zoukankan      html  css  js  c++  java
  • Python调用C模块以及性能分析

    一.c,ctypes和python的数据类型的对应关系

    ctypes type ctype Python type
    c_char char 1-character string
    c_wchar wchar_t 1-character unicode string
    c_byte char int/long
    c_ubyte unsigned char int/long
    c_short short int/long
    c_ushort unsigned short int/long
    c_int int int/long
    c_uint unsigned int int/long
    c_long long int/long
    c_ulong unsigned long int/long
    c_longlong __int64 or long long int/long
    c_ulonglong unsigned __int64 or unsigned long long int/long
    c_float float float
    c_double double float
    c_char_p char * (NUL terminated) string or None
    c_wchar_p wchar_t * (NUL terminated) unicode or None
    c_void_p void * int/long or None

    2.操作int

    >>> from ctypes import *
    >>> c=c_int(34)
    >>> c
    c_int(34)
    >>> c.value
    34
    >>> c.value=343
    >>> c.value
    343
    

    3.操作字符串

    >>> p=create_string_buffer(10)
    >>> p.raw
    'x00x00x00x00x00x00x00x00x00x00'
    >>> p.value='fefefe'
    >>> p.raw
    'fefefex00x00x00x00'
    >>> p.value='fefeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee'  #字符串太长,报错
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
    ValueError: string too long
    

    4.操作指针

    >>> i=c_int(999)
    >>> pi=pointer(i)
    >>> pi
    <__main__.LP_c_int object at 0x7f7be1983b00>
    >>> pi.value
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
    AttributeError: 'LP_c_int' object has no attribute 'value'
    >>> pi.contents
    c_int(999)
    >>> pi.contents=c_long(34343)
    >>> pi.contents
    c_int(34343)
    
    • 通过pointer获取一个值的指针
    • 通过contents获取一个指针的值

    5.c的结构体

    #定义一个c的structure,包含两个成员变量x和y
    >>> class POINT(Structure):
    ...     _fields_=[('x',c_int),('y',c_int)]
    ... 
    >>> point=POINT(2,4)
    >>> point
    <__main__.POINT object at 0x7f7be1983b90>
    >>> point.x,point.y
    (2, 4)
    >>> porint=POINT(y=2)
    >>> porint
    <__main__.POINT object at 0x7f7be1983cb0>
    >>> point=POINT(y=2) 
    >>> point.x,point.y
    (0, 2)
    定义一个类型为POINT的数组
    >>> POINT_ARRAY=POINT*3
    >>> pa=POINT_ARRAY(POINT(2,3),POINT(2,4),POINT(2,5))
    >>> for i in pa:print pa.y
    ... 
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
    AttributeError: 'POINT_Array_3' object has no attribute 'y'
    >>> for i in pa:print i.y 
    ... 
    3
    4
    5
    

    6.访问so文件

    1.创建一个c文件

    #include <stdio.h>
    int hello_world(){
        printf("Hello World
    ");
        return 0;
    }
    int main(){
            hello_world();
            return 0;
    }
    

    2.编译成动态链接库

    gcc hello_world.c  -fPIC -shared -o hello_world.so
    

    3.python中调用库中的函数

    from ctypes import cdll
    c_lib=cdll.LoadLibrary('./hello_world.so')
    c_lib.hello_world()
    

    二.测试c的性能和python的差别

    sum.c
    #include <stdio.h>

    int sum(int num){
        long sum=0;
        int i =0;
        for( i=1;i<=num;i++){
            sum=sum+i;
        };
        return sum;
    }
    int main(){
        printf("%d",sum(10));
        return 0;
    }
    
    • 测试方案:计算1-100的和
    • 测试次数:100万次

    1. 直接用c来执行,通linux 的time命令来记录执行的用时

    sum.c:

    #include <stdio.h>
        int sum(int num){
            long sum=0;
            int i =0;
            for( i=1;i<=num;i++){
                sum=sum+i;
            };
            return sum;
        }
        int main(){
            int i ;
            for (i=0;i<1000000;i++){
            sum(100);
            }
            return 0;
    

    测试结果的例子:

    real 1.16
    user 1.13
    sys 0.01
    

    2.通过Python调用so文件和python的测试结果

    sum_test.py:

    def sum_python(num):
        s = 0
        for i in xrange(1,num+1):
            s += i
        return s
    
    
    from ctypes import cdll
    
    c_lib = cdll.LoadLibrary('./sum.so')
    
    
    def sum_c(num):
        return c_lib.sum(num)
    
    
    def test(num):
        import timeit
    
        t1 = timeit.Timer('c_lib.sum(%d)' % num, 'from __main__ import c_lib')
        t2 = timeit.Timer('sum_python(%d)' % num, 'from __main__ import sum_python')
        print 'c', t1.timeit(number=1000000)
        print 'python', t2.timeit(number=1000000)
    
    
    if __name__ == '__main__':
        test(100)
    

    测试结果的例子

    c 1.02756714821
    python 7.90672802925
    

    3.测试erlang的测试结果

    刚刚学了erlang,那就一起测试一下erlang的运算性能
    sum.erl:

    -module(sum).
    -export([sum/2,sum_test/2]).
    sum(0,Sum) -> 
            Sum;
    sum(Num,Sum) ->
            sum(Num-1,Sum+Num).
    sum_test(Num,0) ->
            0;
    sum_test(Num,Times) ->
            sum(Num,0),
            sum_test(Num,Times-1).
    

    调用:

    timer:tc(sum,sum_test,[100,1000000]).
    

    测试结果的例子:

    {2418486,0}
    

    4.测试结果

    用上面的测试方法,进行10次测试,去除最大值和最小值,再计算平均值,得出:

    Python调用c 原生的c Python erlang
    0.95 0.48 8.47 2.43

    单位:秒

    • 求和的运行,使用的内存比较小,但是占用CPU资源比较多。
    • 原生的C是最快的,Python调用c会稍微慢一点,原因是计算100的和的操作是在c里面做的,而执行100万次的逻辑是在python做的
    • erlang的性能虽然比c稍慢,但是也是不错的,
    • Python的运行效率惨不忍睹。。。
  • 相关阅读:
    Linux 终端常用快捷键
    问题集
    数据库
    mysql数据库知识点
    IntelliJ IDEAj集成开发环境
    Windows最全DOS的CMD命令
    DB2移植到Oracle数据库完整的图解教程
    169.254是什么IP地址 169.254的解决方法(添加局域网地址时)
    解析xml时报错
    童年乐趣
  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/Xjng/p/5120853.html
Copyright © 2011-2022 走看看