原文: http://blog.csdn.net/jx_870915876/article/details/52403472
add by zhj: 本文是以MySQL为例说明的,但其实它适用于所有关系型数据库。
行转列的需求如下,可以发现,行转列时其实是先group by,然后将每个组中的行转为列,使用case-when + 聚合函数,
每个由行转为列的列,都要使用case-when或when-case语句。case-when是怎么作用的呢?组中的每行都经过case-when,
如果组中有N行,那通过case-when就产生N个值,再使用聚合函数,变为一个单一值,即新列的值。
行转列
例如:把图1转换成图2结果展示
图1
图2
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
|
CREATE TABLE `TEST_TB_GRADE` ( `ID` int (10) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `USER_NAME` varchar (20) DEFAULT NULL , `COURSE` varchar (20) DEFAULT NULL , `SCORE` float DEFAULT '0' , PRIMARY KEY (`ID`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=1 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8; |
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
|
insert into TEST_TB_GRADE(USER_NAME, COURSE, SCORE) values ( "张三" , "数学" , 34), ( "张三" , "语文" , 58), ( "张三" , "英语" , 58), ( "李四" , "数学" , 45), ( "李四" , "语文" , 87), ( "李四" , "英语" , 45), ( "王五" , "数学" , 76), ( "王五" , "语文" , 34), ( "王五" , "英语" , 89); |
行转列SQL:
1
2
3
4
5
6
|
SELECT user_name , MAX ( CASE course WHEN '数学' THEN score ELSE 0 END ) 数学, MAX ( CASE course WHEN '语文' THEN score ELSE 0 END ) 语文, MAX ( CASE course WHEN '英语' THEN score ELSE 0 END ) 英语 FROM test_tb_grade GROUP BY USER_NAME; |
列转行
例如:把图1转换成图3结果展示
图3
列转行SQL:
1
2
3
4
|
select user_name, '语文' COURSE , CN_SCORE as SCORE from test_tb_grade2 union select user_name, '数学' COURSE, MATH_SCORE as SCORE from test_tb_grade2 union select user_name, '英语' COURSE, EN_SCORE as SCORE from test_tb_grade2 order by user_name,COURSE; |