控制文件
丢失部分控制文件：
SQL> select * from v$controlfile;
$ >/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl
SQL> select * from v$tablespace; 报错
SQL> alter system checkpoint; 报错
$ vi /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/trace/alert_orcl.log
SQL> shutdown abort
SQL> startup nomount
SQL> show parameter control_files
$ cp /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/orcl/control02.ctl /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl
SQL> alter database mount;
SQL> alter database open;
丢失全部控制文件（有自动备份）：
RMAN> CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP ON;
RMAN> backup datafile 4;
$ >/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl
$ >/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/orcl/control02.ctl
SQL> select * from v$tablespace; 报错
SQL> alter system checkpoint; 报错
SQL> shutdown abort
SQL> startup nomount
RMAN> restore controlfile from autobackup;
RMAN> alter database mount;
RMAN> recover database;
RMAN> alter database open resetlogs;
丢失全部控制文件（没有自动备份）：
SQL> alter database backup controlfile to '/home/oracle/control.bak';
SQL> alter database backup controlfile to trace;
SQL> select * from v$diag_info;
spfile
有自动备份：
RMAN> CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP ON;
RMAN> backup datafile 4;
联机恢复：
$ mv $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/spfileorcl.ora $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/spfileorcl.ora.bak
SQL> alter system set resource_limit=true; 报错
SQL> create spfile='/home/oracle/spfile.bak' from memory;
$ mv /home/oracle/spfile.bak $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/spfileorcl.ora
脱机恢复：
SQL> shutdown immediate
$ mv $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/spfileorcl.ora $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/spfileorcl.ora.bak
RMAN> startup
RMAN> restore spfile from '/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/autobackup/2015_10_26/o1_mf_s_894118741_c2vkgo8x_.bkp';
RMAN> startup force
没有备份：
利用alert_orcl.log中的参数值，构造initorcl.ora
SQL> create spfile='/home/oracle/spfile.bak' from pfile;
利用备份init.ora：
$ vi /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/init.ora 完善参数
SQL> startup pfile='/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/init.ora'
SQL> create spfile from pfile;
redo log
丢失一个成员：
SQL> select GROUP#, MEMBERS from v$log;
SQL> select GROUP#, MEMBER from v$logfile;
SQL> alter database add logfile member '/home/oracle/redo01b.log' to group 1;
SQL> alter database add logfile member '/home/oracle/redo02b.log' to group 2;
SQL> alter database add logfile member '/home/oracle/redo03b.log' to group 3;
SQL> alter system switch logfile;
SQL> alter system switch logfile;
SQL> alter system switch logfile;
故障：
SQL> select group#, status from v$log; 确认current组
$ rm -f /home/oracle/redo02b.log 删除current组成员
SQL> alter system switch logfile;
$ vi /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/trace/alert_orcl.log 警告日志
恢复：
SQL> alter database drop logfile member '/home/oracle/redo02b.log';
SQL> alter database add logfile member '/home/oracle/redo02b.log' reuse to group 2;
如果是当前日志组，不能删除成员，只能先切换再修改
丢失inactive日志组：
故障：
SQL> alter system checkpoint;
SQL> select group#, status from v$log; 确认inactive组
SQL> shutdown abort
$ rm -f /home/oracle/redo03b.log /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo03.log
$ startup 报错
恢复：
SQL> startup mount
SQL> select group#, status, archived from v$log;
SQL> alter database clear logfile group 3;
SQL> alter database open;
如果日志未归档：
SQL> alter database clear unarchived logfile group 3;
做数据库的全备份
丢失current日志组（正常关闭数据库）：
故障：
SQL> select group#, status from v$log; 确认current组
SQL> shutdown immediate
$ rm -f /home/oracle/redo02b.log /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo02.log
SQL> startup 报错
恢复：
SQL> startup mount
SQL> select group#, status , archived from v$log;
SQL> alter database clear unarchived logfile group 2;
SQL> alter database open;
做数据库的全备份
丢失current日志组（非正常关闭数据库）：
故障：
RMAN> backup database;
SQL> create table t1(x varchar2(50));
SQL> insert into t1 values ('after backup, before archived');
SQL> commit;
SQL> alter system switch logfile;
SQL> insert into t1 values ('after backup, after archived, current');
SQL> commit;
SQL> insert into t1 values ('after backup, after archived, current, uncommitted');
SQL> alter system checkpoint;
SQL> shutdown abort
$ rm -f /home/oracle/redo03b.log /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo03.log
SQL> startup 报错
SQL> select group#, sequence#, status, archived from v$log; 确认日志序号
恢复：
RMAN> run {
startup force mount;
set until sequence 10;
restore database;
recover database;
alter database open resetlogs;}
SQL> select * from t1; 丢失数据
丢失active日志组：
恢复数据块
故障：
SQL> create tablespace tbs01 datafile '/home/oracle/tbs01.dbf' size 5M;
SQL> create table t1 tablespace tbs01 as select * from dba_objects where rownum<=30000;
RMAN> backup tablespace tbs01;
SQL> alter system flush buffer_cache;
$ dd of=/home/oracle/tbs01.dbf bs=8k conv=notrunc seek=300<<EOF
不截断 第300个数据块
SQL> select count(*) from t1; 报错
$ dbv file='/home/oracle/tbs01.dbf'
恢复：
SQL> select file#, block# from v$database_block_corruption;
RMAN> recover datafile 6 block 300;
RMAN> recover corruption list;
DBMS_REPAIR包隔离数据块
rman恢复目录
SQL> show parameter control_file_record_keep_time
用dbca创建数据库rc（不配置em、fra，200M内存，字符集unicode）
或者：
用netca创建主机连接字符串rc指向自身。
rc：
$ sqlplus sys/password@rc as sysdba
SQL> create tablespace rc_tbs datafile '/home/oracle/rc_tbs.dbf' size 50M;
SQL> create user rcowner identified by password default tablespace rc_tbs quota unlimited on rc_tbs;
SQL> grant recovery_catalog_owner to rcowner;
$ rman catalog rcowner/password@rc
RMAN> create catalog;
$ rman target sys/password@orcl catalog rcowner/password@rc
或
$ rman target / catalog rcowner/password@rc
RMAN> register database;
dbca删除rc