11.2.0.4升级到12.1.0.2

数据库升级前，源数据库检查：

$ cd /u01/app/oracle12/product/12.1.0/dbhome_1/rdbms/admin  #进入12c软件的安装home目录
$ sqlplus '/as sysdba'

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Thu Aug 6 02:49:21 2015

Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.


Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

SQL> @preupgrd.sql






Loading Pre-Upgrade Package...


***************************************************************************
Executing Pre-Upgrade Checks in YB...
***************************************************************************


      ************************************************************

                    ====>> ERRORS FOUND for YB <<====

 The following are *** ERROR LEVEL CONDITIONS *** that must be addressed
                    prior to attempting your upgrade.
            Failure to do so will result in a failed upgrade.

           You MUST resolve the above errors prior to upgrade

      ************************************************************

      ************************************************************

                ====>> PRE-UPGRADE RESULTS for YB <<====

ACTIONS REQUIRED:

1. Review results of the pre-upgrade checks:
 /u01/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/yb/preupgrade/preupgrade.log

2. Execute in the SOURCE environment BEFORE upgrade:
 /u01/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/yb/preupgrade/preupgrade_fixups.sql

3. Execute in the NEW environment AFTER upgrade:
 /u01/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/yb/preupgrade/postupgrade_fixups.sql

      ************************************************************

***************************************************************************
Pre-Upgrade Checks in YB Completed.
***************************************************************************

***************************************************************************
***************************************************************************
SQL> 

执行上一步中产生的脚本：/u01/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/yb/preupgrade/preupgrade_fixups.sql

SQL> @/u01/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/yb/preupgrade/preupgrade_fixups.sql
Pre-Upgrade Fixup Script Generated on 2015-08-06 02:50:01  Version: 12.1.0.2 Build: 006
Beginning Pre-Upgrade Fixups...
Executing in container YB

**********************************************************************
Check Tag:     DEFAULT_PROCESS_COUNT
Check Summary: Verify min process count is not too low
Fix Summary:   Review and increase if needed, your PROCESSES value.
**********************************************************************
Fixup Returned Information:
WARNING: --> Process Count may be too low

     Database has a maximum process count of 150 which is lower than the
     default value of 300 for this release.
     You should update your processes value prior to the upgrade
     to a value of at least 300.
     For example:
        ALTER SYSTEM SET PROCESSES=300 SCOPE=SPFILE
     or update your init.ora file.
**********************************************************************


**********************************************************************
Check Tag:     EM_PRESENT
Check Summary: Check if Enterprise Manager is present
Fix Summary:   Execute emremove.sql prior to upgrade.
**********************************************************************
Fixup Returned Information:
WARNING: --> Enterprise Manager Database Control repository found in the database

     In Oracle Database 12c, Database Control is removed during
     the upgrade. To save time during the Upgrade, this action
     can be done prior to upgrading using the following steps after
     copying rdbms/admin/emremove.sql from the new Oracle home
   - Stop EM Database Control:
    $> emctl stop dbconsole

   - Connect to the Database using the SYS account AS SYSDBA:

   SET ECHO ON;
   SET SERVEROUTPUT ON;
   @emremove.sql
     Without the set echo and serveroutput commands you will not 
     be able to follow the progress of the script.
**********************************************************************


**********************************************************************
Check Tag:     AMD_EXISTS
Check Summary: Check to see if AMD is present in the database
Fix Summary:   Manually execute ORACLE_HOME/oraolap/admin/catnoamd.sql script to remove OLAP.
**********************************************************************
Fixup Returned Information:
INFORMATION: --> OLAP Catalog(AMD) exists in database

     Starting with Oracle Database 12c, OLAP Catalog component is desupported.
     If you are not using the OLAP Catalog component and want
     to remove it, then execute the 
     ORACLE_HOME/olap/admin/catnoamd.sql script before or 
     after the upgrade.
**********************************************************************


**********************************************************************
Check Tag:     APEX_UPGRADE_MSG
Check Summary: Check that APEX will need to be upgraded.
Fix Summary:   Oracle Application Express can be manually upgraded prior to database upgrade.
**********************************************************************
Fixup Returned Information:
INFORMATION: --> Oracle Application Express (APEX) can be
     manually upgraded prior to database upgrade

     APEX is currently at version 3.2.1.00.12 and will need to be
     upgraded to APEX version 4.2.5 in the new release.
     Note 1: To reduce database upgrade time, APEX can be manually
             upgraded outside of and prior to database upgrade.
     Note 2: See MOS Note 1088970.1 for information on APEX
             installation upgrades.
**********************************************************************


**********************************************************************
                      [Pre-Upgrade Recommendations]
**********************************************************************

                        *****************************************
                        ********* Dictionary Statistics *********
                        *****************************************

Please gather dictionary statistics 24 hours prior to
upgrading the database.
To gather dictionary statistics execute the following command
while connected as SYSDBA:
    EXECUTE dbms_stats.gather_dictionary_stats;

^^^ MANUAL ACTION SUGGESTED ^^^


           **************************************************
                ************* Fixup Summary ************

 4 fixup routines generated INFORMATIONAL messages that should be reviewed.

**************** Pre-Upgrade Fixup Script Complete *********************
SQL> 

执行完上面的脚本，还有一些操作需要手动完成。具体操作参考上面的结果。

使用DBUA进行升级

$ pwd
/u01/app/oracle12/product/12.1.0/dbhome_1/bin
$ ./dbua

因为没有预先手动升级APEX，所以有警告提示。手动升级APEX后，继续执行：