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  • 【Spring】利用spring的JdbcTemplate查询返回结果映射到自定义类型

    // org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate 中的查询方法基本都有支持参数RowMapper<T> rowMapper的重载方法。下面只是随便举例2个,还有很多
    
    public <T> List<T> query(String sql, Object[] args, RowMapper<T> rowMapper) throws DataAccessException {
        ...
    };
    
    
    public <T> T queryForObject(String sql, Object[] args, RowMapper<T> rowMapper) throws DataAccessException {
        ...
    };
    
    //demo01
    List<Person> person = jdbcTemplate.query(sql, new RowMapper<Person>() {    
        @Override    
        public Person mapRow(ResultSet rs, int i) throws SQLException {        
            Person p = new Person(); //特别需要new,不然如果结果集是list就只有1个对象        
             p.setId(rs.getString("id"));        
            return p;    
        }});
    
    //特别 如果如demo写,很麻烦要set很多。此时spring提供了一个RowMapper的实现类BeanPropertyRowMapper
    //demo02
    List<Person> person =  jdbcTemplate.query(sql, new BeanPropertyRowMapper(Person.class));

    这篇博客的主要目的是分析BeanPropertyRowMapper的实现是怎么样。

    先,之前也在用jdbcTemplate来查询,但都是用demo01的方式。上周末本来想写一个BaseRowMapper(其实就是BeanPropertyRowMapper),但冬(lan)眠(si)去了。

    在今天(2016-11-07)上班的时候又用到了,于是就打算写。但看了下RowMapper的结构(ctrl+t)发现了BeanPropertyRowMapper。这不就是我想要的吗,于是决定去看下和自己的想法有什么差别。

    现在,我还没看过源码,先说我周末大致想到的:

      1、肯定要用反射,根据sql的列名/别名去找到对应的set;

        以sql返回结果集的列为准,sql有的必须有set,有set不一定sql有返回。

      2、反射效率低,如果我sql返回的是list,不应该每行都要根据反射去找set。而是应该在第一次找的时候,把列名/别名对应的set缓存起来,以后直接取;

        第一次(第一行结果)用列名/别名(不区分大小写),找到set,并缓存;之后直接用别名/列名去找set,节约反射查找set消耗的时间。

    注:以下都是BeanPropertyRowMapper源码分析

    一、缓存自定义类型的set方法

    // BeanPropertyRowMapper的成员变量
    
    /** Logger available to subclasses */
    protected final Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(getClass());
    
    /** The class we are mapping to ;要映射的class*/
    private Class<T> mappedClass;
    
    /** Whether we're strictly validating; 是否严格映射bean和sql结果 */
    private boolean checkFullyPopulated = false;
    
    /** Whether we're defaulting primitives when mapping a null value */
    private boolean primitivesDefaultedForNullValue = false;
    
    /** Map of the fields we provide mapping for;映射字段的set方法 */
    private Map<String, PropertyDescriptor> mappedFields;
    
    /** Set of bean properties we provide mapping for ;需要映射的字段*/
    private Set<String> mappedProperties;
    /**
     * Create a new BeanPropertyRowMapper, accepting unpopulated properties in the target bean.
     * <p>Consider using the {@link #newInstance} factory method instead,which allows for specifying the mapped type once only.
     * @param mappedClass the class that each row should be mapped to
     */
    public BeanPropertyRowMapper(Class<T> mappedClass) {
        initialize(mappedClass);
    }
    
    /**
     * Create a new BeanPropertyRowMapper.
     * @param mappedClass the class that each row should be mapped to
     * @param checkFullyPopulated whether we're strictly validating that all bean properties have been mapped from corresponding database fields
     */
    public BeanPropertyRowMapper(Class<T> mappedClass, boolean checkFullyPopulated) {
        initialize(mappedClass);
        this.checkFullyPopulated = checkFullyPopulated; //是否严格验证,所有bean属性已经从对应的数据库字段映射。
    }

    BeanPropertyRowMapper提供的2中构造函数中,区别只在于是否严格映射bean和sql结果(默认是false,不严格映射)。

    /**
     * Initialize the mapping metadata for the given class.
     * @param mappedClass the mapped class.
     */
    protected void initialize(Class<T> mappedClass) {
        this.mappedClass = mappedClass;  
        this.mappedFields = new HashMap<String, PropertyDescriptor>(); 
        this.mappedProperties = new HashSet<String>();
        //以上都是设置/初始化成员变量
    
        PropertyDescriptor[] pds = BeanUtils.getPropertyDescriptors(mappedClass);//org.springframework.beans.BeanUtils
       for (PropertyDescriptor pd : pds) {
            if (pd.getWriteMethod() != null) {
                this.mappedFields.put(pd.getName().toLowerCase(), pd); // key:全小写 
                  String underscoredName = underscoreName(pd.getName()); // ex:bookName --> book_name
                if (!pd.getName().toLowerCase().equals(underscoredName)) {
                  //set与其属性命名的不一致;方法是setBookName 而变量是book_name; 大致是这意思
                    this.mappedFields.put(underscoredName, pd);
                }
                this.mappedProperties.add(pd.getName()); //key:与mappedFields不一样
            }
        }
    }
    
    /**
     * Convert a name in camelCase to an underscored name in lower case.
     * Any upper case letters are converted to lower case with a preceding underscore.
     * @param name the string containing original name
     * @return the converted name
     */
    private String underscoreName(String name) { //ex: bookName --> book_name
        if (!StringUtils.hasLength(name)) {
            return "";
        }
        StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder();
        result.append(name.substring(0, 1).toLowerCase());
        for (int i = 1; i < name.length(); i++) {
            String s = name.substring(i, i + 1);
            String slc = s.toLowerCase();
            if (!s.equals(slc)) { //大写字母转换成  _+小写
                result.append("_").append(slc);
            }
            else {
                result.append(s);
            }
        }
        return result.toString();
    }

    注意:

      1、Map<String, PropertyDescriptor> mappedFields的key与Set<String> mappedProperties的value保存的并不一定是一样的:

        mappedFields的key是set方法的全小写/带下划线的全小写,而mappedProperties的是set方法名。

        ex: private String bookName; public void setBookName(..)

              mappedFields:bookname/book_name   mappedProperties:bookName

      2、关于underscoreName()的转换,效果就是: 大写 –> _+小写。 初略的认为是转换成员变量与对应set命名不一样的问题。

    BeanPropertyRowMapper.initialize(…)结合自己的设想:

      1、先根据class缓存了所有的set方法,并保存在了mappedFields。

        即当初我想要的效果,不过我想的可能是在执行第一次的时候(mapRow方法中)。而BeanPropertyRowMapper则是在构造的时候就缓存了。

      2、我所没想到的underscoreName(),可能我项目并没存在命名问题。成员变量的set/get都是工具自己生成的,命名也是采取的驼峰式(不管是java还是sql的别名)

      3、对于PropertyDescriptor的获取,spring还是用了自己的获取。我的话不确定,毕竟对反射也不是很熟悉。

        但看过一篇文章: java反射的性能问题 ,如果我自己写的话,估计还是会用java自带的吧。

        虽然不清楚spring和java自带的区别及效率,但我觉得应该spring比较好吧。不然spring直接用jdk的就行了,没必要自己再写。

    以上,BeanPropertyRowMapper在构造的时候已经有了反射,接下来就是把每行的值写到对应的属性中。

    二、写入sql结果集的值到对应bean属性

    // jdbcTemplate调用RowMapper.mapRow(...) 
    public class RowMapperResultSetExtractor<T> implements ResultSetExtractor<List<T>> {
    
        private final RowMapper<T> rowMapper;
    
        private final int rowsExpected;
    
    
        /**
         * Create a new RowMapperResultSetExtractor.
         * @param rowMapper the RowMapper which creates an object for each row
         */
        public RowMapperResultSetExtractor(RowMapper<T> rowMapper) {
            this(rowMapper, 0);
        }
    
        /**
         * Create a new RowMapperResultSetExtractor.
         * @param rowMapper the RowMapper which creates an object for each row
         * @param rowsExpected the number of expected rows
         * (just used for optimized collection handling)
         */
        public RowMapperResultSetExtractor(RowMapper<T> rowMapper, int rowsExpected) {
            Assert.notNull(rowMapper, "RowMapper is required");
            this.rowMapper = rowMapper;
            this.rowsExpected = rowsExpected;
        }
    
    
        @Override
        public List<T> extractData(ResultSet rs) throws SQLException {
            List<T> results = (this.rowsExpected > 0 ? new ArrayList<T>(this.rowsExpected) : new ArrayList<T>());
            int rowNum = 0;
            while (rs.next()) {
                results.add(this.rowMapper.mapRow(rs, rowNum++));//调用核心; 1、每行的rowMapper是同一个对象,所以可以缓存映射关系 2、mapRow为什么是new对象也是因为这个。不然list.add的是同一个return对象。
            }
            return results;
        }
    }
    // BeanPropertyRowMapper中mapRow的实现    
    @Override
    public T mapRow(ResultSet rs, int rowNumber) throws SQLException {
        Assert.state(this.mappedClass != null, "Mapped class was not specified");
        T mappedObject = BeanUtils.instantiate(this.mappedClass);  //实例化一个新对象;就是class.newInstance();
     
        BeanWrapper bw = PropertyAccessorFactory.forBeanPropertyAccess(mappedObject); //这也是spring自己的,有兴趣可以看。在这主要就是类似method.invoke(…)
        initBeanWrapper(bw); //这是个空方法,用于子类扩展
    
         ResultSetMetaData rsmd = rs.getMetaData();
        int columnCount = rsmd.getColumnCount();  // 与rsmd都是sql结果集的信息
         Set<String> populatedProperties = (isCheckFullyPopulated() ? new HashSet<String>() : null);//是否严格映射bean和sql
    
        for (int index = 1; index <= columnCount; index++) {
           String column = JdbcUtils.lookupColumnName(rsmd, index);  // 得到sql的列名/别名
            PropertyDescriptor pd = this.mappedFields.get(column.replaceAll(" ", "").toLowerCase());  // 从缓存中得到方法信息
            if (pd != null) {
                try {
                    Object value = getColumnValue(rs, index, pd);  // 得到每列的值。为什么要pd:因为要根据类型获取相应的值。
                    if (logger.isDebugEnabled() && rowNumber == 0) {
                        logger.debug("Mapping column '" + column + "' to property '" +
                                pd.getName() + "' of type " + pd.getPropertyType());
                    }
                    try {
                        bw.setPropertyValue(pd.getName(), value);  // 设置结果
                     }
                    catch (TypeMismatchException e) {
                        if (value == null && primitivesDefaultedForNullValue) {
                            logger.debug("Intercepted TypeMismatchException for row " + rowNumber +
                                    " and column '" + column + "' with value " + value +
                                    " when setting property '" + pd.getName() + "' of type " + pd.getPropertyType() +
                                    " on object: " + mappedObject);
                        }
                        else {
                            throw e;
                        }
                    }
                    if (populatedProperties != null) { //严格映射的逻辑判断
                        populatedProperties.add(pd.getName());
                    }
                }
                catch (NotWritablePropertyException ex) {
                    throw new DataRetrievalFailureException(
                            "Unable to map column " + column + " to property " + pd.getName(), ex);
                }
            }
        }
    
        if (populatedProperties != null && !populatedProperties.equals(this.mappedProperties)) { //严格映射的逻辑判断 
            throw new InvalidDataAccessApiUsageException("Given ResultSet does not contain all fields " +
                    "necessary to populate object of class [" + this.mappedClass + "]: " + this.mappedProperties);
        }
    
        return mappedObject;
    }
    public static <T> T instantiate(Class<T> clazz) throws BeanInstantiationException {
            Assert.notNull(clazz, "Class must not be null");
            if (clazz.isInterface()) {
                throw new BeanInstantiationException(clazz, "Specified class is an interface");
            }
            try {
                return clazz.newInstance();
            }
            catch (InstantiationException ex) {
                throw new BeanInstantiationException(clazz, "Is it an abstract class?", ex);
            }
            catch (IllegalAccessException ex) {
                throw new BeanInstantiationException(clazz, "Is the constructor accessible?", ex);
            }
        }
    /**
     * Initialize the given BeanWrapper to be used for row mapping.
     * To be called for each row.
     * <p>The default implementation is empty. Can be overridden in subclasses.
     * @param bw the BeanWrapper to initialize
     */
    protected void initBeanWrapper(BeanWrapper bw) {
    }
    protected Object getColumnValue(ResultSet rs, int index, PropertyDescriptor pd) throws SQLException {
        return JdbcUtils.getResultSetValue(rs, index, pd.getPropertyType());
    }
    
    // JdbcUtils.class   根据set参数的类型,决定sql返回值调用类型
    public static Object getResultSetValue(ResultSet rs, int index, Class<?> requiredType) throws SQLException {
        if (requiredType == null) {
            return getResultSetValue(rs, index);
        }
    
        Object value;
    
        // Explicitly extract typed value, as far as possible.
        if (String.class.equals(requiredType)) {
            return rs.getString(index);
        }
        else if (boolean.class.equals(requiredType) || Boolean.class.equals(requiredType)) {
            value = rs.getBoolean(index);
        }
        else if (byte.class.equals(requiredType) || Byte.class.equals(requiredType)) {
            value = rs.getByte(index);
        }
        else if (short.class.equals(requiredType) || Short.class.equals(requiredType)) {
            value = rs.getShort(index);
        }
        else if (int.class.equals(requiredType) || Integer.class.equals(requiredType)) {
            value = rs.getInt(index);
        }
        else if (long.class.equals(requiredType) || Long.class.equals(requiredType)) {
            value = rs.getLong(index);
        }
        else if (float.class.equals(requiredType) || Float.class.equals(requiredType)) {
            value = rs.getFloat(index);
        }
        else if (double.class.equals(requiredType) || Double.class.equals(requiredType) ||
                Number.class.equals(requiredType)) {
            value = rs.getDouble(index);
        }
        else if (BigDecimal.class.equals(requiredType)) {
            return rs.getBigDecimal(index);
        }
        else if (java.sql.Date.class.equals(requiredType)) {
            return rs.getDate(index);
        }
        else if (java.sql.Time.class.equals(requiredType)) {
            return rs.getTime(index);
        }
        else if (java.sql.Timestamp.class.equals(requiredType) || java.util.Date.class.equals(requiredType)) {
            return rs.getTimestamp(index);
        }
        else if (byte[].class.equals(requiredType)) {
            return rs.getBytes(index);
        }
        else if (Blob.class.equals(requiredType)) {
            return rs.getBlob(index);
        }
        else if (Clob.class.equals(requiredType)) {
            return rs.getClob(index);
        }
        else {
            // Some unknown type desired -> rely on getObject.
            if (getObjectWithTypeAvailable) {
                try {
                    return rs.getObject(index, requiredType);
                }
                catch (AbstractMethodError err) {
                    logger.debug("JDBC driver does not implement JDBC 4.1 'getObject(int, Class)' method", err);
                }
                catch (SQLFeatureNotSupportedException ex) {
                    logger.debug("JDBC driver does not support JDBC 4.1 'getObject(int, Class)' method", ex);
                }
                catch (SQLException ex) {
                    logger.debug("JDBC driver has limited support for JDBC 4.1 'getObject(int, Class)' method", ex);
                }
            }
            // Fall back to getObject without type specification...
            return getResultSetValue(rs, index);
        }
    
        // Perform was-null check if necessary (for results that the JDBC driver returns as primitives).
        return (rs.wasNull() ? null : value);
    }

    基本核心的全部源码就在这;但有个核心没看也没写出源码就是:

      BeanWrapper bw = PropertyAccessorFactory.forBeanPropertyAccess(mappedObject);
      bw.setPropertyValue(pd.getName(), value);

    其目的个人理解就是:method.invoke(…)

    感觉总体来说,和我的设想是一样的。但只是实现上效率的区别。就在PropertyDescriptor、Method、及set调用。

    个人话应该不会去写PropertyDescriptor的获取,就直接用jdk提供的了。而set的调用也是一样,直接用PropertyDescriptor找到set的Method,然后Method.invoke(…);

    (所以个人最初想的时候缓存的其实是Method而不是PropertyDescriptor)

    值的获取也没太大区别,都是判断set的参数类型,然后调用ResultSet的对应方法。

    总结:

      考虑到了优化最明显的查找set方法小号。但其余的优化还不知道:不知道哪些还可以优化、怎么优化,有待学习。

    (有待不知是哪年了,周围的都没注重技术的。都只要求业务功能的代码,管你怎么写的,也不愿给你时间、资源去学习,就知道催进度。)

    ps:

      哎,回到家大概19.50。从8.10来分开始边写边看BeanPropertyRowMapper,感觉也没写什么而且那源码核心的复杂的BeanWrapper还没看。单独是BeanPropertyRowMapper其实几分钟就看完了。结果写完就22.40左右了。

      要说学到了什么吗,真的不知道。项目实际接触的都是业务代码,没有任何技术可言(不管是旧技术还是新技术)。

      心好累…一直想转行,可惜一无是处,哎!

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/VergiLyn/p/6040963.html
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