[SQL]数据库命令

//创建数据库
CREATE DATABASE sales
ON PRIMARY
(NAME = sales_data,
FILENAME = 'd:\sales_data.mdf'
,size=10MB
,maxsize=500mb
,filegrowth=10%)
LOG ON
(NAME = sales_log,
FILENAME = 'd:\sales_log.ldf'
,size=5MB
,maxsize=100mb
,filegrowth=2mb)

SP_HELPDB SALES
//查询数据库

ALTER DATABASE sales
SET AUTO_SHRINK ON
//自动收缩

//删除数据库、、
DROP DATABASE 数据库名
//删除多个数据库
DROP DATABASE 数据库1,数据库2

//修改数据库

 

use sales
go
//为sales 创建数据表Seller
CREATE TABLE Seller
(
    SaleID char(3) NOT NULL,//销售员编号 不允许为空
    SaleName char(8) NOT NULL,//销售员名字 不允许为空
    Sex char(2),//性别
    Birthday datetime,//出生日期
    HireDate datetime,//雇佣日期
    Address char(60),//地址
    Telephone char(60),//电话
    Note char(200)//备注
)

use sales
go
CREATE TABLE Orders
(
    OrderID int identity(10248,1) NOT NULL,//起始值为10248 增量为1---标识列
    CustomerID char(3) NOT NULL,
    SaleID char(3) NOT NULL,
    OrderDate datetime,
    Notes char(200)
)

//为表添加列
ALTER TABLE Customer
ADD Address varchar(40),
    ZipCode char(6),
    Telephone varchar(15)

ALTER TABLE Customer
ALTER COLUMN Address varchar(30) NOT NULL
//修改Customer表的Address列 修改成30数据长度 并不能为空

use sales
go
ALTER TABLE Seller
DROP COLUMN Sex
//在Seller表中删除SEX 列

use sales
go

DROP TABLE table_Name
//删除表格
DROP TABLE Customer
//把Customer从数据库Sales中删除

INSERT [INTO] 表名 [列名] Values 值列表
//字符型数据和日期型数据 写入的时候要加单引号

use sales
go
INSERT INTO Category(CategoryID,CategoryName,Description)
VALUES(1,'饮料','软饮料、咖啡、茶、啤酒和淡啤酒')
//向Category添加数据

Select * from category
//查询category表

use sales
go
insert into seller(SaleID,SaleName,Birthday)
values('s11','赵宇飞','1974-07-25')
//向Seller表插入数据

use sales
go
Create table Employee
(
    EmployeeID char(3),
    EmployeeName char(8),
    Address char(60)
)
GO
Insert into Employee
Select SaleID,SaleName,Address
From Seller
Where Sex='女'
//新建一个表Employee 并从Seller表中导入数据

use sales
go
DELETE FROM Seller
Where SaleID='s11'
Select * from Product
//删除一条数据

use sales
go
CREATE TABLE Orders
(
    OrderID int Constraint pk_orderid PRIMARY KEY,
    CustomerID char(3),
    SaleID char(3),
    OrderDate datetime
)
//创建主键约束

use sales
go
ALTER TABLE Seller
add Constraint pk_saleid PRIMARY KEY(SaleID)
//修改已经建立好的表的某一项为主键约束

use sales
go
CREATE TABLE Student
(
    sid int PRIMARY KEY,
//sid为主键
    sname char(20),
    sage int CONSTRAINT ck_age CHECK(sage>=18 and sage<=30),
//建立检查约束Sage 必须>=18并且<=30
    scity char(10)
)

use sales
go
alter table Student with nocheck
add constraint check_city check(scity in('北京','上海','天津','重庆'))
//只能输入北京，上海，天津，重庆

use sales
go
alter table Seller
ADD Constraint check_telephone
check(Telephone like'([0-9][0-9][0-9])[0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9]')
//约束Telephone的值格式为[0-9]

select top 5 * From Customer
//检索前五个个

Select top 20 FERCRNT * from Customer
//检索出前20%

select TOP 6 * FOMR Product ORDER BY price DESC
//查询Product表中 价格最高的6个商品

use sales
go
select OrderID,OrderDetail.ProductID,ProductName,
Price,Quantity
from OrderDetail join Product
on OrderDetail.ProductID=Product.ProductID
where OrderID='10249'
//多表查询