内置函数
python的内置函数可以直接使用,无需import
函数主要分为以下几大类:
1. 计算
abs()
求绝对值hash()
求哈希值bin(x)
求二进制数字divmod(a, b)
求商和余数pow(x, y[, z])
求n次方round(number[, ndigits])
控制精度
2. 循环、迭代、排序
all()
/any()
/filter(function, iterable)
/itertools.filterfalse()
判断、正/反过滤map(function, iterable, ...)
转化enumerate(iterable, start=0)
带序号的迭代zip(*iterables)
/itertools.zip_longest()
多个迭代iter(object[, sentinel])
/next(iterator[, default])
生成迭代器reversed(seq)
生成逆序迭代器max(iterable, *[, key, default])
/max(arg1, arg2, *args[, key])
/min(iterable, *[, key, default])
/min(arg1, arg2, *args[, key])
求最大/最小值class range(stop)/class range(start, stop[, step])
sorted(iterable, *, key=None, reverse=False)
/functools.cmp_to_key()
带有key的排序(不建议使用只能用于list的原地排序方法sort()
)sum(iterable[, start])
求和
3. 类和对象、系统
callable(object)
repr(object)
dir()
id(object)
input([prompt])
issubclass(class, classinfo)
len(s)
isinstance(object, classinfo)
/class type(object)
/class type(name, bases, dict)
建议使用type()
,isinstance
允许子类实例属于父类open(file, mode='r', buffering=-1, encoding=None, errors=None, newline=None, closefd=True, opener=None)
print(*objects, sep=' ', end=' ', file=sys.stdout, flush=False)
4. 字符串
class float([x])
eval(expression[, globals[, locals]])
chr(i)/ord(c)
5. TBD
TBD:
- ascii(object)
- breakpoint(*args, **kws)
- class bytearray([source[, encoding[, errors]]])
- class bytes([source[, encoding[, errors]]])
- compile(source, filename, mode, flags=0, dont_inherit=False, optimize=-1)
- class complex([real[, imag]])
- delattr(object, name)/getattr(object, name[, default])/hasattr(object, name)/setattr(object, name, value)
- class dict(**kwarg)
- exec(object[, globals[, locals]])
- format(value[, format_spec])
- class frozenset([iterable])
- globals()/locals()
- help([object])
- hex(x)
- class memoryview(obj)
- oct(x)
- class property(fget=None, fset=None, fdel=None, doc=None)
- class slice(stop)/class slice(start, stop[, step])
- @staticmethod
- class str(object='')/class str(object=b'', encoding='utf-8', errors='strict')
- super([type[, object-or-type]])
- vars([object])
内置变量
- False
- True
- None
- NotImplemented
- Ellipsis: The same as the ellipsis literal “...”. Special value used mostly in conjunction with extended slicing syntax for user-defined container data types.
- debug: This constant is true if Python was not started with an -O option. See also the assert statement.