ORACLE 并行(PARALLEL)实现方式及优先级

http://blog.itpub.net/25542870/viewspace-2120924/

一、      Parallel query

默认情况下session 是ENABLE状态

1.       实现方式

1 Alter session force parallel query;

2 Alter table tab1 parallel n;

3 Hist方式

2.       并行度设置

Alter table tab1 parallel n;

Select /*+parallel(tab n)*/ from tab;

Alter session force parallel query parallel n;

如果没有设置将执行默认并行度

3.       默认并行度

单实例 = PARALLEL_THREADS_PER_CPU x CPU_COUNT

RAC = PARALLEL_THREADS_PER_CPU x CPU_COUNT x INSTANCE_COUNT

SQL> show parameter parallel

NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
fast_start_parallel_rollback string LOW
parallel_adaptive_multi_user boolean TRUE
parallel_automatic_tuning boolean FALSE
parallel_degree_limit string CPU
parallel_degree_policy string MANUAL
parallel_execution_message_size integer 16384
parallel_force_local boolean FALSE
parallel_instance_group string
parallel_io_cap_enabled boolean FALSE
parallel_max_servers integer 970
parallel_min_percent integer 0
parallel_min_servers integer 0
parallel_min_time_threshold string AUTO
parallel_server boolean FALSE
parallel_server_instances integer 1
parallel_servers_target integer 768
parallel_threads_per_cpu integer 2
recovery_parallelism integer 0

SQL> show parameter cpu

NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
cpu_count integer 48
parallel_threads_per_cpu integer 2
resource_manager_cpu_allocation integer 48

SQL> show parameter instance

NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
active_instance_count integer
cluster_database_instances integer 1
instance_groups string
instance_name string cnups1u
instance_number integer 0
instance_type string RDBMS
open_links_per_instance integer 4
parallel_instance_group string
parallel_server_instances integer 1

新创建表默认并行度是1

SQL> create table tab_3 as select * from dba_objects;

Table created.

SQL> select table_name,degree from user_tables;

TABLE_NAME                     DEGREE

------------------------------ ----------

TAB_3                                   1

4.       优先级(并行度覆盖)

官方说明

If you are sure you want to execute in parallel and want to avoid setting the DOP for a table or modifying the queries involved, you can force parallelism with the following statement:

ALTER SESSION FORCE PARALLEL QUERY;

All subsequent queries are executed in parallel provided no restrictions are violated. You can also force DML and DDL statements. This clause overrides any parallel clause specified in subsequent statements in the session, but is overridden by a parallel hint.

In typical OLTP environments, for example, the tables are not set parallel, but nightly batch scripts may want to collect data from these tables in parallel. By setting the DOP in the session, the user avoids altering each table in parallel and then altering it back to serial when finished.

Hint > session > object

二、      Parallel DML (INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, and MERGE) 

默认情况下session 是DISBALE状态

只有再使用(Alter session force parallel DML;

或者Alter session enable parallel DML)才可以使用parallel并行

1.       实现方式

Alter session force parallel DML;

Alter table tab1 parallel n;

Hist 方式

2.       并行度设置

Alter table tab1 parallel n;

Alter session force parallel DML parallel n;

UPDATE /*+ PARALLEL(tab1,4) */ tbl_2 SET c1=c1+1;

INSERT /*+ PARALLEL(tbl_ins,2) */ INTO tbl_ins

SELECT /*+ PARALLEL(tbl_sel,4) */ * FROM tbl_sel;

DELETE /*+ PARALLEL (t1, 2) */ FROM t1

如果没有设置将执行默认并行度

3.       优先级(并行度覆盖)

Hint > session > object

三、      Parallel DDL

支持的操作

非分区表

CREATE INDEX

CREATE TABLE ... AS SELECT

ALTER INDEX ... REBUILD

分区表

CREATE INDEX

CREATE TABLE ... AS SELECT

ALTER TABLE ... [MOVE|SPLIT|COALESCE] PARTITION

ALTER INDEX ... [REBUILD|SPLIT] PARTITION

默认情况下session 是ENABLE状态

1.       实现方式

ALTER SESSION FORCE PARALLEL DDL

PARALLEL clause

2.       优先级(并行度覆盖)

Hint > session

3.       并行度设置

ALTER SESSION FORCE PARALLEL DDL parallel 10;<span "="">

CREATE INDEX ….parallel 10;

ALTER INDEX ... REBUILD parallel 10;

ALTER INDEX ... MOVE PARTITION parallel 10;

ALTER INDEX ...SPLIT PARTITION parallel 10;