ubuntu14.0安装 oracle instant client（oracle 12c）

安装环境

本文介绍在ubuntu14.04系统(X64)上安装Oracle Instant Client，安装版本为11.2.0.4.0(读者需要按照自己安装版本修改相应的版本号)

安装RPM文件

• 在Oracle官网地址 http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/topics/linuxx86-64soft-092277.html 下载以下RPM文件：

oracle-instantclient11.2-basic-11.2.0.4.0-1.x86_64.rpm
oracle-instantclient11.2-devel-11.2.0.4.0-1.x86_64.rpm
oracle-instantclient11.2-sqlplus-11.2.0.4.0-1.x86_64.rpm

• 使用alien转换PRM文件到DEB文件并安装(sudo apt-get install alien)

• 安装alien后，执行下面的命令安装Oracle客户端：

sudo alien -i oracle-instantclient11.2-basic-11.2.0.4.0-1.x86_64.rpm
sudo alien -i oracle-instantclient11.2-devel-11.2.0.4.0-1.x86_64.rpm
sudo alien -i oracle-instantclient11.2-sqlplus-11.2.0.4.0-1.x86_64.rpm

配置Oracle环境

• 安装以下步骤新增tnsnames.ora文件：

cd /usr/lib/oracle/11.2/client64
sudo mkdir -p network/admin
sudo vi tnsnames.ora

• 填写如下内容，或者直接从oracle服务器端将相同目录下的这个文件拷贝过来。

# tnsnames.ora Network Configuration File
ORCL =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 10.100.126.174)(PORT = 1521))
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = orclpdb)
    )
  )

• 链接Oracle的库文件到Oracle目录：

sudo ln -s /usr/include/oracle/11.2/client64 /usr/lib/oracle/11.2/client64/include

配置环境变量

在登录用户的profile中增加以下内容：

export ORACLE_HOME=/usr/lib/oracle/11.2/client64
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/lib
export TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin
export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin
export NLS_LANG="AMERICAN_AMERICA.UTF8"

 上面的内容是从https://blog.csdn.net/hanzengyi/article/details/70849091 复制过来的，需要注意的是ORCL是登录时@后面的名字，而orclpdb是在oracle服务端上通过
select name,pdb from v$services; 查到的pdb对应的name，切记。
下面是我查出来的结果，找到ORCLPDB 对应的NAME，即orclpdb，这个就相当于zbudcdb_stdby。

NAME                 PDB
-------------------- --------------------
orclXDB                CDB$ROOT
orcl                   CDB$ROOT
SYS$BACKGROUND         CDB$ROOT
SYS$USERS              CDB$ROOT
orclpdb                ORCLPDB

注意：查看服务端的监听状态会有以下信息：

[oracle@localhost admin]$ lsnrctl status

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 12.2.0.1.0 - Production on 19-APR-2018 03:56:10

Copyright (c) 1991, 2016, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=localhost)(PORT=1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias                     LISTENER
Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 12.2.0.1.0 - Production
Start Date                19-APR-2018 02:42:15
Uptime                    0 days 1 hr. 13 min. 55 sec
Trace Level               off
Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP                      OFF
Listener Parameter File   /orcl/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File         /orcl/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/localhost/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=localhost)(PORT=1521)))
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcps)(HOST=localhost)(PORT=5500))(Security=(my_wallet_directory=/orcl/app/oracle/admin/orcl/xdb_wallet))(Presentation=HTTP)(Session=RAW))
Services Summary...
Service "6a02d18fca293032e055000000000001" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "orcl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "orcl" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "orcl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "orclXDB" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "orcl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "orclpdb" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "orcl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully

有：Service "orclpdb" has 1 instance(s). Instance "orcl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...，证明监听启动正常。

另外附上远程登录用户的创建过程。
一 先将容器切换成pdb，详见https://blog.csdn.net/hanzengyi/article/details/70849091

1 查看系统中的容器：
   select con_id,dbid,NAME,OPEN_MODE from v$pdbs;
2 先打开pdb容器：
   alter pluggable database orclpdb open;
3再查看容器，pdb应该是READ，WRITE：
   select con_id,dbid,NAME,OPEN_MODE from v$pdbs;
4切换容器：
   alter session set container=orclpdb;
5查看当前使用的容器
   select sys_context ('USERENV', 'CON_NAME') from dual; 

二 创建表空间

create tablespace test_space 
datafile '/usr/local/yrm/oracle_data/test_space.dbf' 
size 50M 
autoextend on next 50m maxsize 2048m 
extent management local;

create temporary tablespace test_space_temp
tempfile '/usr/local/yrm/oracle_data/test_space_temp.dbf'
size 32m
autoextend on next 32m maxsize 1024m
extent management local;

三 创建用于远程登陆的用户

create user test_user identified by 123456 default tablespace test_space
temporary tablespace test_space_temp;

grant connect,resource to test_user;
grant dba to test_user;

alter user test_user account unlock identified by 123456;

四 在oracle主机上启动监听及服务

#su - oracle #切换到 oracle 用户且切换到它的环境
$lsnrctl status #查看监听及数据库状态
$lsnrctl start #启动监听
$sqlplus / as sysdba #以 DBA 身份进入 sqlplus
#登陆之后启动服务：startup，shutdown为停止服务。

五 测试远程登陆 sqlplus test_user/123456@ORCl。

　　成功！

oracle的安装与远程登陆太瘠薄难呢，濒临崩溃~ ，欢迎留言探讨。