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Pandas | GroupBy 分组

任何分组(groupby)操作都涉及原始对象的以下操作之一:

分割对象
应用一个函数
结合的结果

在许多情况下，我们将数据分成多个集合，并在每个子集上应用一些函数。在应用函数中，可以执行以下操作:

聚合 - 计算汇总统计；
转换 - 执行一些特定于组的操作；
过滤 - 在某些情况下丢弃数据；

下面来看看创建一个DataFrame对象并对其执行所有操作 -

import pandas as pd

ipl_data = {'Team': ['Riders', 'Riders', 'Devils', 'Devils', 'Kings',
         'kings', 'Kings', 'Kings', 'Riders', 'Royals', 'Royals', 'Riders'],
         'Rank': [1, 2, 2, 3, 3,4 ,1 ,1,2 , 4,1,2],
         'Year': [2014,2015,2014,2015,2014,2015,2016,2017,2016,2014,2015,2017],
         'Points':[876,789,863,673,741,812,756,788,694,701,804,690]}
df = pd.DataFrame(ipl_data)
print (df)

输出结果：

    Points  Rank    Team  Year
0      876     1  Riders  2014
1      789     2  Riders  2015
2      863     2  Devils  2014
3      673     3  Devils  2015
4      741     3   Kings  2014
5      812     4   kings  2015
6      756     1   Kings  2016
7      788     1   Kings  2017
8      694     2  Riders  2016
9      701     4  Royals  2014
10     804     1  Royals  2015
11     690     2  Riders  2017

一、将数据拆分成组

Pandas对象可以分成任何对象。有多种方式来拆分对象，如 -

obj.groupby(‘key’)
obj.groupby([‘key1’,’key2’])
obj.groupby(key,axis=1)

现在来看看如何将分组对象应用于DataFrame对象

示例

import pandas as pd

ipl_data = {'Team': ['Riders', 'Riders', 'Devils', 'Devils', 'Kings',
         'kings', 'Kings', 'Kings', 'Riders', 'Royals', 'Royals', 'Riders'],
         'Rank': [1, 2, 2, 3, 3,4 ,1 ,1,2 , 4,1,2],
         'Year': [2014,2015,2014,2015,2014,2015,2016,2017,2016,2014,2015,2017],
         'Points':[876,789,863,673,741,812,756,788,694,701,804,690]}

df = pd.DataFrame(ipl_data)
print (df.groupby('Team'))

输出结果：

<pandas.core.groupby.DataFrameGroupBy object at 0x00000245D60AD518>

二、查看分组

import pandas as pd
ipl_data = {'Team': ['Riders', 'Riders', 'Devils', 'Devils', 'Kings',
         'kings', 'Kings', 'Kings', 'Riders', 'Royals', 'Royals', 'Riders'],
         'Rank': [1, 2, 2, 3, 3,4 ,1 ,1,2 , 4,1,2],
         'Year': [2014,2015,2014,2015,2014,2015,2016,2017,2016,2014,2015,2017],           
        'Points':[876,789,863,673,741,812,756,788,694,701,804,690]}

df = pd.DataFrame(ipl_data)
print (df.groupby('Team').groups)

输出结果：

{
'Devils': Int64Index([2, 3], dtype='int64'), 
'Kings': Int64Index([4, 6, 7], dtype='int64'), 
'Riders': Int64Index([0, 1, 8, 11], dtype='int64'), 
'Royals': Int64Index([9, 10], dtype='int64'), 
'kings': Int64Index([5], dtype='int64')
}

按多列分组

import pandas as pd
ipl_data = {'Team': ['Riders', 'Riders', 'Devils', 'Devils', 'Kings',
         'kings', 'Kings', 'Kings', 'Riders', 'Royals', 'Royals', 'Riders'],
         'Rank': [1, 2, 2, 3, 3,4 ,1 ,1,2 , 4,1,2],
         'Year': [2014,2015,2014,2015,2014,2015,2016,2017,2016,2014,2015,2017],
         'Points':[876,789,863,673,741,812,756,788,694,701,804,690]}

df = pd.DataFrame(ipl_data)
print (df.groupby(['Team','Year']).groups)

输出结果：

{
('Devils', 2014): Int64Index([2], dtype='int64'), 
('Devils', 2015): Int64Index([3], dtype='int64'), 
('Kings', 2014): Int64Index([4], dtype='int64'),
('Kings', 2016): Int64Index([6], dtype='int64'),
('Kings', 2017): Int64Index([7], dtype='int64'), 
('Riders', 2014): Int64Index([0], dtype='int64'), 
('Riders', 2015): Int64Index([1], dtype='int64'), 
('Riders', 2016): Int64Index([8], dtype='int64'), 
('Riders', 2017): Int64Index([11], dtype='int64'),
('Royals', 2014): Int64Index([9], dtype='int64'), 
('Royals', 2015): Int64Index([10], dtype='int64'), 
('kings', 2015): Int64Index([5], dtype='int64')
}

三、迭代遍历分组

使用groupby对象，可以遍历类似itertools.obj的对象。

import pandas as pd

ipl_data = {'Team': ['Riders', 'Riders', 'Devils', 'Devils', 'Kings',
         'kings', 'Kings', 'Kings', 'Riders', 'Royals', 'Royals', 'Riders'],
         'Rank': [1, 2, 2, 3, 3,4 ,1 ,1,2 , 4,1,2],
         'Year': [2014,2015,2014,2015,2014,2015,2016,2017,2016,2014,2015,2017],
         'Points':[876,789,863,673,741,812,756,788,694,701,804,690]}

df = pd.DataFrame(ipl_data)
grouped = df.groupby('Year')

for name,group in grouped:
    print (name)
    print (group)
    print ('
')

输出结果：

2014
   Points  Rank    Team  Year
0     876     1  Riders  2014
2     863     2  Devils  2014
4     741     3   Kings  2014
9     701     4  Royals  2014

2015
    Points  Rank    Team  Year
1      789     2  Riders  2015
3      673     3  Devils  2015
5      812     4   kings  2015
10     804     1  Royals  2015

2016
   Points  Rank    Team  Year
6     756     1   Kings  2016
8     694     2  Riders  2016

2017
    Points  Rank    Team  Year
7      788     1   Kings  2017
11     690     2  Riders  2017

默认情况下，groupby对象具有与分组名相同的标签名称。

四、选择一个分组

使用get_group()方法，可以选择一个组。参考以下示例代码 -

import pandas as pd

ipl_data = {'Team': ['Riders', 'Riders', 'Devils', 'Devils', 'Kings',
         'kings', 'Kings', 'Kings', 'Riders', 'Royals', 'Royals', 'Riders'],
         'Rank': [1, 2, 2, 3, 3,4 ,1 ,1,2 , 4,1,2],
         'Year': [2014,2015,2014,2015,2014,2015,2016,2017,2016,2014,2015,2017],
         'Points':[876,789,863,673,741,812,756,788,694,701,804,690]}

df = pd.DataFrame(ipl_data)
grouped = df.groupby('Year')
print (grouped.get_group(2014))

输出结果：

   Points  Rank    Team  Year
0     876     1  Riders  2014
2     863     2  Devils  2014
4     741     3   Kings  2014
9     701     4  Royals  2014

五、聚合

聚合函数为每个组返回单个聚合值。当创建了分组(group by)对象，就可以对分组数据执行多个聚合操作。

应用单个聚合函数

import pandas as pd
import numpy as np

ipl_data = {'Team': ['Riders', 'Riders', 'Devils', 'Devils', 'Kings',
         'kings', 'Kings', 'Kings', 'Riders', 'Royals', 'Royals', 'Riders'],
         'Rank': [1, 2, 2, 3, 3,4 ,1 ,1,2 , 4,1,2],
         'Year': [2014,2015,2014,2015,2014,2015,2016,2017,2016,2014,2015,2017],
         'Points':[876,789,863,673,741,812,756,788,694,701,804,690]}

df = pd.DataFrame(ipl_data)
grouped = df.groupby('Year')
print (grouped['Points'].agg(np.mean))

输出结果：

Year
2014    795.25
2015    769.50
2016    725.00
2017    739.00
Name: Points, dtype: float64

另一种查看每个分组的大小的方法是应用size()函数 -

import pandas as pd
import numpy as np

ipl_data = {'Team': ['Riders', 'Riders', 'Devils', 'Devils', 'Kings',
         'kings', 'Kings', 'Kings', 'Riders', 'Royals', 'Royals', 'Riders'],
         'Rank': [1, 2, 2, 3, 3,4 ,1 ,1,2 , 4,1,2],
         'Year': [2014,2015,2014,2015,2014,2015,2016,2017,2016,2014,2015,2017],
         'Points':[876,789,863,673,741,812,756,788,694,701,804,690]}

df = pd.DataFrame(ipl_data)
grouped = df.groupby('Team')
print (grouped.agg(np.size))

输出结果：

Team                      
Devils       2     2     2
Kings        3     3     3
Riders       4     4     4
Royals       2     2     2
kings        1     1     1

一次应用多个聚合函数

通过分组系列，还可以传递函数的列表或字典来进行聚合，并生成DataFrame作为输出

import pandas as pd
import numpy as np

ipl_data = {'Team': ['Riders', 'Riders', 'Devils', 'Devils', 'Kings',
         'kings', 'Kings', 'Kings', 'Riders', 'Royals', 'Royals', 'Riders'],
         'Rank': [1, 2, 2, 3, 3,4 ,1 ,1,2 , 4,1,2],
         'Year': [2014,2015,2014,2015,2014,2015,2016,2017,2016,2014,2015,2017],
         'Points':[876,789,863,673,741,812,756,788,694,701,804,690]}

df = pd.DataFrame(ipl_data)

print(df)
print('
')

grouped = df.groupby('Team')
agg = grouped['Points'].agg([np.sum, np.mean, np.std])
print (agg)

输出结果：

      Team  Rank  Year  Points
0   Riders     1  2014     876
1   Riders     2  2015     789
2   Devils     2  2014     863
3   Devils     3  2015     673
4    Kings     3  2014     741
5    kings     4  2015     812
6    Kings     1  2016     756
7    Kings     1  2017     788
8   Riders     2  2016     694
9   Royals     4  2014     701
10  Royals     1  2015     804
11  Riders     2  2017     690


         sum        mean         std
Team                                
Devils  1536  768.000000  134.350288
Kings   2285  761.666667   24.006943
Riders  3049  762.250000   88.567771
Royals  1505  752.500000   72.831998
kings    812  812.000000         NaN

六、转换

分组或列上的转换返回索引大小与被分组的索引相同的对象。因此，转换应该返回与组块大小相同的结果。

import pandas as pd
import numpy as np

ipl_data = {'Team': ['Riders', 'Riders', 'Devils', 'Devils', 'Kings',
         'kings', 'Kings', 'Kings', 'Riders', 'Royals', 'Royals', 'Riders'],
         'Rank': [1, 2, 2, 3, 3,4 ,1 ,1,2 , 4,1,2],
         'Year': [2014,2015,2014,2015,2014,2015,2016,2017,2016,2014,2015,2017],
         'Points':[876,789,863,673,741,812,756,788,694,701,804,690]}

df = pd.DataFrame(ipl_data)
grouped = df.groupby('Team')
score = lambda x: (x - x.mean()) / x.std()*10
print (grouped.transform(score))

输出结果：

       Points       Rank       Year
0   12.843272 -15.000000 -11.618950
1    3.020286   5.000000  -3.872983
2    7.071068  -7.071068  -7.071068
3   -7.071068   7.071068   7.071068
4   -8.608621  11.547005 -10.910895
5         NaN        NaN        NaN
6   -2.360428  -5.773503   2.182179
7   10.969049  -5.773503   8.728716
8   -7.705963   5.000000   3.872983
9   -7.071068   7.071068  -7.071068
10   7.071068  -7.071068   7.071068
11  -8.157595   5.000000  11.618950

七、过滤

过滤根据定义的标准过滤数据并返回数据的子集。filter()函数用于过滤数据。

import pandas as pd
import numpy as np

ipl_data = {'Team': ['Riders', 'Riders', 'Devils', 'Devils', 'Kings',
         'kings', 'Kings', 'Kings', 'Riders', 'Royals', 'Royals', 'Riders'],
         'Rank': [1, 2, 2, 3, 3,4 ,1 ,1,2 , 4,1,2],
         'Year': [2014,2015,2014,2015,2014,2015,2016,2017,2016,2014,2015,2017],
         'Points':[876,789,863,673,741,812,756,788,694,701,804,690]}

df = pd.DataFrame(ipl_data)
filter = df.groupby('Team').filter(lambda x: len(x) >= 3)
print (filter)

输出结果：

    Points  Rank    Team  Year
0      876     1  Riders  2014
1      789     2  Riders  2015
4      741     3   Kings  2014
6      756     1   Kings  2016
7      788     1   Kings  2017
8      694     2  Riders  2016
11     690     2  Riders  2017

在上述过滤条件下，要求返回三次以上参加IPL的队伍。

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原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/Summer-skr--blog/p/11705892.html