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  • Orchard源码分析(7.1):Routing(路由)相关

    概述
    关于ASP.NET MVC中路由有两个基本核心作用,一是通过Http请求中的Url参数等信息获取路由数据(RouteData),路由数据包含了area、controller、action的名称等信息。只有获取了匹配的路由数据,才有可能转入ASP.NET MVC管道;二是根据由规则生成Url,比如要根据某些数据生成View上显示的链接。
     
    Orchard对路由进行扩展主要基于如下原因:
    (1)、路由定义在各个模块中。在Orchard应用程序初始化时将分散在各个模块的路由定义收集起来统一注册。
    (2)、路由定义一次,对于多Shell系统,则会被多次注册以匹配Shell的前缀。
    (3)、当请求进入时需要确认进入了哪个Shell,并且在成Url时也需要加上Shell的Url前缀。
    (4)、将WorkContextAccessor放入路由数据的DataTokens中。WorkContextAccessor工作上下文访问器封装了HTTP上下文、Autofa容器等信息。
    (5)、重置IRouteHandler和IHttpHandler,以包含WorkContextAccessor、包含Shell的配置(ShellSettings)、包含应用程序域中正在运行的Shell(RunningShellTable)、设置SessionState等。
     
    请留意下文描述中System.Web.Routing.RouteBase、Route、RouteData、Orchard.Mvc.Routes.ShellRoute、Orchard.Mvc.Routes.RouteDescriptor及Orchard.Mvc.Routes.HttpRouteDescriptor之间的关系。
     
    一、路由的定义
    如果Orchard模块需要路由,并不是在Global.asax.cs等地方直接配置,而是先将路由定义在模块源码一个或多个实现了Orchard.Mvc.Routes.IRouteProvide.IRouteProvider接口或Orchard.WebApi.Routes.IHttpRouteProvider的类的IEnumerable<RouteDescriptor> GetRoutes()方法中。
    如Orchard.Blogs模块就定义了一个名为Routes的类,该类就实现了IRouteProvider接口,主要关注GetRoutes方法:
            // 以下代码来在Orchard.Blogs.Routes类
            public IEnumerable<RouteDescriptor> GetRoutes() {
                return new [] {
                                 new RouteDescriptor {
                                                         Route = new Route (
                                                             "Admin/Blogs/Create",
                                                             new RouteValueDictionary {
                                                                                          {"area", "Orchard.Blogs" },
                                                                                          {"controller" , "BlogAdmin"},
                                                                                          {"action", "Create" }
                                                                                      },
                                                             new RouteValueDictionary (),
                                                             new RouteValueDictionary {
                                                                                          {"area", "Orchard.Blogs" }
                                                                                      },
                                                             new MvcRouteHandler ())
                                                     },
            //......
    GetRoutes方法返回一个路由描述RouteDescriptor对象集合。
    RouteDescriptor类包装了一个RouteBase类,并有Name和Priority属性:
        public class RouteDescriptor {
            public string Name { get; set; }
            public int Priority { get; set; }
            public RouteBase Route { get; set; }
            public SessionStateBehavior SessionState { get; set; }
        }
    一般在定义路由时用到的是Route类,它继承了RouteBase类。
    通过Priority属性,我们可以更好的控制路由的注册顺序,而不是按定义的先后顺序进行注册。
    在路由注册时,通过一系列的RouteDescriptor对象就够获取到对应的RouteBase对象了。
     
    IHttpRouteProvider接口的实现类的作用类似,只是专为WebApi服务而已。有兴趣的可以看看Orchard.Mvc.Routes.StandardExtensionRouteProvider类,顺便也留意一下HttpRouteDescriptor:RouteDescriptor类。
     
    二、路由的注册
    在Shell被激活时,会将分散到不同的模块的路由收集起来,并由RoutePublisher注册到全局路由表中:
            // 以下代码来在Orchard.Environment.DefaultOrchardShell类
           public void Activate() {
                var allRoutes = new List< RouteDescriptor>();
                allRoutes.AddRange(_routeProviders.SelectMany(provider => provider.GetRoutes()));
                allRoutes.AddRange(_httpRouteProviders.SelectMany(provider => provider.GetRoutes()));
     
                _routePublisher.Publish(allRoutes);
                _modelBinderPublisher.Publish(_modelBinderProviders.SelectMany(provider => provider.GetModelBinders()));
     
                using (var events = _eventsFactory()) {
                    events.Value.Activated();
                }
     
                _sweepGenerator.Activate();
            }
     
    _routeProviders是一个IEnumerable<IRouteProvider>型的私有字段,Autofac在创建DefaultOrchardShell对象时会通过构造器注入的方式初始化该字段。实际上就是相应Shell需要用到的各个模块中的的IRouteProvider对象,通过调用IRouteProvider.GetRoutes方法则可将RouteDescriptor对象收集起来。 
     
    _httpRouteProviders是一个IEnumerable<IHttpRouteProvider>型私有字段,实际上IHttpRouteProvider接口IRouteProvider接口完全一样。_httpRouteProviders和_routeProviders的初始化方式也一样。不同的是_httpRouteProviders是为WebApi服务的。
     
    _routePublisher是一个Orchard.Mvc.Routes.RoutePublisher对象,其Publish方法中,将RouteDescriptor对象对应的RouteBase(一般为Route)对象,包装成ShellRoute对象注册到MVC的全局路由表中:
            // 以下代码来在Orchard.Mvc.Routes.RoutePublisher类
             public void Publish(IEnumerable <RouteDescriptor> routes) {
                var routesArray = routes
                    .OrderByDescending(r => r.Priority)
                    .ToArray();
     
                // this is not called often, but is intended to surface problems before
                // the actual collection is modified
                var preloading = new RouteCollection();
                foreach (var routeDescriptor in routesArray) {
     
                    // extract the WebApi route implementation
                    var httpRouteDescriptor = routeDescriptor as HttpRouteDescriptor;
                    if (httpRouteDescriptor != null ) {
                        var httpRouteCollection = new RouteCollection();
                        httpRouteCollection.MapHttpRoute(httpRouteDescriptor.Name, httpRouteDescriptor.RouteTemplate, httpRouteDescriptor.Defaults);
                        routeDescriptor.Route = httpRouteCollection.First();
                    }
     
                    preloading.Add(routeDescriptor.Name, routeDescriptor.Route);
                }
                   
     
                using (_routeCollection.GetWriteLock()) {
                    // existing routes are removed while the collection is briefly inaccessable
                    var cropArray = _routeCollection
                        .OfType< ShellRoute>()
                        .Where(sr => sr.ShellSettingsName == _shellSettings.Name)
                        .ToArray();
     
                    foreach(var crop in cropArray) {
                        _routeCollection.Remove(crop);
                    }
     
                    // new routes are added
                    foreach (var routeDescriptor in routesArray) {
                        // Loading session state information.
                        var defaultSessionState = SessionStateBehavior .Default;
     
                        ExtensionDescriptor extensionDescriptor = null ;
                        if(routeDescriptor.Route is Route) {
                            object extensionId;
                            var route = routeDescriptor.Route as Route;
                            if(route.DataTokens != null && route.DataTokens.TryGetValue("area", out extensionId) ||
                               route.Defaults != null && route.Defaults.TryGetValue("area", out extensionId)) {
                                extensionDescriptor = _extensionManager.GetExtension(extensionId.ToString());
                            }
                        }
                        else if (routeDescriptor.Route is IRouteWithArea) {
                            var route = routeDescriptor.Route as IRouteWithArea;
                            extensionDescriptor = _extensionManager.GetExtension(route.Area);
                        }
     
                        if (extensionDescriptor != null ) {
                            // if session state is not define explicitly, use the one define for the extension
                            if (routeDescriptor.SessionState == SessionStateBehavior.Default) {
                                Enum.TryParse(extensionDescriptor.SessionState, true /*ignoreCase*/, out defaultSessionState);
                            }
                        }
     
                        // Route-level setting overrides module-level setting (from manifest).
                        var sessionStateBehavior = routeDescriptor.SessionState == SessionStateBehavior.Default ? defaultSessionState : routeDescriptor.SessionState ;
     
                        var shellRoute = new ShellRoute(routeDescriptor.Route, _shellSettings, _workContextAccessor, _runningShellTable) {
                            IsHttpRoute = routeDescriptor is HttpRouteDescriptor ,
                            SessionState = sessionStateBehavior
                        };
                        _routeCollection.Add(routeDescriptor.Name, shellRoute);
                    }
                }
            }
     
    ShellRoute类通过装饰器模式包装了一个System.Web.Routing.RouteBase类,其本身也是继承自RouteBase类。
    要特别留意创建ShellRoute对象时为构造函数提供的几个参数:
    routeDescriptor.Route:ShellRoute所包含的Route。
    _shellSettings:ShellRoute对应的ShellSettings。
    _workContextAccessor:WorkContextAccessor是Shell级的单例,其在WorkContextModule中被注册。它包装了一个Shell相关的Autofac子容器,通过该容器可以Resolve出Shell作用域的对象。
    _runningShellTable:正在运行的Shell对应的ShellSettings表。
     
    三、路由映射——根据请求路径查找匹配的路由数据(RouteData)
     
    从Url角度上讲,怎么区分两个Shell呢?首先两个Shell可以拥有不同的域名,或者拥有相同的域名但不同的Url前缀。如:
    (1)、其中一个Shell无域名
    Shell 1 - 无
    Shell 2 - www.yourdomain2.com
    (2)、不同的域名
    Shell 1 - www.yourdomain1.com
    Shell 2 - www.yourdomain2.com
    (3)、相同的域名,不同的Url前缀
    Shell 1 - www.yourdomain1.com/abc
    Shell 2 - www.yourdomain1.com/def
    (4)、相同的域名,只有一个Shell的Url前缀
    Shell 1 - www.yourdomain1.com
    Shell 2 - www.yourdomain1.com/def
    这种情况会先检查Url是否匹配Shell 2,然后再检查是否匹配Shell 1。Url前缀长度越长,越优先检查。
    引申:
    Shell 1 - www.yourdomain1.com/abc/def
    Shell 2 - www.yourdomain1.com/abc
    (5)、一个Shell可以对应单个或多个域名
    Shell 1 - www.yourdomain1.com
    Shell 2 - www.yourdomain2.com和 www.yourdomain3.com
    (6)、更复杂的配置
     
    为了方便分析,这里我们假设Orchard中配置了两个Shell,ShellSettings设置如下:
    Shell 1:ShellSettings.RequestUrlHost ="www.yourdomain1.com",ShellSettings.RequestUrlPrefix=String.Empty
    Shell 2:ShellSettings.RequestUrlHost ="www.yourdomain2.com",ShellSettings.RequestUrlPrefix="abc"
    并且某模块被这两个Shell使用,该模块的Routes:IRouteProvider类中定义了一个匹配"{controller}/{action}"的路由。需要注意一点,虽然这里只定义一个路由,但是这里两个Shell都会用到,所以会被包装成两个ShellRoute对象注册到全局路由表中。
    再假设一个新的Http请求进入,Url是:http://www.yourdomain2.com/abc/home/index
     
    首先System.Web.Routing.UrlRouteModule会遍历全局路由表中的路由,期待获取一个RouteData对象。当遍历到我们刚刚注册的路由时,会调用路由的GetRouteData方法:
            // 以下代码来在Orchard.Mvc.Routes.ShellRoute类
            public override RouteData GetRouteData( HttpContextBase httpContext) {
                // locate appropriate shell settings for request
                var settings = _runningShellTable.Match(httpContext);
     
                // only proceed if there was a match, and it was for this client
                if (settings == null || settings.Name != _shellSettings.Name)
                    return null ;
     
                var effectiveHttpContext = httpContext;
                if (_urlPrefix != null )
                    effectiveHttpContext = new UrlPrefixAdjustedHttpContext (httpContext, _urlPrefix);
     
                var routeData = _route.GetRouteData(effectiveHttpContext);
                if (routeData == null )
                    return null ;
     
                // push provided session state behavior to underlying MvcHandler
                effectiveHttpContext.SetSessionStateBehavior(SessionState);
     
                // otherwise wrap handler and return it
                routeData.RouteHandler = new RouteHandler (_workContextAccessor, routeData.RouteHandler, SessionState);
                routeData.DataTokens[ "IWorkContextAccessor"] = _workContextAccessor;
     
                if (IsHttpRoute) {
                    routeData.Values[ "IWorkContextAccessor"] = _workContextAccessor; // for WebApi
                }
               
                return routeData;
            }
     
    Shell被成功激活后,其对应的ShellSettings会存入在一个RunningShellTable对象中。在这里也就是_runningShellTable变量。
    根据传入的Url,找到匹配的ShellSettings存入局部变量_settings:
                var settings = _runningShellTable.Match(httpContext);
    下面看看Match的过程:
            /// 该方法位于Orchard.Environment.RunningShellTable类中
           public ShellSettings Match(string host, string appRelativePath) {
                var hostLength = host.IndexOf(':' );
                if (hostLength != -1)
                    host = host.Substring(0, hostLength);
     
                var mostQualifiedMatch = _shellsByHost
                    .Where(group => host.EndsWith(group.Key, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
                    .SelectMany(group => group
                        .OrderByDescending(settings => (settings.RequestUrlPrefix ?? string.Empty).Length))
                        .FirstOrDefault(settings => settings.State.CurrentState != TenantState.State .Disabled && appRelativePath.StartsWith("~/" + (settings.RequestUrlPrefix ?? string.Empty), StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase));
     
                return mostQualifiedMatch ?? _fallback;
            }
      
    所以http://www.yourdomain2.com/abc/home/index匹配到的Shell为Shell 2。
     
    GetRouteData方法接下来有个判断:
                if (settings == null || settings.Name != _shellSettings.Name)
                    return null ;
    settings可能为null这好理解,但其Name值为什么可能不相等呢?请留意RunningShellTable.Match方法的最后一行的_fallback变量,这里就不再详述。
    如果Shell包含Url前缀,则调整HttpContext:
                var effectiveHttpContext = httpContext;
                if (_urlPrefix != null )
                    effectiveHttpContext = new UrlPrefixAdjustedHttpContext (httpContext, _urlPrefix);
     
    _urlPrefix是一个Orchard.Mvc.Routes.UrlPrefix对象,它包装了一个用来表示Shell的Url前缀字符串。如果RoutePublisher在创建ShellRoute时,传入的_shellSettings参数的RequestUrlPrefix属性不为null或空,则_urlPrefix不会为null。UrlPrefix类有两个重要的方法:RemoveLeadingSegmentsPrependLeadingSegments。如果_urlPrefix包装的Url前缀字符串为"abc",则_urlPrefix.RemoveLeadingSegments("~/abc/home/index")返回的值是"~/abc/home/index",而_urlPrefix.PrependLeadingSegments("~/home/index")返回的值是"~/abc/home/index"。
    UrlPrefixAdjustedHttpContext类最主要的目的是替换掉原来的HttpRequest,以使得HttpRequest的AppRelativeCurrentExecutionFilePath属性能够返回一个去掉Url前缀的值。这样做得目的是为了能够按"常规"方式获取到RouteData。
    ShellRoute的RequestUrlPrefix属性值为"abc",请求的Url是:
    http://www.yourdomain2.com/abc/home/index
    AppRelativeCurrentExecutionFilePath返回的值是:
    ~/home/index
     
    _route.GetRouteData方法的调用,也就是刚才说的"常规"方式:
                var routeData = _route.GetRouteData(effectiveHttpContext);
                if (routeData == null )
                    return null ;
     
    GetRouteData最后的代码也简单:
                 // push provided session state behavior to underlying MvcHandler
                effectiveHttpContext.SetSessionStateBehavior(SessionState);
     
                // otherwise wrap handler and return it
                routeData.RouteHandler = new RouteHandler (_workContextAccessor, routeData.RouteHandler, SessionState);
                routeData.DataTokens[ "IWorkContextAccessor"] = _workContextAccessor;
     
                if (IsHttpRoute) {
                    routeData.Values[ "IWorkContextAccessor"] = _workContextAccessor; // for WebApi
                }
     
    这里的RouteHandler类是ShellRoute的私有嵌套类,其通过装饰器模式包装了一个IRouteHandler对象。相关类型还有私有嵌套类HttpHandler和HttpAsyncHandler。RouteHandler是为了Autofac容器的应用到IHttpHandler中。
    在上面提到的Orchard.Blogs.Routes类中,定义的Route的RouteHandler是MvcRouteHandler,这里重新包装成RouteHandler对象再赋给routeData的RouteHandler属性。
    后面再将_workContextAccessor保存进routeData的DataTokens中。
     
    四、根据路由规则生成Url
             public override VirtualPathData GetVirtualPath( RequestContext requestContext, RouteValueDictionary values) {
                // locate appropriate shell settings for request
                var settings = _runningShellTable.Match(requestContext.HttpContext);
     
                // only proceed if there was a match, and it was for this client
                if (settings == null || settings.Name != _shellSettings.Name)
                    return null ;
     
                var effectiveRequestContext = requestContext;
                if (_urlPrefix != null )
                    effectiveRequestContext = new RequestContext (new UrlPrefixAdjustedHttpContext (requestContext.HttpContext, _urlPrefix), requestContext.RouteData);
     
                var virtualPath = _route.GetVirtualPath(effectiveRequestContext, values);
                if (virtualPath == null )
                    return null ;
     
                if (_urlPrefix != null )
                    virtualPath.VirtualPath = _urlPrefix.PrependLeadingSegments(virtualPath.VirtualPath);
     
                return virtualPath;
            }
      
    前面几行代码和GetRouteData类似,关注点在UrlPrefixAdjustedHttpContext类和UrlPrefix类,在分析GetRouteData方法时已有简单分析。
     
     
    相关类型:
    Orchard.Mvc.Routes.ShellRoute : RouteBase, IRouteWithArea
    Orchard.Mvc.Routes.RouteDescriptor
    Orchard.Mvc.Routes.HttpRouteDescriptor
    Orchard.Mvc.Routes.IRouteProvider : IDependency
    Orchard.Mvc.Routes.IHttpRouteProvider : IDependency
    Orchard.Mvc.Routes.DefaultRouteProvider:IRouteProvider 
    Orchard.Mvc.Routes.StandardExtensionRouteProvider:IRouteProvider 
    Orchard.Mvc.Routes.RoutePublisher : IRoutePublisher
    Orchard.Mvc.Routes.UrlPrefix
    Orchard.Mvc.Routes.UrlPrefixAdjustedHttpContext
    Orchard.Environment.RunningShellTable : IRunningShellTable
    Orchard.Environment.WorkContextAccessor : IWorkContextAccessor
    Orchard.WorkContext
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/alby/p/2953844.html
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