项目中发现使用OleDb(using System.Data.OleDb)相关对象处理Excel导入功能,不是很稳定经常出问题,需要把这个问题解决掉。项目组提出使用OpenXML来处理Excel的导入、导出问题,出于兴趣对OpenXML了解一下,做了简单Demo。
1.Open XML准备
使用Open XML操作Excel需要安装Open XML Format SDK 2.0及其以上版本,其相关对象和接口建立在Open XML SDK CTP 2基础上的,使用前先下载Open XML Format SDK 2.0及其以上版本。SDK默认会安装在C:Program Files (x86)Open XML Format SDKV2.0 (64bit)目录下,lib子目录下的DocumentFormat.OpenXml.dll必须被引用到项目中。Open XML支持Office 2007及其以上版本,Open XML好像升级到2.5版本了,对于Open XML 2.0和2.5其对象和API接口有所不同,请查阅相关文档。把这个小Demo整出来,花了一些时间,主要是对其中的相关对象和API接口使用的不了解。
2.简单Excel zip包介绍
大家应该知道Office 2007都是一些XML文件的压缩包,可以创建一个Office 2007的Excel文件,简单录入几条数据,保存一下。复制一下,做个副本,修改其后缀为zip格式,这样就可以看到Excel的一些相关文件。因需要测试功能,做了简单的Office 2007的文件,修改为zip解压查看相关文件如下图:
其中需要注意的几个文件styles.xml、sharedStrings.xml、workbook.xml、worksheets中各个sheet。
styles.xml:主要用来存放Excel中样式的(包括格式化的数据格式,如日期、货币等等);
sharedStrings.xml:主要存放共享的String数据的,在没有对Excel中相关单元格和数据格式化都可以通过这个文件读取;
workbook.xml:主要存放工作簿中各个工作表的命名和命名空间,在获取各个工作表的名称可以通过寻址找到节点,获取各表名称;
worksheets中各个sheet:主要存放各个工作表的相关数据库 可以通过下面这个图了解各个对象的关系,这个是Open XML 2.5开发的相关对象(http://msdn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/library/office/gg278316.aspx):
3.简单功能介绍
使用OpenXML操作Excel,将Excel中的数据正确读取出来,保持到数据库。但是碰到一些问题,就是如何读取格式化的数据,把日期、时间、货币进行数据格式化,就不能正确的读取数据,由于不是很了解,花了些时间,在网上查了查相关资料解决了一下。估计不是最优解,如果对这方面了解的大牛,希望能指导一下,提供一些更好的方法。
这里测试了两块,一块把Excel的所有数据按Excel定义的格式转换成DataTable和DataSet;另一块把Excel中数据对照相关数据库实体对象,使用反射进行实体属性赋值,转换失败,则Excel中的数据就有问题。
一块是将Excel的数据全部搬到DataTable或DataSet,不考虑这些数据是来自数据库的几个表,如果业务需要可以对这个DataTable或DataSet操作;
另一块是进行数据库实体对象校验,必须Excel中单元格的数据格式和数据库中字段的存储格式一致,当然也可以根据业务的需要继续添加各种验证,你可以继续丰富、优化代码。
稍加改进了一下,可以支持泛型对象的转换,可以将符合规格的Excel的数据转换成对应的实体对象,即可以映射任何实体对象。那么就可以根据需要转换成DataTable或DataSet,或者对多表数据的转换,可以在此基础上优化,希望对你有帮助。
4.简单实现介绍
实现就是建一个WinForm程序,一个导入按钮,一个DataView呈现数据,一个OpenFileDialog选择文件。两个辅助解析Excel的类,ExcelOper和ExcelOperMatch,一个是不进行校验之间转化为DataTableDataSet的;一个是需要数据校验的,其中ExcelOperMatch调用ExcelOper写好的两个方法:GetWorkBookPartRows(获取WorkBookPart中所有的行数据)和GetCellValue(获取单元格的值)。其中对于格式化样式不太好处理,测试数据2的样式:
5.简单实现效果
1).测试数据1
2).实现数据1
3).测试数据2
4).实现数据2
5).测试数据3
6).实现数据3
6.示例Demo代码:
1).ExcelOper.cs文件代码
(注意DLL和命名空间的引入:using DocumentFormat.OpenXml.Packaging和using DocumentFormat.OpenXml.Spreadsheet和using System.Diagnostics;)
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using System.Data; using System.IO; using DocumentFormat.OpenXml.Packaging; using DocumentFormat.OpenXml.Spreadsheet; using System.Xml; using System.Diagnostics; using DocumentFormat.OpenXml; using System.Reflection; namespace OpenXMLHelper { /// <summary> /// 思考问题: /// 1.对于Excel中所有不进行任何验证,直接转化为Table(有列头和无列头) /// 2.对于Excel中数据匹配某一指定表的列头及其数据(有列头) /// 3.对于Excel中数据不是处理在一张表中(有列头和无列头) /// 4.对于Excel中数据多表处理和单表处理 /// 5.对于Excel中一个Sheet的数据来自多张数据库表 /// </summary> public class ExcelOper { /// <summary> /// 将DataTable转化为XML输出 /// </summary> /// <param name="dataTable">DataTable</param> /// <param name="fileName">文件名称</param> public void DataTableToXML(DataTable dataTable, string fileName) { //指定程序安装目录 string filePath = AppDomain.CurrentDomain.SetupInformation.ApplicationBase + fileName; using (FileStream fs = new FileStream(filePath, FileMode.OpenOrCreate, FileAccess.Write)) { using (XmlWriter xmlWriter = XmlWriter.Create(fs)) { dataTable.WriteXml(xmlWriter, XmlWriteMode.IgnoreSchema); } } Process.Start(filePath); } /// <summary> /// 将Excel多单一表转化为DataSet数据集对象 /// </summary> /// <param name="filePath">Excel文件路径</param> /// <returns>转化的数据集</returns> public DataSet ExcelToDataSet(string filePath) { Class1 cl = new Class1(); cl.Open(filePath); DataSet dataSet = new DataSet(); try { using (SpreadsheetDocument spreadDocument = SpreadsheetDocument.Open(filePath, false)) { //指定WorkbookPart对象 WorkbookPart workBookPart = spreadDocument.WorkbookPart; //获取Excel中SheetName集合 List<string> sheetNames = GetSheetNames(workBookPart); foreach (string sheetName in sheetNames) { DataTable dataTable = WorkSheetToTable(workBookPart, sheetName); if (dataTable != null) { dataSet.Tables.Add(dataTable);//将表添加到数据集 } } } } catch (Exception exp) { //throw new Exception("可能Excel正在打开中,请关闭重新操作!"); } return dataSet; } /// <summary> /// 将Excel单一表转化为DataTable对象 /// </summary> /// <param name="sheetName">SheetName</param> /// <param name="stream">Excel文件路径</param> /// <returns>DataTable对象</returns> public DataTable ExcelToDataTable(string sheetName, string filePath) { DataTable dataTable = new DataTable(); //try //{ //根据Excel流转换为spreadDocument对象 using (SpreadsheetDocument spreadDocument = SpreadsheetDocument.Open(filePath, false))//Excel文档包 { //Workbook workBook = spreadDocument.WorkbookPart.Workbook;//主文档部件的根元素 //Sheets sheeets = workBook.Sheets;//块级结构(如工作表、文件版本等)的容器 WorkbookPart workBookPart = spreadDocument.WorkbookPart; //获取Excel中SheetName集合 List<string> sheetNames = GetSheetNames(workBookPart); if (sheetNames.Contains(sheetName)) { //根据WorkSheet转化为Table dataTable = WorkSheetToTable(workBookPart, sheetName); } } //} //catch (Exception exp) //{ // //throw new Exception("可能Excel正在打开中,请关闭重新操作!"); //} return dataTable; } /// <summary> /// 根据WorkbookPart获取所有SheetName /// </summary> /// <param name="workBookPart"></param> /// <returns>SheetName集合</returns> private List<string> GetSheetNames(WorkbookPart workBookPart) { List<string> sheetNames = new List<string>(); Sheets sheets = workBookPart.Workbook.Sheets; foreach (Sheet sheet in sheets) { string sheetName = sheet.Name; if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(sheetName)) { sheetNames.Add(sheetName); } } return sheetNames; } /// <summary> /// 根据WorkbookPart和sheetName获取该Sheet下所有Row数据 /// </summary> /// <param name="workBookPart">WorkbookPart对象</param> /// <param name="sheetName">SheetName</param> /// <returns>该SheetName下的所有Row数据</returns> public IEnumerable<Row> GetWorkBookPartRows(WorkbookPart workBookPart, string sheetName) { IEnumerable<Row> sheetRows = null; //根据表名在WorkbookPart中获取Sheet集合 IEnumerable<Sheet> sheets = workBookPart.Workbook.Descendants<Sheet>().Where(s => s.Name == sheetName); if (sheets.Count() == 0) { return null;//没有数据 } WorksheetPart workSheetPart = workBookPart.GetPartById(sheets.First().Id) as WorksheetPart; //获取Excel中得到的行 sheetRows = workSheetPart.Worksheet.Descendants<Row>(); return sheetRows; } /// <summary> /// 根据WorkbookPart和sheetName获取该Sheet下所有Row数据 /// </summary> /// <param name="workBookPart">WorkbookPart对象</param> /// <param name="sheetName">SheetName</param> /// <returns>该SheetName下的所有Row数据</returns> public IEnumerable<Column> GetWorkBookPartColumns(WorkbookPart workBookPart, string sheetName) { IEnumerable<Column> sheetColumns = null; //根据表名在WorkbookPart中获取Sheet集合 IEnumerable<Sheet> sheets = workBookPart.Workbook.Descendants<Sheet>().Where(s => s.Name == sheetName); if (sheets.Count() == 0) { return null;//没有数据 } WorksheetPart workSheetPart = workBookPart.GetPartById(sheets.First().Id) as WorksheetPart; //获取Excel中得到的行 sheetColumns = workSheetPart.Worksheet.Descendants<Column>(); return sheetColumns; } /// <summary> /// 根据WorkbookPart和表名创建DataTable对象 /// </summary> /// <param name="workBookPart">WorkbookPart对象</param> /// <param name="tableName">表名</param> /// <returns>转化后的DataTable</returns> private DataTable WorkSheetToTable(WorkbookPart workBookPart, string sheetName) { //创建Table DataTable dataTable = new DataTable(sheetName); //根据WorkbookPart和sheetName获取该Sheet下所有行数据 IEnumerable<Row> sheetRows = GetWorkBookPartRows(workBookPart, sheetName); IEnumerable<Column> sheetColumns = GetWorkBookPartColumns(workBookPart, sheetName); if (sheetRows == null || sheetRows.Count() <= 0) { return null; } foreach (Column col in sheetColumns) { uint str = col.Min; } //将数据导入DataTable,假定第一行为列名,第二行以后为数据 foreach (Row row in sheetRows) { //获取Excel中的列头 if (row.RowIndex == 1) { List<DataColumn> listCols = GetDataColumn(row, workBookPart); dataTable.Columns.AddRange(listCols.ToArray()); } else { //Excel第二行同时为DataTable的第一行数据 DataRow dataRow = GetDataRow(row, dataTable, workBookPart); if (dataRow != null) { dataTable.Rows.Add(dataRow); } } } return dataTable; } /// <summary> /// 根据WorkbookPart获取NumberingFormats样式集合 /// </summary> /// <param name="workBookPart">WorkbookPart对象</param> /// <returns>NumberingFormats样式集合</returns> private List<string> GetNumberFormatsStyle(WorkbookPart workBookPart) { List<string> dicStyle = new List<string>(); Stylesheet styleSheet = workBookPart.WorkbookStylesPart.Stylesheet; OpenXmlElementList list = styleSheet.NumberingFormats.ChildElements;//获取NumberingFormats样式集合 foreach (var element in list)//格式化节点 { if (element.HasAttributes) { using (OpenXmlReader reader = OpenXmlReader.Create(element)) { if (reader.Read()) { if (reader.Attributes.Count > 0) { string numFmtId = reader.Attributes[0].Value;//格式化ID string formatCode = reader.Attributes[1].Value;//格式化Code dicStyle.Add(formatCode);//将格式化Code写入List集合 } } } } } return dicStyle; } /// <summary> /// 根据行对象和WorkbookPart对象获取DataColumn集合 /// </summary> /// <param name="row">Excel中行记录</param> /// <param name="workBookPart">WorkbookPart对象</param> /// <returns>返回DataColumn对象集合</returns> private List<DataColumn> GetDataColumn(Row row, WorkbookPart workBookPart) { List<DataColumn> listCols = new List<DataColumn>(); foreach (Cell cell in row) { string cellValue = GetCellValue(cell, workBookPart); DataColumn col = new DataColumn(cellValue); listCols.Add(col); } return listCols; } /// <summary> /// 根据Excel行数据库表WorkbookPart对象获取数据DataRow /// </summary> /// <param name="row">Excel中行对象</param> /// <param name="dateTable">数据表</param> /// <param name="workBookPart">WorkbookPart对象</param> /// <returns>返回一条数据记录</returns> private DataRow GetDataRow(Row row, DataTable dateTable, WorkbookPart workBookPart) { //读取Excel中数据,一一读取单元格,若整行为空则忽视该行 DataRow dataRow = dateTable.NewRow(); IEnumerable<Cell> cells = row.Elements<Cell>(); int cellIndex = 0;//单元格索引 int nullCellCount = cellIndex;//空行索引 foreach (Cell cell in row) { string cellVlue = GetCellValue(cell, workBookPart); if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(cellVlue)) { nullCellCount++; } dataRow[cellIndex] = cellVlue; cellIndex++; } if (nullCellCount == cellIndex)//剔除空行 { dataRow = null;//一行中单元格索引和空行索引一样 } return dataRow; } /// <summary> /// 根据Excel单元格和WorkbookPart对象获取单元格的值 /// </summary> /// <param name="cell">Excel单元格对象</param> /// <param name="workBookPart">Excel WorkbookPart对象</param> /// <returns>单元格的值</returns> public string GetCellValue(Cell cell, WorkbookPart workBookPart) { string cellValue = string.Empty; if (cell.ChildElements.Count == 0)//Cell节点下没有子节点 { return cellValue; } string cellRefId = cell.CellReference.InnerText;//获取引用相对位置 string cellInnerText = cell.CellValue.InnerText;//获取Cell的InnerText cellValue = cellInnerText;//指定默认值(其实用来处理Excel中的数字) //获取WorkbookPart中NumberingFormats样式集合 List<string> dicStyles = GetNumberFormatsStyle(workBookPart); //获取WorkbookPart中共享String数据 SharedStringTable sharedTable = workBookPart.SharedStringTablePart.SharedStringTable; try { EnumValue<CellValues> cellType = cell.DataType;//获取Cell数据类型 if (cellType != null)//Excel对象数据 { switch (cellType.Value) { case CellValues.SharedString://字符串 //获取该Cell的所在的索引 int cellIndex = int.Parse(cellInnerText); cellValue = sharedTable.ChildElements[cellIndex].InnerText; break; case CellValues.Boolean://布尔 cellValue = (cellInnerText == "1") ? "TRUE" : "FALSE"; break; case CellValues.Date://日期 cellValue = Convert.ToDateTime(cellInnerText).ToString(); break; case CellValues.Number://数字 cellValue = Convert.ToDecimal(cellInnerText).ToString(); break; default: cellValue = cellInnerText; break; } } else//格式化数据 { if (dicStyles.Count > 0 && cell.StyleIndex != null)//对于数字,cell.StyleIndex==null { int styleIndex = Convert.ToInt32(cell.StyleIndex.Value); string cellStyle = dicStyles[styleIndex];//获取该索引的样式 if (cellStyle.Contains("yyyy") || cellStyle.Contains("h") || cellStyle.Contains("dd") || cellStyle.Contains("ss")) { //如果为日期或时间进行格式处理,去掉“;@” cellStyle = cellStyle.Replace(";@", ""); while (cellStyle.Contains("[") && cellStyle.Contains("]")) { int otherStart = cellStyle.IndexOf('['); int otherEnd = cellStyle.IndexOf("]"); cellStyle = cellStyle.Remove(otherStart, otherEnd - otherStart + 1); } double doubleDateTime = double.Parse(cellInnerText); DateTime dateTime = DateTime.FromOADate(doubleDateTime);//将Double日期数字转为日期格式 if (cellStyle.Contains("m")) { cellStyle = cellStyle.Replace("m", "M"); } if (cellStyle.Contains("AM/PM")) { cellStyle = cellStyle.Replace("AM/PM", ""); } // cellValue = dateTime.ToString(cellStyle);//不知道为什么Excel 2007中格式日期为yyyy/m/d cellValue = dateTime.ToString(); } else//其他的货币、数值 { cellStyle = cellStyle.Substring(cellStyle.LastIndexOf('.') - 1).Replace("\", ""); decimal decimalNum = decimal.Parse(cellInnerText); cellValue = decimal.Parse(decimalNum.ToString(cellStyle)).ToString(); } } } } catch (Exception exp) { //string expMessage = string.Format("Excel中{0}位置数据有误,请确认填写正确!", cellRefId); //throw new Exception(expMessage); cellValue = "N/A"; } return cellValue; } /// <summary> /// 获取Excel中多表的表名 /// </summary> /// <param name="filePath"></param> /// <returns></returns> private List<string> GetExcelSheetNames(string filePath) { string sheetName = string.Empty; List<string> sheetNames = new List<string>();//所有Sheet表名 using (SpreadsheetDocument spreadDocument = SpreadsheetDocument.Open(filePath, false)) { WorkbookPart workBook = spreadDocument.WorkbookPart; Stream stream = workBook.GetStream(FileMode.Open); XmlDocument xmlDocument = new XmlDocument(); xmlDocument.Load(stream); XmlNamespaceManager xmlNSManager = new XmlNamespaceManager(xmlDocument.NameTable); xmlNSManager.AddNamespace("default", xmlDocument.DocumentElement.NamespaceURI); XmlNodeList nodeList = xmlDocument.SelectNodes("//default:sheets/default:sheet", xmlNSManager); foreach (XmlNode node in nodeList) { sheetName = node.Attributes["name"].Value; sheetNames.Add(sheetName); } } return sheetNames; } #region SaveCell private void InsertTextCellValue(Worksheet worksheet, string column, uint row, string value) { Cell cell = ReturnCell(worksheet, column, row); CellValue v = new CellValue(); v.Text = value; cell.AppendChild(v); cell.DataType = new EnumValue<CellValues>(CellValues.String); worksheet.Save(); } private void InsertNumberCellValue(Worksheet worksheet, string column, uint row, string value) { Cell cell = ReturnCell(worksheet, column, row); CellValue v = new CellValue(); v.Text = value; cell.AppendChild(v); cell.DataType = new EnumValue<CellValues>(CellValues.Number); worksheet.Save(); } private static Cell ReturnCell(Worksheet worksheet, string columnName, uint row) { Row targetRow = ReturnRow(worksheet, row); if (targetRow == null) return null; return targetRow.Elements<Cell>().Where(c => string.Compare(c.CellReference.Value, columnName + row, true) == 0).First(); } private static Row ReturnRow(Worksheet worksheet, uint row) { return worksheet.GetFirstChild<SheetData>(). Elements<Row>().Where(r => r.RowIndex == row).First(); } #endregion } }
2).ExcelOperMatch.cs代码
(注意命名空间的引入:using System.Reflection;[稍作改进添加反射实体泛型支持方法,这样就可以将符合规则的Excel数据转换成对应的数据表])
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using DocumentFormat.OpenXml.Packaging; using DocumentFormat.OpenXml.Spreadsheet; using System.Reflection; using System.Globalization; namespace OpenXMLTest { public class ExcelOperMatch { /// <summary> /// 根据SheetName和文件路径转换实体对象 /// 将Excel中的数据映射实体对象集合 /// </summary> /// <param name="sheetName">操作SheetName</param> /// <param name="filePath">文件路径</param> /// <returns>实体对象集合</returns> public List<TestPerson> ExcelToPersons(string sheetName, string filePath) { List<TestPerson> listTestPersons = new List<TestPerson>(); try { using (SpreadsheetDocument spreadDocument = SpreadsheetDocument.Open(filePath, false))//Excel文档包 { WorkbookPart workBookPart = spreadDocument.WorkbookPart; listTestPersons = ExtcelToObjects(workBookPart, sheetName); } } catch(Exception exp) { // throw new Exception("可能Excel正在打开中,请关闭重新操作!"); } return listTestPersons; } /// <summary> /// 根据WorkbookPart和SheetName获取实体对象集合 /// </summary> /// <param name="workBookPart">WorkbookPart对象</param> /// <param name="sheetName">sheetName</param> /// <returns>实体对象集合</returns> private List<TestPerson> ExtcelToObjects(WorkbookPart workBookPart, string sheetName) { List<TestPerson> listPersons = new List<TestPerson>(); List<string> columnValues = new List<string>();//列头值集合 List<string> rowCellValues = null;//行数据集合 //获取WorkbookPart下名为sheetName的Sheet的所有行数据 IEnumerable<Row> sheetRows = new ExcelOper().GetWorkBookPartRows(workBookPart, sheetName); if (sheetRows == null || sheetRows.Count() <= 0) { return null; } //将数据导入DataTable,假定第一行为列名,第二行以后为数据 foreach (Row row in sheetRows) { rowCellValues = new List<string>();//新行数据 foreach (Cell cell in row) { //获取单元格的值 string cellValue = new ExcelOper().GetCellValue(cell, workBookPart); if (row.RowIndex == 1) { columnValues.Add(cellValue); } else { rowCellValues.Add(cellValue); } } if (row.RowIndex > 1) { int rowIndex = Convert.ToInt32(row.RowIndex.ToString()); //使用强类型处理 TestPerson singlePerson = ConvertToTestPerson(rowIndex, columnValues, rowCellValues); //使用泛型处理,可以转换任意实体 //TestPerson singlePerson = ConvertToObject<TestPerson>(rowIndex, columnValues, rowCellValues); listPersons.Add(singlePerson); } } return listPersons; } /// <summary> /// 根据行号列集合行集合转换实体对象 /// </summary> /// <param name="rowIndex">行索引</param> /// <param name="columnValues">列头集合</param> /// <param name="rowCellValues">一行数据集合</param> /// <returns>映射的实体对象</returns> private TestPerson ConvertToTestPerson(int rowIndex, List<string> columnValues, List<string> rowCellValues) { TestPerson singlePerson = new TestPerson();//TestPerson对象 foreach (PropertyInfo pi in singlePerson.GetType().GetProperties()) { for (int index = 0; index < columnValues.Count; index++) { try { if (pi.Name.Equals(columnValues[index], StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase)) { String propertyType = pi.PropertyType.Name; switch (propertyType) { case "Int32": pi.SetValue(singlePerson, int.Parse(rowCellValues[index]), null); break; case "DateTime": pi.SetValue(singlePerson, DateTime.Parse(rowCellValues[index]), null); break; case "Decimal": pi.SetValue(singlePerson, Decimal.Parse(rowCellValues[index]), null); break; case "Double": pi.SetValue(singlePerson, Double.Parse(rowCellValues[index]), null); break; case "String": pi.SetValue(singlePerson, rowCellValues[index], null); break; case "Boolean": pi.SetValue(singlePerson, Boolean.Parse(rowCellValues[index]), null); break; } break; } } catch (Exception exp) { index = (index - 1) % 26; string cellRef = Convert.ToChar(65 + index).ToString() +rowIndex; string expMessage = string.Format("请确认Excel中{0}位置数据填写正确!", cellRef); throw new Exception(expMessage); } } } return singlePerson; } /// <summary> /// 使用泛型,这样可以针对任何实体对象进行映射参照 /// </summary> /// <typeparam name="T">映射实体对象</typeparam> /// <param name="rowIndex">行号</param> /// <param name="columnValues">列集合</param> /// <param name="rowCellValues">行单元格集合</param> /// <returns>实体对象</returns> private T ConvertToObject<T>(int rowIndex, List<string> columnValues, List<string> rowCellValues) { T singleT = Activator.CreateInstance<T>();//创建实体对象T foreach (PropertyInfo pi in singleT.GetType().GetProperties()) { for (int index = 0; index < columnValues.Count; index++) { try { if (pi.Name.Equals(columnValues[index], StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase)) { String propertyType = pi.PropertyType.Name; switch (propertyType) { case "Int32": pi.SetValue(singleT, int.Parse(rowCellValues[index]), null); break; case "DateTime": pi.SetValue(singleT, DateTime.Parse(rowCellValues[index]), null); break; case "Decimal": pi.SetValue(singleT, Decimal.Parse(rowCellValues[index]), null); break; case "Double": pi.SetValue(singleT, Double.Parse(rowCellValues[index]), null); break; case "String": pi.SetValue(singleT, rowCellValues[index], null); break; case "Boolean": pi.SetValue(singleT, Boolean.Parse(rowCellValues[index]), null); break; } break; } } catch (Exception exp) { index = (index - 1) % 26; string cellRef = Convert.ToChar(65 + index).ToString() + rowIndex; string expMessage = string.Format("请确认Excel中{0}位置数据填写正确!", cellRef); throw new Exception(expMessage); //singleT = default(T); } } } return singleT; } } /// <summary> /// 辅助测试类 /// </summary> public class TestPerson { #region 公共属性 //int类型测试 public int PersonID { get; set; } //bool类型测试 public bool PersonSex { get; set; } //string类型测试 public string PersonName { get; set; } //DateTime 日期测试 public DateTime PersonBirth { get; set; } //DateTime 时间测试 public DateTime PersonLogTime { get; set; } //decimal类型测试 public decimal PersonAmountMoney { get; set; } #endregion } }
3).WinForm的Button事件代码
private void btnOperExcel_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { openFileDialog1.Filter = "Text Documents (*.xlsx)|*.xlsx|All Files|*.*"; if (openFileDialog1.ShowDialog() == DialogResult.OK) { string filePath = openFileDialog1.FileName; ExcelOper excelOperation = new ExcelOper(); //DataTable dataTable = excelOperation.ExcelToDataTable("Sheet1", filePath); //excelOperation.DataTableToXML(dataTable,"Excel.xml"); //this.dataGridView1.DataSource = dataTable; //DataSet dataSet = excelOperation.ExcelToDataSet(filePath); //this.dataGridView1.DataSource=dataSet.Tables[0]; //ExcelOperMatch excelMatch = new ExcelOperMatch(); //List<TestPerson> listTestPersons = excelMatch.ExcelToPersons("Sheet1", filePath); //this.dataGridView1.DataSource = listTestPersons; } }
4).ExcelOperMatchObject.cs([新增泛型处理Excel的数据,这样可以轻松将Excel的数据转换成数据库表])
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using DocumentFormat.OpenXml.Packaging; using DocumentFormat.OpenXml.Spreadsheet; using System.Reflection; using System.Globalization; namespace OpenXMLTest { public class ExcelOperMatchObject<T> { /// <summary> /// 根据SheetName和文件路径转换实体对象 /// 将Excel中的数据映射实体对象集合 /// </summary> /// <param name="sheetName">操作SheetName</param> /// <param name="filePath">文件路径</param> /// <returns>实体对象集合</returns> public List<T> ExcelToObjects(string sheetName, string filePath) { List<T> listTestPersons = new List<T>(); try { using (SpreadsheetDocument spreadDocument = SpreadsheetDocument.Open(filePath, false))//Excel文档包 { WorkbookPart workBookPart = spreadDocument.WorkbookPart; listTestPersons = ExtcelToObjects(workBookPart, sheetName); } } catch (Exception exp) { // throw new Exception("可能Excel正在打开中,请关闭重新操作!"); } return listTestPersons; } /// <summary> /// 根据WorkbookPart和SheetName获取实体对象集合 /// </summary> /// <param name="workBookPart">WorkbookPart对象</param> /// <param name="sheetName">sheetName</param> /// <returns>实体对象集合</returns> private List<T> ExtcelToObjects(WorkbookPart workBookPart, string sheetName) { List<T> listPersons = new List<T>(); List<string> columnValues = new List<string>();//列头值集合 List<string> rowCellValues = null;//行数据集合 //获取WorkbookPart下名为sheetName的Sheet的所有行数据 IEnumerable<Row> sheetRows = new ExcelOper().GetWorkBookPartRows(workBookPart, sheetName); if (sheetRows == null || sheetRows.Count() <= 0) { return null; } //将数据导入DataTable,假定第一行为列名,第二行以后为数据 foreach (Row row in sheetRows) { rowCellValues = new List<string>();//新行数据 foreach (Cell cell in row) { //获取单元格的值 string cellValue = new ExcelOper().GetCellValue(cell, workBookPart); if (row.RowIndex == 1) { columnValues.Add(cellValue); } else { rowCellValues.Add(cellValue); } } if (row.RowIndex > 1) { int rowIndex = Convert.ToInt32(row.RowIndex.ToString()); T singlePerson = ConvertToObject<T>(rowIndex, columnValues, rowCellValues); listPersons.Add(singlePerson); } } return listPersons; } /// <summary> /// 根据行号列头集合行数据集合,转换数据实体对象 /// </summary> /// <typeparam name="T">映射实体对象</typeparam> /// <param name="rowIndex">行号</param> /// <param name="columnValues">列头集合</param> /// <param name="rowCellValues">行数据集合</param> /// <returns>实体对象</returns> private T ConvertToObject<T>(int rowIndex, List<string> columnValues, List<string> rowCellValues) { //T singlePerson = default(T); T singlePerson = Activator.CreateInstance<T>(); //Type singlePerson = typeof(T); foreach (PropertyInfo pi in singlePerson.GetType().GetProperties()) { for (int index = 0; index < columnValues.Count; index++) { if (pi.Name.Equals(columnValues[index], StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase)) { String propertyType = pi.PropertyType.Name; switch (propertyType) { case "Int32": pi.SetValue(singlePerson, int.Parse(rowCellValues[index]), null); break; case "DateTime": pi.SetValue(singlePerson, DateTime.Parse(rowCellValues[index]), null); break; case "Decimal": pi.SetValue(singlePerson, Decimal.Parse(rowCellValues[index]), null); break; case "Double": pi.SetValue(singlePerson, Double.Parse(rowCellValues[index]), null); break; case "String": pi.SetValue(singlePerson, rowCellValues[index], null); break; case "Boolean": pi.SetValue(singlePerson, Boolean.Parse(rowCellValues[index]), null); break; } break; } } } return singlePerson; } } }
5).对于第4点ExcelOperMatchObject类的调用很简单(还是在WinForm的Button事件中调用):
//Excel数据导入,泛型支持与任意实体对象匹配 //这里使用TestPerson实体对象做测试对象,你也可以用多个对象,转换成DataTable或DataSet ExcelOperMatchObject<TestPerson> execelOperObject = new ExcelOperMatchObject<TestPerson>(); List<TestPerson> listTestPersons = execelOperObject.ExcelToObjects("Sheet1", filePath); this.dataGridView1.DataSource = listTestPersons;
7.代码结构
1).ExcelOper.cs文件代码
2).ExcelOperMatch.cs代码
8.参考博客
《用Open XML SDK读取Excel》
《Walkthrough: Word 2007 XML 格式》
《使用OpenXML将Excel内容读取到DataTable中》
《SpreadsheetML 文档的结构 (Open XML SDK)》
《使用 Open XML SDK 2.0 检索 Excel 2010 中单元格的值》
至于性能方面项目组老大测试过,相对不错,你也可以用几十万条数据试一下。
对于数据库数据导出Excel的处理感兴趣的可以看看:《[转载]DataSet导出Excel,比以往的方法导出的Excel外观更加好看》