除了利用DBCA创建数据库之外，还可以利用Create Database语句手工创建数据库，不过Oracle建议利用DBCA建库，本篇主要探讨如何手工进行数据库的创建。
主要创建过程如下：
一、创建目录
[oracle@sz oracle]$ mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/admin/db01/adump [oracle@sz oracle]$ mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/admin/db01/dpdump [oracle@sz oracle]$ mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/admin/db01/pfile [oracle@sz oracle]$ mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/db01 [oracle@sz oracle]$ mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/db01 [oracle@sz oracle]$ mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/oradata/db01 [oracle@sz oracle]$
二、创建Pfile
[oracle@sz oracle]$ vim product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/initdb01.ora ---->设置以下3个即可，其他保持默认值 name='db01' memory_target=1G control_files = '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/db01/control01.ctl','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/db01/control02.ctl'
三、创建密码文件
[oracle@sz oracle]$ orapwd file=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/orapwdb01 entries=10 Enter password for SYS: [oracle@sz oracle]$
四、连接实例
[oracle@sz oracle]$ sqlplus / as sysdba SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Tue Sep 5 05:42:59 2017 Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved Connected to an idle instance.
五、创建SPfile
SQL> create spfile from pfile; File created.
六、启动到NoMount状态
SQL> startup nomount ORACLE instance started. Total System Global Area 521936896 bytes Fixed Size 2254824 bytes Variable Size 314574872 bytes Database Buffers 201326592 bytes Redo Buffers 3780608 bytes SQL>
七、创建数据库
SQL> create database db01 2 user SYS identified by oracle 3 user SYSTEM identified by oracle 4 logfile group 1 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/db01/redo01a.log') size 100M blocksize 512, 5 group 2 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/db01/redo02a.log') size 100M blocksize 512, 6 group 3 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/db01/redo03a.log') size 100M blocksize 512 7 maxlogfiles 5 8 maxlogmembers 5 9 maxloghistory 1 10 maxdatafiles 100 11 character set AL32UTF8 12 national character set AL16UTF16 13 extent management local 14 datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/db01/system01.dbf' size 325M reuse 15 SYSAUX datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/db01/sysaux01.dbf' size 325M reuse 16 default tablespace users 17 datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/db01/users01.dbf' size 500M reuse autoextend on maxsize unlimited 18 default temporary tablespace tempts1 19 tempfile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/db01/temp01.dbf' 20 size 50M reuse 21 undo tablespace undotbs1 22 datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/db01/undotbs01.dbf' 23 size 100M reuse autoextend on maxsize unlimited; Database created. SQL> select instance_name,status from v$instance;--->创建完数据库，数据库自动打开 INSTANCE_NAME STATUS ---------------- ------------ db01 OPEN SQL>
八、运行脚本建立数据字典视图
以SYSDBA管理权限运行下面的脚本：
SQL> @?/rdbms/admin/catalog.sql --->创建数据字典视图、动态性能视图和同义词
SQL> @?/rdbms/admin/catproc.sql --->运行所有PL/SQL需要或使用的脚本
SQL> @?/rdbms/admin/utlrp.sql --->重新编译失效状态的PL/SQL模块，包括包、过程或类型
以SYSTEM用户执行下面的脚本：
SQL> conn system/oracle
Connected.
SQL> @?/sqlplus/admin/pupbld.sql --->SQL*Plus相关的九、利用netmgr配置监听
具体配置可参考Oracle 11g利用Netmgr配置监听器和服务
[oracle@sz oracle]$ more product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora
# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
DB01 =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = sz.pri.com)(PORT = 1522))
)
ADR_BASE_DB01 = /u01/app/oracle
SID_LIST_SZ_PRI =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(GLOBAL_DBNAME = szpri)
(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1)
(SID_NAME = szpri)
)
)
SZ_PRI =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = sz.pri.com)(PORT = 1521))
)
SID_LIST_DB01 =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(GLOBAL_DBNAME = db01)
(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1)
(SID_NAME = db01)
)
)
ADR_BASE_SZ_PRI = /u01/app/oracle
[oracle@sz oracle]$
[oracle@sz oracle]$ lsnrctl start db01
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 09-SEP-2017 23:32:09
Copyright (c) 1991, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Starting /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/bin/tnslsnr: please wait...
TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production
System parameter file is /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Log messages written to /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/sz/db01/alert/log.xml
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=sz.pri.com)(PORT=1522)))
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=sz.pri.com)(PORT=1522)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias db01
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production
Start Date 09-SEP-2017 23:32:09
Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 0 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Parameter File /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/sz/db01/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=sz.pri.com)(PORT=1522)))
Services Summary...
Service "db01" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "db01", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully
[oracle@sz oracle]$