spring创建单例bean

（使用的spring版本是3.2.10）

在xml文件中配置一个普通的bean，默认使用单例，创建该bean的调用栈如下：

ClassPathXmlApplicationContext

//ClassPathXmlApplicationContext
public ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(String configLocation) throws BeansException {
    this(new String[] {configLocation}, true, null);
}

public ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(String[] configLocations, boolean refresh, ApplicationContext parent)
        throws BeansException {
    super(parent);
    setConfigLocations(configLocations);
    if (refresh) {
        refresh();
    }
}

AbstractApplicationContext

//AbstractApplicationContext
public void refresh() throws BeansException, IllegalStateException {
    synchronized (this.startupShutdownMonitor) {
        // Prepare this context for refreshing.
        prepareRefresh();

        // Tell the subclass to refresh the internal bean factory.
        // DefaultListableBeanFactory对象
        ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory = obtainFreshBeanFactory();

        // Prepare the bean factory for use in this context.
        prepareBeanFactory(beanFactory);

        try {
            ...
            // Instantiate all remaining (non-lazy-init) singletons.
            //实例化所有非懒加载的单例bean
            finishBeanFactoryInitialization(beanFactory);、
        }
    }    
}

//AbstractApplicationContext
protected void finishBeanFactoryInitialization(ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory) {
    // Initialize conversion service for this context.
    if (beanFactory.containsBean(CONVERSION_SERVICE_BEAN_NAME) &&
            beanFactory.isTypeMatch(CONVERSION_SERVICE_BEAN_NAME, ConversionService.class)) {
        beanFactory.setConversionService(
                beanFactory.getBean(CONVERSION_SERVICE_BEAN_NAME, ConversionService.class));
    }

    // Initialize LoadTimeWeaverAware beans early to allow for registering their transformers early.
    String[] weaverAwareNames = beanFactory.getBeanNamesForType(LoadTimeWeaverAware.class, false, false);
    for (String weaverAwareName : weaverAwareNames) {
        getBean(weaverAwareName);
    }

    // Stop using the temporary ClassLoader for type matching.
    beanFactory.setTempClassLoader(null);

    // Allow for caching all bean definition metadata, not expecting further changes.
    beanFactory.freezeConfiguration();

    // Instantiate all remaining (non-lazy-init) singletons.
    beanFactory.preInstantiateSingletons();
}

继承关系：
DefaultListableBeanFactory
    -> AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory
        -> AbstractBeanFactory
            -> FactoryBeanRegistrySupport
                -> DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry

DefaultListableBeanFactory

// DefaultListableBeanFactory
public void preInstantiateSingletons() throws BeansException {
    if (this.logger.isInfoEnabled()) {
        this.logger.info("Pre-instantiating singletons in " + this);
    }
    List<String> beanNames;
    synchronized (this.beanDefinitionMap) {
        // Iterate over a copy to allow for init methods which in turn register new bean definitions.
        // While this may not be part of the regular factory bootstrap, it does otherwise work fine.
        beanNames = new ArrayList<String>(this.beanDefinitionNames);
    }
    for (String beanName : beanNames) {
        RootBeanDefinition bd = getMergedLocalBeanDefinition(beanName);
        if (!bd.isAbstract() && bd.isSingleton() && !bd.isLazyInit()) {
            if (isFactoryBean(beanName)) {
                final FactoryBean<?> factory = (FactoryBean<?>) getBean(FACTORY_BEAN_PREFIX + beanName);
                boolean isEagerInit;
                if (System.getSecurityManager() != null && factory instanceof SmartFactoryBean) {
                    isEagerInit = AccessController.doPrivileged(new PrivilegedAction<Boolean>() {
                        public Boolean run() {
                            return ((SmartFactoryBean<?>) factory).isEagerInit();
                        }
                    }, getAccessControlContext());
                }
                else {
                    isEagerInit = (factory instanceof SmartFactoryBean &&
                            ((SmartFactoryBean<?>) factory).isEagerInit());
                }
                if (isEagerInit) {
                    getBean(beanName);
                }
            }
            else {
                getBean(beanName);
            }
        }
    }
}

AbstractBeanFactory

// AbstractBeanFactory
public Object getBean(String name) throws BeansException {
    return doGetBean(name, null, null, false);
}

// AbstractBeanFactory
protected <T> T doGetBean(
        final String name, final Class<T> requiredType, final Object[] args, boolean typeCheckOnly)
        throws BeansException {

    final String beanName = transformedBeanName(name);
    Object bean;

    // Eagerly check singleton cache for manually registered singletons.
    Object sharedInstance = getSingleton(beanName);
    if (sharedInstance != null && args == null) {
        ...
    }
    else {
        ...
        try {
            final RootBeanDefinition mbd = getMergedLocalBeanDefinition(beanName);
            checkMergedBeanDefinition(mbd, beanName, args);

            // Guarantee initialization of beans that the current bean depends on.
            String[] dependsOn = mbd.getDependsOn();
            if (dependsOn != null) {
                for (String dependsOnBean : dependsOn) {
                    getBean(dependsOnBean);
                    registerDependentBean(dependsOnBean, beanName);
                }
            }
            // 单例bean进入这个分支
            // Create bean instance.
            if (mbd.isSingleton()) { 
                //创建ObjectFactory的实现类，调用AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory的createBean
                sharedInstance = getSingleton(beanName, new ObjectFactory<Object>() {
                    public Object getObject() throws BeansException {
                        try {
                            return createBean(beanName, mbd, args);
                        }
                        catch (BeansException ex) {
                            destroySingleton(beanName);
                            throw ex;
                        }
                    }
                });
                bean = getObjectForBeanInstance(sharedInstance, name, beanName, mbd);
            }

            else if (mbd.isPrototype()) {
                // It's a prototype -> create a new instance.
                Object prototypeInstance = null;
                try {
                    beforePrototypeCreation(beanName);
                    prototypeInstance = createBean(beanName, mbd, args);
                }
                finally {
                    afterPrototypeCreation(beanName);
                }
                bean = getObjectForBeanInstance(prototypeInstance, name, beanName, mbd);
            }

            else {
                ...
            }
        }
        catch (BeansException ex) {
            cleanupAfterBeanCreationFailure(beanName);
            throw ex;
        }
    }

    // Check if required type matches the type of the actual bean instance.
    if (requiredType != null && bean != null && !requiredType.isAssignableFrom(bean.getClass())) {
        try {
            return getTypeConverter().convertIfNecessary(bean, requiredType);
        }
        catch (TypeMismatchException ex) {
            if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
                logger.debug("Failed to convert bean '" + name + "' to required type [" +
                        ClassUtils.getQualifiedName(requiredType) + "]", ex);
            }
            throw new BeanNotOfRequiredTypeException(name, requiredType, bean.getClass());
        }
    }
    return (T) bean;
}

DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry

//DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry
public Object getSingleton(String beanName, ObjectFactory<?> singletonFactory) {
    Assert.notNull(beanName, "'beanName' must not be null");
    synchronized (this.singletonObjects) {
        Object singletonObject = this.singletonObjects.get(beanName);
        if (singletonObject == null) {
            if (this.singletonsCurrentlyInDestruction) {
                throw new BeanCreationNotAllowedException(beanName,
                        "Singleton bean creation not allowed while the singletons of this factory are in destruction " +
                        "(Do not request a bean from a BeanFactory in a destroy method implementation!)");
            }
            if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
                logger.debug("Creating shared instance of singleton bean '" + beanName + "'");
            }
            beforeSingletonCreation(beanName);
            boolean recordSuppressedExceptions = (this.suppressedExceptions == null);
            if (recordSuppressedExceptions) {
                this.suppressedExceptions = new LinkedHashSet<Exception>();
            }
            try {
                //调用ObjectFactory的方法
                singletonObject = singletonFactory.getObject();
            }
            catch (BeanCreationException ex) {
                if (recordSuppressedExceptions) {
                    for (Exception suppressedException : this.suppressedExceptions) {
                        ex.addRelatedCause(suppressedException);
                    }
                }
                throw ex;
            }
            finally {
                if (recordSuppressedExceptions) {
                    this.suppressedExceptions = null;
                }
                afterSingletonCreation(beanName);
            }
            addSingleton(beanName, singletonObject);
        }
        return (singletonObject != NULL_OBJECT ? singletonObject : null);
    }
}

AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory

//AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory
@Override
protected Object createBean(final String beanName, final RootBeanDefinition mbd, final Object[] args)
        throws BeanCreationException {

    if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
        logger.debug("Creating instance of bean '" + beanName + "'");
    }
    // Make sure bean class is actually resolved at this point.
    resolveBeanClass(mbd, beanName);

    // Prepare method overrides.
    try {
        mbd.prepareMethodOverrides();
    }
    catch (BeanDefinitionValidationException ex) {
        throw new BeanDefinitionStoreException(mbd.getResourceDescription(),
                beanName, "Validation of method overrides failed", ex);
    }

    try {
        // Give BeanPostProcessors a chance to return a proxy instead of the target bean instance.
        Object bean = resolveBeforeInstantiation(beanName, mbd);
        if (bean != null) {
            return bean;
        }
    }
    catch (Throwable ex) {
        throw new BeanCreationException(mbd.getResourceDescription(), beanName,
                "BeanPostProcessor before instantiation of bean failed", ex);
    }

    //调用doCreateBean
    Object beanInstance = doCreateBean(beanName, mbd, args);
    if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
        logger.debug("Finished creating instance of bean '" + beanName + "'");
    }
    return beanInstance;
}

//AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory
protected Object doCreateBean(final String beanName, final RootBeanDefinition mbd, final Object[] args) {
    // Instantiate the bean.
    BeanWrapper instanceWrapper = null;
    if (mbd.isSingleton()) {
        instanceWrapper = this.factoryBeanInstanceCache.remove(beanName);
    }
    if (instanceWrapper == null) {
        //调用createBeanInstance
        instanceWrapper = createBeanInstance(beanName, mbd, args);
    }
    final Object bean = (instanceWrapper != null ? instanceWrapper.getWrappedInstance() : null);
    Class<?> beanType = (instanceWrapper != null ? instanceWrapper.getWrappedClass() : null);

    // Allow post-processors to modify the merged bean definition.
    synchronized (mbd.postProcessingLock) {
        if (!mbd.postProcessed) {
            applyMergedBeanDefinitionPostProcessors(mbd, beanType, beanName);
            mbd.postProcessed = true;
        }
    }

    // Eagerly cache singletons to be able to resolve circular references
    // even when triggered by lifecycle interfaces like BeanFactoryAware.
    boolean earlySingletonExposure = (mbd.isSingleton() && this.allowCircularReferences &&
            isSingletonCurrentlyInCreation(beanName));
    if (earlySingletonExposure) {
        if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
            logger.debug("Eagerly caching bean '" + beanName +
                    "' to allow for resolving potential circular references");
        }
        addSingletonFactory(beanName, new ObjectFactory<Object>() {
            public Object getObject() throws BeansException {
                return getEarlyBeanReference(beanName, mbd, bean);
            }
        });
    }

    // Initialize the bean instance.
    Object exposedObject = bean;
    try {
        populateBean(beanName, mbd, instanceWrapper);
        if (exposedObject != null) {
            exposedObject = initializeBean(beanName, exposedObject, mbd);
        }
    }
    catch (Throwable ex) {
        if (ex instanceof BeanCreationException && beanName.equals(((BeanCreationException) ex).getBeanName())) {
            throw (BeanCreationException) ex;
        }
        else {
            throw new BeanCreationException(mbd.getResourceDescription(), beanName, "Initialization of bean failed", ex);
        }
    }

    if (earlySingletonExposure) {
        Object earlySingletonReference = getSingleton(beanName, false);
        if (earlySingletonReference != null) {
            if (exposedObject == bean) {
                exposedObject = earlySingletonReference;
            }
            else if (!this.allowRawInjectionDespiteWrapping && hasDependentBean(beanName)) {
                String[] dependentBeans = getDependentBeans(beanName);
                Set<String> actualDependentBeans = new LinkedHashSet<String>(dependentBeans.length);
                for (String dependentBean : dependentBeans) {
                    if (!removeSingletonIfCreatedForTypeCheckOnly(dependentBean)) {
                        actualDependentBeans.add(dependentBean);
                    }
                }
                if (!actualDependentBeans.isEmpty()) {
                    throw new BeanCurrentlyInCreationException(beanName,
                            "Bean with name '" + beanName + "' has been injected into other beans [" +
                            StringUtils.collectionToCommaDelimitedString(actualDependentBeans) +
                            "] in its raw version as part of a circular reference, but has eventually been " +
                            "wrapped. This means that said other beans do not use the final version of the " +
                            "bean. This is often the result of over-eager type matching - consider using " +
                            "'getBeanNamesOfType' with the 'allowEagerInit' flag turned off, for example.");
                }
            }
        }
    }

    // Register bean as disposable.
    try {
        registerDisposableBeanIfNecessary(beanName, bean, mbd);
    }
    catch (BeanDefinitionValidationException ex) {
        throw new BeanCreationException(mbd.getResourceDescription(), beanName, "Invalid destruction signature", ex);
    }

    return exposedObject;
}

//AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory
protected BeanWrapper createBeanInstance(String beanName, RootBeanDefinition mbd, Object[] args) {
    // Make sure bean class is actually resolved at this point.
    Class<?> beanClass = resolveBeanClass(mbd, beanName);

    if (beanClass != null && !Modifier.isPublic(beanClass.getModifiers()) && !mbd.isNonPublicAccessAllowed()) {
        throw new BeanCreationException(mbd.getResourceDescription(), beanName,
                "Bean class isn't public, and non-public access not allowed: " + beanClass.getName());
    }

    if (mbd.getFactoryMethodName() != null)  {
        return instantiateUsingFactoryMethod(beanName, mbd, args);
    }

    // Shortcut when re-creating the same bean...
    boolean resolved = false;
    boolean autowireNecessary = false;
    if (args == null) {
        synchronized (mbd.constructorArgumentLock) {
            if (mbd.resolvedConstructorOrFactoryMethod != null) {
                resolved = true;
                autowireNecessary = mbd.constructorArgumentsResolved;
            }
        }
    }
    if (resolved) {
        if (autowireNecessary) {
            return autowireConstructor(beanName, mbd, null, null);
        }
        else {
            return instantiateBean(beanName, mbd);
        }
    }

    // Need to determine the constructor...
    Constructor<?>[] ctors = determineConstructorsFromBeanPostProcessors(beanClass, beanName);
    if (ctors != null ||
            mbd.getResolvedAutowireMode() == RootBeanDefinition.AUTOWIRE_CONSTRUCTOR ||
            mbd.hasConstructorArgumentValues() || !ObjectUtils.isEmpty(args))  {
        return autowireConstructor(beanName, mbd, ctors, args);
    }

    // No special handling: simply use no-arg constructor.
    // 调用instantiateBean
    return instantiateBean(beanName, mbd);
}

//AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory
protected BeanWrapper instantiateBean(final String beanName, final RootBeanDefinition mbd) {
    try {
        Object beanInstance;
        final BeanFactory parent = this;
        if (System.getSecurityManager() != null) {
            beanInstance = AccessController.doPrivileged(new PrivilegedAction<Object>() {
                public Object run() {
                    return getInstantiationStrategy().instantiate(mbd, beanName, parent);
                }
            }, getAccessControlContext());
        }
        else {
            //走这个分支
            beanInstance = getInstantiationStrategy().instantiate(mbd, beanName, parent);
        }
        BeanWrapper bw = new BeanWrapperImpl(beanInstance);
        initBeanWrapper(bw);
        return bw;
    }
    catch (Throwable ex) {
        throw new BeanCreationException(mbd.getResourceDescription(), beanName, "Instantiation of bean failed", ex);
    }
}

SimpleInstantiationStrategy

//SimpleInstantiationStrategy
public Object instantiate(RootBeanDefinition beanDefinition, String beanName, BeanFactory owner) {
    // Don't override the class with CGLIB if no overrides.
    if (beanDefinition.getMethodOverrides().isEmpty()) {
        Constructor<?> constructorToUse;
        synchronized (beanDefinition.constructorArgumentLock) {
            constructorToUse = (Constructor<?>) beanDefinition.resolvedConstructorOrFactoryMethod;
            if (constructorToUse == null) {
                final Class<?> clazz = beanDefinition.getBeanClass();
                if (clazz.isInterface()) {
                    throw new BeanInstantiationException(clazz, "Specified class is an interface");
                }
                try {
                    if (System.getSecurityManager() != null) {
                        constructorToUse = AccessController.doPrivileged(new PrivilegedExceptionAction<Constructor>() {
                            public Constructor<?> run() throws Exception {
                                return clazz.getDeclaredConstructor((Class[]) null);
                            }
                        });
                    }
                    else {
                        constructorToUse =    clazz.getDeclaredConstructor((Class[]) null);
                    }
                    beanDefinition.resolvedConstructorOrFactoryMethod = constructorToUse;
                }
                catch (Exception ex) {
                    throw new BeanInstantiationException(clazz, "No default constructor found", ex);
                }
            }
        }
        // 普通的bean不需要代理
        return BeanUtils.instantiateClass(constructorToUse);
    }
    else {
        // Must generate CGLIB subclass.
        return instantiateWithMethodInjection(beanDefinition, beanName, owner);
    }
}

BeanUtils

//BeanUtils
public static <T> T instantiateClass(Constructor<T> ctor, Object... args) throws BeanInstantiationException {
    Assert.notNull(ctor, "Constructor must not be null");
    try {
        ReflectionUtils.makeAccessible(ctor);
        return ctor.newInstance(args);
    }
    catch (InstantiationException ex) {
        throw new BeanInstantiationException(ctor.getDeclaringClass(),
                "Is it an abstract class?", ex);
    }
    catch (IllegalAccessException ex) {
        throw new BeanInstantiationException(ctor.getDeclaringClass(),
                "Is the constructor accessible?", ex);
    }
    catch (IllegalArgumentException ex) {
        throw new BeanInstantiationException(ctor.getDeclaringClass(),
                "Illegal arguments for constructor", ex);
    }
    catch (InvocationTargetException ex) {
        throw new BeanInstantiationException(ctor.getDeclaringClass(),
                "Constructor threw exception", ex.getTargetException());
    }
}