selenium通过driver.findElement(By selector)来定位元素，selector在selenium-java.jar中，里面的方法一共就8种，如下图：
基本定义：
By.id WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.id("passwd-id")); By.name WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.name("passwd")); By. path WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//input[@id='passwd-id']")); By.className WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.className("input_class")); By.cssSelector WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(".input_class")); By.linkText //通俗点就是精确查询 WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); driver.get("http://www.baidu.com/"); WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.linkText("百科")); By.partialLinkText //这个方法就是模糊查询 WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); driver.get("http://www.baidu.com/"); WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.partialLinkText("hao"));
frame定位
1.iFrame有ID 或者 name的情况 //进入id="frame1"的frame中，定位id="div1"的div和id="input1"的输入框。 dr.switchTo().frame("frame1"); dr.findElement(By.id("div1")); dr.findElement(By.id("input1")) 2.如果一个iFrame既没有id，也没有name,通用情况 // 定位frame位置，并选取frame WebElement frame=driver.findElement(By.xpath( "/html/body/div[2]/div[8]/div[2]/div[3]/div/div[2]/div/iframe" )); driver.switchTo().frame(frame); 3.跳出iFrame //跳出frame,进入default content;重新定位id="id1"的div dr.switchTo().defaultContent(); dr.findElement（By.id("id１")）
下面提供了一些常见的方法：获取元素、判断元素是否存在、点击button、填写文本、等待事件
1 import org.openqa.selenium.By; 2 import org.openqa.selenium.NoSuchElementException; 3 import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; 4 import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; 5 import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.Select; 6 7 /** 8 * @auth Nancy 9 * @data 2016-11-23上午11:46:14 10 * @description 页面元素工具 11 */ 12 public class UIUtils { 13 14 public static int waitTimes = 5; 15 16 17 18 //***************************getBy**************************** 19 20 /** 21 * 判断页面元素是否存在 22 * @param driver 23 * @param selector 24 * @return 25 */ 26 public static boolean isElementExsit(WebDriver driver, By selector) { 27 try { 28 driver.findElement(selector); 29 return true; 30 } catch (NoSuchElementException e) { 31 return false; 32 } 33 } 34 35 /** 36 * 判断元素是否存在 通过ID 37 * @param driver 38 * @param id 39 * @return 40 */ 41 public static boolean isElementExsitById(WebDriver driver,String id) { 42 try { 43 driver.findElement(By.id(id)); 44 return true; 45 } catch (NoSuchElementException e) { 46 return false; 47 } 48 } 49 50 /** 51 * 查找元素 通过By 52 * @param driver 53 * @param selector 54 * @return 55 */ 56 public static WebElement getElement(WebDriver driver, By selector){ 57 try { 58 WebElement element = driver.findElement(selector); 59 return element; 60 } catch (NoSuchElementException e) { 61 return null; 62 } 63 } 64 65 /** 66 * 查找元素 通过tagName 67 * @param driver 68 * @param selector 69 * @return 70 */ 71 public static WebElement getElementTagName(WebDriver driver, String name){ 72 try { 73 WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.tagName(name)); 74 return element; 75 } catch (NoSuchElementException e) { 76 return null; 77 } 78 } 79 80 81 /** 82 * 查找元素 通过Id 83 * @param driver 84 * @param id 85 * @return 86 */ 87 public static WebElement getElementById(WebDriver driver, String id){ 88 try { 89 WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.id(id)); 90 return element; 91 } catch (NoSuchElementException e) { 92 new NoSuchElementException("找不到元素"); 93 return null; 94 } 95 } 96 /** 97 * 查找元素 通过xpath 98 * @param driver 99 * @param id 100 * @return 101 */ 102 public static WebElement getElementByXpath(WebDriver driver, String xpath){ 103 try { 104 WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.xpath(xpath)); 105 return element; 106 } catch (NoSuchElementException e) { 107 new NoSuchElementException("找不到元素"); 108 return null; 109 } 110 } 111 112 /** 113 * 查找元素 通过name 114 * @param driver 115 * @param name 116 * @return 117 */ 118 public static WebElement getElementByName(WebDriver driver, String name){ 119 try { 120 WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.name(name)); 121 if(element!=null){ 122 return element; 123 }else{ 124 new NoSuchElementException("找不到元素"); 125 return null; 126 } 127 } catch (NoSuchElementException e) { 128 new NoSuchElementException("找不到元素"); 129 return null; 130 } 131 } 132 133 /** 134 * 查找元素 通过超链接 135 * @param driver 136 * @param text 137 * @return 138 */ 139 public static WebElement getElementByLinkText(WebDriver driver, String text){ 140 try { 141 WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.linkText(text)); 142 return element; 143 } catch (NoSuchElementException e) { 144 new NoSuchElementException(text+"元素找不到!"); 145 return null; 146 } 147 } 148 149 /** 150 * 查找元素 通过className 151 * @param driver 152 * @param text 153 * @return 154 */ 155 public static WebElement getElementByClassName(WebDriver driver, String className){ 156 try { 157 WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.className(className)); 158 return element; 159 } catch (NoSuchElementException e) { 160 new NoSuchElementException(className+"元素找不到!"); 161 return null; 162 } 163 } 164 165 166 //***************************点击button**************************** 167 /** 168 * 点击 button 超链接 169 * @param driver 170 * @param text 171 */ 172 public static void clickByLinkText(WebDriver driver, String text){ 173 WebElement element = getElementByLinkText(driver,text); 174 element.click(); 175 wait(waitTimes); 176 } 177 178 /** 179 * 点击 button 通过Id 180 * @param driver 181 * @param id 182 */ 183 public static void clickById(WebDriver driver,String id){ 184 WebElement element = getElementById(driver, id); 185 element.click(); 186 wait(waitTimes); 187 } 188 /** 189 * 点击 button 通过Id 190 * @param driver 191 * @param id 192 */ 193 public static void clickByXpath(WebDriver driver,String xpath){ 194 WebElement element = getElementByXpath(driver, xpath); 195 element.click(); 196 wait(waitTimes); 197 } 198 199 /** 200 * 点击 button 通过name 201 * @param driver 202 * @param name 203 */ 204 public static void clickByName(WebDriver driver,String name){ 205 WebElement element = getElementByName(driver, name); 206 element.click(); 207 wait(waitTimes); 208 } 209 210 /** 211 * 点击 button 通过classname 212 * @param driver 213 * @param className 214 */ 215 public static void clickByClassName(WebDriver driver,String className){ 216 WebElement element =getElementByClassName(driver, className); 217 element.click(); 218 wait(waitTimes); 219 } 220 221 //***************************选择下拉框select**************************** 222 public static Select selectBy(WebDriver driver,By by){ 223 Select userSelect= new Select(getElement(driver, by)); 224 return userSelect; 225 } 226 227 /** 228 * 获取明文为value的值 229 * @param driver 230 * @param by 231 * @param value 232 */ 233 public static void selectVisualTextBy(WebDriver driver,By by,String visibleText){ 234 Select userSelect= new Select(getElement(driver, by)); 235 userSelect.selectByVisibleText(visibleText); 236 } 237 238 public static void selectVisualTextByName(WebDriver driver,String name,String visibleText){ 239 selectVisualTextBy(driver, By.name(name), visibleText); 240 } 241 242 //***************************赋值input**************************** 243 /** 244 * 通过id找到元素,赋值 245 * @param driver 246 * @param id id 247 * @param text 需要输入的文字 248 */ 249 public static void sendKeysById(WebDriver driver, String id,String text){ 250 WebElement element = getElementById(driver,id); 251 element.sendKeys(text); 252 } 253 254 //***************************等待**************************** 255 /** 256 * 等待 257 * @param seconds 258 */ 259 public static void waitMoment(){ 260 wait(waitTimes); 261 } 262 /** 263 * 等待 264 * @param seconds 265 */ 266 public static void wait(int seconds){ 267 try { 268 Thread.sleep(seconds * 1000); 269 } catch (InterruptedException e) { 270 e.printStackTrace(); 271 } 272 } 273 274 /** 275 * 等待元素最多三十秒 276 * @param driver 277 * @param id 278 * @return 279 */ 280 public static boolean waitElementById(WebDriver driver,String id){ 281 boolean flag = false; 282 int i = 1; 283 while(!flag&i<=6){ 284 wait(waitTimes); 285 flag = isElementExsitById(driver,id); 286 i++; 287 } 288 return flag; 289 } 290 291 /** 292 * 通过超链接等待元素 293 * @param driver 294 * @param text 295 * @return 296 */ 297 public static boolean waitElementByLinkText(WebDriver driver,String text){ 298 boolean flag = false; 299 int i = 1; 300 while(!flag&i<=6){ 301 wait(waitTimes); 302 flag = isElementExsit(driver,By.linkText(text)); 303 i++; 304 } 305 return flag; 306 } 307