while循环:条件满足,则循环;失败,则退出
如何退出?
必须有时刻,条件测试不成功
? :条件控制变量
while 条件测试:do
循环体
done
until循环;条件不满足,则循环;否则,退出
until 测试条件;do
循环体
done
bash编程之组合测试条件
逻辑与:多个条件同时满足
[ CONDITION1 ] && [ CONDITION2 ]
[ CONDITION1 -a CONDITION2 ]
[[ CONDITION1 && CONDITION2 ]]
注意:前两个使用单双中括号都可,但&&不允许用于单个中括号中,所有第三者只能用于双中括号中
逻辑或:多个条件满足一个
[ CONDITION1 ] || [ CONDITION2 ]
[ CONDITION1 -o CONDITION2 ]
[[ CONDITION1 || CONDITION2 ]]
注意 || 不允许出现在单中括号中
得摩根定律
!(条件1或者 条件2) = !条件1 并且!条件2
!(条件1且条件2)=!条件1 或者 !条件2
练习:
1.:通过键盘提示用户输入字符,将用户输入的小写字母转换为大写,转换一次之后,在此提醒,再输入再转换,直到输入quit退出;
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 | #! /bin/bash # read -p -t 5 "Enter a Word: " word while [[ "$word" != "quit" ]]; do echo $word | tr 'a-z' 'A-Z' read -p -t 5 "Enter a Word again: " word done |
2.写一个脚本,实现如下功能;
1、显示如下菜单:
CPU) show cpu info;
men) show memory info;
disk) show disk info;
quit) quit
Enter your option:
2、根据用户的选择输出相应信息,每次执行后,不退出,而由用户咋此指定新的选项
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 | #! /bin/bash # cat <<EOF cpu) print cpu infomation men) print memory infomation disk) print disk infomation quit) Quit EOF read -p "Enter your option: " option option=` echo $option | tr 'a-z' 'A-Z' ` while [[ "$option" != "QUIT" ]]; do if [[ "$option" == "CPU" ]]; then cat /proc/cpuinfo elif [[ "$option" == "MEM" ]]; then free -m elif [[ "$option" == "DISK" ]]; then df -Th else echo "Wrong Option..." fi read -p "Enter your option: " option option=` echo $option | tr 'a-z' 'A-Z' ` done |
3.提示用户输入一个用户名,显示用户名UID和SHELl信息,否则,则显示无此用户,显示完成后,提示用户再次输入,如果quit则退出;
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 | #! /bin/bash # cat <<EOF Username)Enter your Username.. quit)quit.. EOF read -p "Enter Your userName: " userName userName=` echo $userName | tr 'A-Z' 'a-z' ` while [[ "$userName" != "QUIT" ]]; do sysUser=` cat /etc/passwd | grep ^$userName | cut -d: -f1 | tr 'A-Z' 'a-z' ` if [[ "$userName" == "$sysUser" ]]; then echo "This $userName `cat /etc/passwd | grep -i ^$userName | cut -d: -f3,7`" else echo "No Such $userName.." fi read -p "Enter Your userName: " userName userName=` echo $userName | tr 'A-Z' 'a-z' ` done #! /bin/bash # read -t 2 -p "Enter a user name: " userName userName=` echo $userName | tr 'A-Z' 'a-z' ` UID=` grep "^$userName>" /etc/passwd | cut -d: -f3` SH=` grep "^$userName>" /etc/passwd | cut -d: -f7` while [[ "$userName" != "quit" ]]; do if [ -z "$userName" ]; then echo "Username null...." elif id $userName &> /dev/null ; then echo "$userName uid: $UID" echo "$userName Shell: $SH" else echo "No such user...." fi read -t 2 -p "Enter a user name again(quit to exit) " userName done |
4.求100以内所有正整数的和;
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 | #! /bin/bash # declare -i sum =0 declare -i i=1 while [ $i - le 100 ]; do let sum +=$i let i++ done echo $ sum #! /bin/bash # declare -i sum =0 declare -i i=1 until [ $i -gt 100 ]; do let sum +=$i let i++ done echo $ sum |
5.求100以内所有偶数之和;
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 | #! /bin/bash # declare -i evensum=0 declare -i i=1 while [ $i - le 100 ]; do if [ $[$i%2] - eq 0 ]; then let evensum+=$i fi let i++ done echo $evensum #! /bin/bash # declare -i sum =0 declare -i i=0 while [[ $i - le 100 ]]; do let sum +=$i let i+=2 done echo $ sum |
6.用until求100以内整数之和;
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 | #! /bin/bash # declare -i sum =0 declare -i i=1 until [ $i -gt 100 ]; do let sum +=$i let i++ done echo $ sum |
7.提供一个用户名,判断用户是否登陆当前系统;
1.如果没有登陆,则停止5秒之后再次判断,直到用户登录系统,显示用户登录,而后退出
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 | #! /bin/bash # read -t 5 -p "Enter Your userName: " userName userName=` echo $userName | tr 'A-Z' 'a-z' ` who | grep "$userName" &> /dev/null retVal=$? while [ $retVal - ne 0 ]; do sleep 5 read -t 5 -p "Enter Your userName: " userName userName=` echo $userName | tr 'A-Z' 'a-z' ` done echo "Welcome $userName login System..." #! /bin/bash # read -t 5 -p "Enter Your userName: " userName while ! id $userName &> /dev/null ; do read -t 5 -p "Enter Your userName: " userName done who | grep "^$userName" &> /dev/null retVal=$? while [ $retVal - ne 0 ]; do sleep 5 who | grep "$userName" &> /dev/null retVal=$? done echo "Welcome $userName login System..." #! /bin/bash # read -t 5 -p "Enter Your userName: " userName while ! id $userName &> /dev/null ; do read -t 5 -p "Enter Your userName again: " userName done while ! who | grep "^$userName" &> /dev/null ; do sleep 5 done echo "Welcome $userName login System..." #! /bin/bash # read -t 5 -p "Enter Your userName: " userName until [ -n "$userName" ] && id $userName &> /dev/null ; do read -t 5 -p "Enter Your userName again: " userName done until who | grep "^$userName" &> /dev/null ; do sleep 5 done echo "Welcome $userName login System..." |
8.取出当前系统上,默认shell为bash的用户;
1 2 3 4 5 | #! /bin/bash # while read line; do [[ ` echo $line | cut -d: -f7` == "/bin/bash" ]] && echo $line | cut -d: -f1 done < /etc/passwd |
9.显示其ID号为偶数的用户;
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 | #! /bin/bash # while read line; do userID=` echo $line | cut -d: -f3` if [ $[$userID%2] - eq 0 ]; then echo -n "$userID: " echo $line | cut -d: -f1 fi done < /etc/passwd |
10.显示/etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit文件中,其总字符个数大于30的行;
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 | #! /bin/bash # while read line; do charCounts=` echo $line | wc -c` if [ $charCounts -gt 30 ]; then echo -n "$charCounts: " echo $line fi done < /etc/rc .d /rc .sysinit |
11.显示用户其UID和GID均为偶数的用户;
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 | #! /bin/bash # while read line; do userID=` echo $line | cut -d: -f3` groupID` echo $line | cut -d: -f4` if [ $[$userID%2] - eq 0 -a $[$groupID%2] - eq 0 ]; then echo -n "$userID,$groupID: " echo $line | cut -d: -f1 fi done < /etc/passwd |
12.显示/etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit文件中,其总字符个数大于30且以非#开头的行;
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 | #! /bin/bash # while read line; do charCounts=` echo $line | wc -c` if [ $charCounts -gt 30 ] && [[ "$line" =~ ^[^ #] ]]; then echo -n "$charCounts: " echo $line fi done < /etc/rc .d /rc .sysinit |
13.写一个脚本,完成如下任务;
1.提示用户输入一个磁盘设备文件路径不存在或不是一个块设备,则提示用户重新输入,知道输入正确为止,或者输入quit以9为退出码结束脚本
2.提示用户"下面的操作会清空磁盘的数据,并提问是否继续"
如果用户给出字符y或yes,则继续,否则,则提供以8为退出码结束脚本
3.将用户指定的磁盘上的分区清空,而后创建两个分区,大小分别为100M和512M
4.格式化这两个分区
5.将第一个分区挂载至/mnt/boot目录,第二个分区挂载至/mnt/sysroot目录