原题网址:https://www.lintcode.com/problem/lowest-common-ancestor-of-a-binary-tree/description
描述
给定一棵二叉树,找到两个节点的最近公共父节点(LCA)。
最近公共祖先是两个节点的公共的祖先节点且具有最大深度。
假设给出的两个节点都在树中存在
您在真实的面试中是否遇到过这个题?
样例
对于下面这棵二叉树
4
/
3 7
/
5 6
LCA(3, 5) = 4
LCA(5, 6) = 7
LCA(6, 7) = 7
标签
二叉树
LintCode 版权所有
思路:碰到二叉树问题基本上递归。这道题在递去过程中寻找A、B节点,一旦找到停止递归,进行回溯,回溯过程中找到最近公共父节点。
1.递去时,
递归终止条件为:若找到A或者B,当即返回该节点,若找不到返回NULL。
递归式,在左右子树中分别寻找。
2.回溯时,
若A、B在当前根节点左右两侧,那么当前根节点就是A、B的LCA,返回当前根节点;
若A,B在当前根节点的同一侧(left或right),那么另一侧的寻找结果为NULL。寻找结果不为NULL的那侧返回的节点,也就是最先找到的节点,即为A、B的LCA。
AC代码:
/**
* Definition of TreeNode:
* class TreeNode {
* public:
* int val;
* TreeNode *left, *right;
* TreeNode(int val) {
* this->val = val;
* this->left = this->right = NULL;
* }
* }
*/
class Solution {
public:
/*
* @param root: The root of the binary search tree.
* @param A: A TreeNode in a Binary.
* @param B: A TreeNode in a Binary.
* @return: Return the least common ancestor(LCA) of the two nodes.
*/
TreeNode * lowestCommonAncestor(TreeNode * root, TreeNode * A, TreeNode * B) {
// write your code here
if (root==NULL||A==root||B==root)
{
return root;
}
TreeNode * left=lowestCommonAncestor(root->left,A,B);
TreeNode * right=lowestCommonAncestor(root->right,A,B);
if (left&&right)
{
return root;
}
else if (left)
{
return left;
}
else if(right)
{
return right;
}
else
{
return NULL;
}
}
};
参考:
LintCode:最近公共祖先 言简意赅
Lowest Common Ancestor 讲解详细,还提供了另外一种计数器的方法
[LeetCode] Lowest Common Ancestor of a Binary Tree系列 总结了系列问题,普通二叉树LCA和二叉搜索树的LCA
思路2:用DFS求出顶点到A和B的路径,再从两条路径中找到第一个不相等的节点,则上一个节点即为LCA。参考:LintCode-最近公共祖先
AC代码:
/**
* Definition of TreeNode:
* class TreeNode {
* public:
* int val;
* TreeNode *left, *right;
* TreeNode(int val) {
* this->val = val;
* this->left = this->right = NULL;
* }
* }
*/
class Solution {
public:
/*
* @param root: The root of the binary search tree.
* @param A: A TreeNode in a Binary.
* @param B: A TreeNode in a Binary.
* @return: Return the least common ancestor(LCA) of the two nodes.
*/
TreeNode * lowestCommonAncestor(TreeNode * root, TreeNode * A, TreeNode * B) {
// write your code here
if (root==NULL)
{
return root;
}
vector<TreeNode*> cur;
vector<TreeNode*> pathA;
vector<TreeNode*> pathB;
dfst(cur,root,A,B,pathA,pathB);
TreeNode * result;
for (int i=0;i<min(pathA.size(),pathB.size());i++)
{
if (pathA[i]==pathB[i])
{
result=pathA[i];//二者相同,赋值哪个都一样;
}
else
{
break;
}
}
return result;
}
void dfst(vector<TreeNode*> cur,TreeNode * root, TreeNode * A, TreeNode * B,vector<TreeNode*> &pathA,vector<TreeNode*> &pathB)
{//注意cur不能加引用,其元素随着递归过程逐渐增多;而pathA和pathB必须为引用,否则值无法传递出去,这两数组相当于返回值;
cur.push_back(root);
if (root==A)
{
pathA=cur;
}
if (root==B)
{
pathB=cur;
}
if (root->left)
{
dfst(cur,root->left,A,B,pathA,pathB);
}
if (root->right)
{
dfst(cur,root->right,A,B,pathA,pathB);
}
}
};