElem(i+1);
                System.out.print(+arr.getElem(i)+" ");
            }
            System.out.println();
            
           
            while(arr.nElems>=m) {
            
             p=0;//记录开始数的位置
            System.out.print("取掉的羊:");
            while(p<arr.nElems) {
                
            p=p+(m-1);
            if(arr.nElems==m)
                 end=arr.getElem(p%arr.nElems);
                arr.delete(p%arr.nElems);
            }
            System.out.println();
            System.out.print("剩下的羊:");
            for(int i=0;i<arr.nElems;i++)
            System.out.print(arr.getElem(i)+" ");
            System.out.println();
            
            }
            System.out.println("最后一次取的羊:"+end);
        
            
            
        }
    
        
    
    }
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/S-Mustard/p/7612346.html
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