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  • Intel Naming Strategy--1

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_Internet_device

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Intel_Atom_microprocessors

    The Intel Atom is Intel's line of low-power, low-cost and low-performance x86 and x86-64 microprocessors. Atom, with codenames of Silverthorne andDiamondville, was first announced on March 2, 2008.

    For Nettop and Netbook Atom microprocessors after Diamondville, the memory and graphics controller are moved from the northbridge to the CPU. This explains the drastically increased transistor count for post-Diamondville Atom microprocessors.

    Contents

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    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_Internet_device#Intel_MID_platforms

    Intel MID platforms[edit]

    		 This section only describes one highly specialized aspect of its associated subject. Please help improve this article by adding more general information. The talk page may contain suggestions. (October 2009)
    MID with Atom: Gigabyte M528
    See also: Tablet computer#Intel tablet platforms

    Intel announced a prototype MID at the Intel Developer Forum in Spring 2007 in Beijing. A MID development kit by Sophia Systems using Intel Centrino Atom was announced in April 2008.[5]

    Intel MID platforms are based on an Intel processor and chipset which consume less power than most of the x86 derivatives. A few platforms have been announced as listed below:

    McCaslin platform (2007)[edit]

    Intel's first generation MID platform (codenamed McCaslin) contains a 90 nm Intel A100/A110 processor (codenamed Stealey) which runs at 600–800 MHz.

    CentrinoMcCaslin platform
    Mobile chipset an Intel 945GU Express MCH northbridge (codenamed Little River) with integrated GMA 950 graphics and an ICH7-U southbridge
    Mobile processor a 90 nm Intel A100/A110 processor (codenamed Stealey)
    Wireless network a wireless radio

    Menlow platform (2008)[edit]

    On 2 March 2008, Intel introduced the Intel Atom processor brand[6] for a new family of low-power processor platforms. The components have thin, small designs and work together to "enable the best mobile computing and Internet experience" on mobile and low-power devices.

    Intel's second generation MID platform (codenamed Menlow) contains a 45 nm Intel Atom processor (codenamed Silverthorne) which can run up to 2.0 GHz and a System Controller Hub (codenamed Poulsbo) which includes Intel HD Audio (codenamed Azalia). This platform was initially branded as Centrino Atom but such practice was discontinued in Q3 2008.

    CentrinoMenlow platform
    Mobile chipset an Intel SCH (codenamed Poulsbo) with integrated GMA 500 graphics (PowerVR SGX 535 based)
    Mobile processor a 45 nm Intel Atom processor (codenamed Silverthorne)
    Wireless network a wireless radio

    Moorestown platform (2010)[edit]

    Intel's third generation MID/smartphone platform (codenamed Moorestown) contains a 45 nm Intel Atom processor (codenamed Lincroft) and a 65 nm Platform Controller Hub (codenamed Langwell). Since the memory controller and graphics controller are all now integrated into the processor, the northbridge has been removed and the processor communicates directly with the southbridge via the DMI bus interface.

    AtomMoorestown platform
    Mobile chipset a 65 nm Intel PCH (codenamed Langwell) and an MSIC (codenamed Briertown)
    Mobile processor a 45 nm Intel Atom processor (codenamed Lincroft) with integrated GMA 600 graphics (PowerVR SGX 535 based)
    Wireless network a wireless radio (codenamed Evans Peak)[7]

    Medfield platform (2012)[edit]

    Intel's fourth generation MID/smartphone platform (codenamed Medfield) contains a 32 nm Intel Atom SoC (codenamed Penwell).

    AtomMedfield platform
    Mobile processor a 32 nm Intel Atom SoC (codenamed Penwell) with integrated CPU (codenamed Saltwell) and graphics (PowerVR SGX 540 based)
    Wireless network a wireless radio

    Clover Trail+ platform (2012)[edit]

    Intel's MID/smartphone platform (codenamed Clover Trail+) based on its Clover Trail tablet platform. It contains a 32 nm Intel Atom SoC (codenamedCloverview).

    AtomClover Trail+ platform
    Mobile processor a 32 nm Intel Atom SoC (codenamed Cloverview) with integrated CPU (codenamed Saltwell) and graphics (PowerVR SGX 545 based)
    Wireless network a wireless radio

    Merrifield platform (2013)[edit]

    Intel's fifth generation MID/smartphone platform (codenamed Merrifield ) contains a 22 nm Intel Atom SoC (codenamed Tangier).

    AtomMerrifield platform
    Mobile processor an Intel Atom SoC (codenamed Tangier) with integrated CPU (codenamed Silvermont) and graphics (Gen 7)
    Wireless network a wireless radio

    Moorefield platform (2014)[edit]

    Intel's sixth generation MID/smartphone platform (codenamed Moorefield) contains a 14 nm Intel Atom SoC (codenamed Anniedale).

    AtomMoorefield platform
    Mobile processor an Intel Atom SoC (codenamed Anniedale) with integrated CPU (codenamed Airmont) and graphics (Gen 8)
    Wireless network a wireless radio

    Morganfield platform[edit]

    Intel's seventh generation MID/smartphone platform (codenamed Morganfield) contains a 14 nm Intel Atom SoC (codenamed Broxton).

    AtomMorganfield platform
    Mobile processor an Intel Atom SoC (codenamed Broxton) with integrated CPU (codenamed Goldmont) and graphics (Gen 9)
    Wireless network a wireless radio

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tablet_computer#Intel_tablet_platforms

    Intel tablet platforms[edit]

    See also: Mobile Internet device#Intel MID platforms

    Oak Trail platform (2011)[edit]

    Intel's first generation tablet platform (codenamed Oak Trail ) contains a 45 nm Intel Atom processor (codenamed Lincroft) and a 65 nm Platform Controller Hub (codenamed Whitney Point). Since the memory controller and graphics controller are all now integrated into the processor, the northbridge has been removed and the processor communicates directly with the southbridge via the DMI bus interface.

    AtomOak Trail platform
    Mobile chipset a 65 nm Intel SM35 PCH (codenamed Whitney Point)
    Mobile processor a 45 nm Intel Atom processor (codenamed Lincroft) with integrated GMA 600 graphics (PowerVR SGX 535 based)
    Wireless network a wireless radio

    Clover Trail platform (2012)[edit]

    Intel's second generation table platform (codenamed Clover Trail) contains a 32 nm Intel Atom SoC (codenamed Cloverview).

    AtomClover Trail platform
    Mobile processor a 32 nm Intel Atom SoC (codenamed Cloverview) with integrated CPU (codenamed Saltwell) and graphics (PowerVR SGX 545 based)
    Wireless network a wireless radio

    Bay Trail platform (2013)[edit]

    Intel's third generation tablet platform (codenamed Bay Trail) contains a 22 nm Intel Atom SoC (codenamed Valleyview).

    AtomBay Trail platform
    Mobile processor an Intel Atom SoC (codenamed Valleyview) with integrated CPU (codenamed Silvermont) and graphics (Gen 7)
    Wireless network a wireless radio

    Cherry Trail platform (2014)[edit]

    Intel's fourth generation tablet platform (codenamed Cherry Trail) contains a 14 nm Intel Atom SoC (codenamed Cherryview).[70][71]

    AtomCherry Trail platform
    Mobile processor an Intel Atom SoC (codenamed Cherryview) with integrated CPU (codenamed Airmont) and graphics (Gen 8)
    Wireless network a wireless radio

    Willow Trail platform[edit]

    Intel's fifth generation tablet platform (codenamed Willow Trail) contains a 14 nm Intel Atom SoC (codenamed Broxton).

    AtomWillow Trail platform
    Mobile processor an Intel Atom SoC (codenamed Broxton) with integrated CPU (codenamed Goldmont) and graphics (Gen 9)
    Wireless network a wireless radio

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_Tick-Tock

    Atom Roadmap[16]
     Fabrication processMicroarchitectureRelease dateProcessors/SoCs
    MID, SmartphoneTabletNettop, netbookEmbeddedServerCE
      45 nm Bonnell 2008 Silverthorne N/A Diamondville Tunnel Creek N/A Sodaville
    2010 Lincroft Pineview Groveland
    32 nm 2011 Penwell Cedarview  ? Centerton Berryville
    2012 Cloverview
    22 nm Silvermont 2013 Tangier[17] Valleyview Unknown Rangeley Avoton Unknown
    Tick 14 nm[16] 2014 Anniedale[citation needed] Cherryview[18] Unknown Unknown Denverton Unknown
    Tock Goldmont[19][20] 2015 Broxton[21] Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown
     
     
    Intel CPU core roadmaps from NetBurst and P6 to Cannonlake
     
     

    Intel Atom is the brand name for a line of ultra-low-voltage IA-32 and Intel 64 (x86-64) CPUs (or microprocessors) fromIntel, originally designed in 45 nm CMOS with subsequent models, codenamed Cedar, using a 32 nm process.[2] Atom is mainly used in netbooks, nettops, embedded applications ranging from health care to advanced robotics, and mobile Internet devices (MIDs).

    Atom processors are based on the Bonnell microarchitecture.[3][4] On 21 December 2009, Intel announced the Pine Trailplatform, including new Atom processor code-named Pineview (Atom N450), with total kit power consumption down 20%.[5] On 28 December 2011, Intel updated the Atom line with the Cedar processors.[2]

    In December 2012, Intel launched the 64-bit Centerton family of Atom CPUs, designed specifically for use in servers.[6]Centerton adds features previously unavailable in Atom processors, such as Intel VT virtualization technology and support for ECC memory.[7] On 4 September 2013 Intel launched a 22 nm successor to Centerton, codenamed Avoton.[8]

    History[edit]

    Intel Atom is a direct successor of the Intel A100 and A110 low-power microprocessors (code-named Stealey), which were built on a 90 nm process, had 512 kB L2 cache and ran at 600 MHz/800 MHz with 3W TDP (Thermal Design Power). Prior to the Silverthorne announcement, outside sources had speculated that Atom would compete with AMD's Geode system-on-a-chipprocessors, used by the One Laptop per Child (OLPC) project, and other cost and power sensitive applications for x86processors. However, Intel revealed on 15 October 2007 that it was developing another new mobile processor, codenamed Diamondville, for OLPC-type devices.[9]

    "Atom" was the name under which Silverthorne would be sold, while the supporting chipset formerly code-named Menlow was called Centrino Atom.[10]

    At Spring Intel Developer Forum (IDF) 2008 in Shanghai, Intel officially announced that Silverthorne and Diamondville are based on the same microarchitecture. Silverthorne would be called the Atom Z5xx series and Diamondville would be called the Atom N2xx series. The more expensive lower-power Silverthorne parts will be used in Intel mobile Internet devices (MIDs) whereas Diamondville will be used in low-cost desktop and notebooks. Several Mini-ITX motherboard samples have also been revealed.[11] Intel and Lenovo also jointly announced an Atom powered MID called the IdeaPad U8.[12]

    In April 2008, a MID development kit was announced by Sophia Systems[13] and the first board called CoreExpress-ECO was revealed by a German company LiPPERT Embedded Computers, GmbH.[14] Intel offers Atom based motherboards.[15][16]

    In December 2012, Intel released Atom for servers, the S1200 series. The primary difference between these processors and all prior versions, is that ECC memory support has been added, enabling use of the Atom in mission-critical server environments that demand redundancy and memory failure protection.

    Intel Atom processor family[17]
    MID / Ultra-mobile PC / Lifestyle PC
    LogoCode-nameSeriesCoreOn-die GPUGPU speedTDPHTIntel 64Intel VT-xRelease date
    Intel Atom logo 2008 Silverthorne Atom Z5xx single (45 nm) No 200 MHz 0.65~2 W No No No April 2008
    2~2.4 W Yes No
    Intel Atom logo 2009 Lincroft Atom Z6xx single (45 nm) Yes 400 MHz 1.3~3 W Yes No No May 2010
    Classmate PC / Netbook / Nettop / Lifestyle PC
    LogoCode-nameSeriesCoreOn-die GPUGPU speedTDPHTIntel 64Intel VT-xRelease date
    Intel Atom logo 2008 Diamondville Atom N2xx single (45 nm) No n/a 2.5 W Yes No No June 2008
    Atom 2xx 4 W Yes
    (if enabled)
    Atom 3xx dual (45 nm) 8 W September 2008
    Intel Atom logo 2009 Pineview Atom N4xx single (45 nm) Yes 200 MHz 6.5 W Yes Yes
    (if enabled)    		 No January 2010
    Atom D4xx 400 MHz 10 W
    Atom N5xx dual (45 nm) 200 MHz 8.5 W
    Atom D5xx 400 MHz 13 W
    Cedarview Atom D2500 dual (32 nm) Yes 400 MHz 10 W No Yes
    (if enabled)    		 No November 2011
    Atom D2700 640 MHz Yes
    Atom N2600 400 MHz 3.5 W December 2011
    Atom N2800 640 MHz 6.5 W
    Server
    LogoCode-nameSeriesCoreOn-die GPUGPU speedTDPHTIntel 64Intel VT-xRelease date
    Intel Atom logo 2009 Centerton Atom S1220 dual (32 nm) Unknown 1.60 GHz 8.1 W Yes Yes Yes December 2012
    Atom S1240 1.60 GHz 6.1 W
    Atom S1260 2.00 GHz 8.6 W
    List of Intel Atom microprocessors

    Instruction set architecture[edit]

    32-bit and 64-bit hardware support[edit]

    All Atom processors implement the x86 (IA-32) instruction set; however, support for the Intel 64 instruction set was not added until the desktop Diamondvilleand desktop and mobile Pineview cores. The Atom N2xx and Z5xx series Atom models cannot run x86-64 code.[18] The Centerton server processors will support the Intel 64 instruction set.[7]

    Intel 64 software support[edit]

    Intel states the Atom supports 64-bit operation only "with a processor, chipset, BIOS" that all support Intel 64. Those Atom systems not supporting all of these cannot enable Intel 64.[19] As a result, the ability of an Atom-based system to run 64-bit versions of operating systems such as Ubuntu or Debian GNU/Linux may vary from one motherboard to another. Online retailer mini-itx.com has tested Atom-based motherboards made by Intel and Jetway, and while they were able to install 64-bit versions of Linux on Intel-branded motherboards with D2700 (Pineview) processors, Intel 64 support was not enabled on a Jetway-branded motherboard with a D2550 (Pineview) processor.[20]

    Even among Atom-based systems which have Intel 64 enabled, not all are able to run 64-bit versions of Microsoft Windows. For those Pineview processors which support 64-bit operation, Intel Download Center currently provides 64-bit Windows 7 and Windows Vista drivers for Intel GMA 3150 graphics, found in Pineviewprocessors.[21] However, no 64-bit Windows drivers are available for newer Atom Cedarview processors at this time.[22]

    The lack of 64-bit Windows support for Cedarview processors appears to be due to a driver issue. A member of the Intel Enthusiast Team has stated in a series of posts on enthusiast site Tom's Hardware that while the Atom D2700 (Pineview) was designed with Intel 64 support, due to a "limitation of the board" Intel had pulled their previously-available 64-bit drivers for Windows 7 and would not provide any further 64-bit support.[23] Some system manufacturers have similarly stated that their motherboards with Atom Cedarview processors lack 64-bit support due to a "lack of Intel® 64-bit VGA driver support".[24] Because all Cedarviewprocessors use the same Intel GMA 3600 or 3650 graphics as the D2700, this indicates that Atom Cedarview systems will remain unable to run 64-bit versions of Windows, even those which have Intel 64 enabled and are able to run 64-bit versions of Linux.

    Availability[edit]

    Atom processors became available to system manufacturers in 2008. Because they are soldered, like northbridges and southbridges, onto a mainboard, Atom processors are not available to home users or system builders as separate processors, although they may be obtained preinstalled on some ITX motherboards. The Diamondville and Pineview[25] Atom is used in the HP Mini Series, aigo MID Asus N10, Lenovo IdeaPad S10, Acer Aspire One & Packard Bell's "dot" (ZG5), recentASUS Eee PC systems, Sony VAIO M-series, AMtek Elego, Dell Inspiron Mini Series, Gigabyte M912, LG X Series, Samsung NC10, Sylvania g Netbook Meso, Toshiba NB series (100, 200, 205, 255, 300, 500, 505), MSI Wind PC netbooks, RedFox Wizbook 1020i, Sony Vaio X Series, Zenith Z-Book, a range of Aleutia desktops, Magic W3 and the Archos

    Performance[edit]

    The performance of a single core Atom is about half that of a Pentium M of the same clock rate. For example, the Atom N270 (1.60 GHz) found in many netbookssuch as the Eee PC can deliver around 3300 MIPS and 2.1 GFLOPS in standard benchmarks,[26] compared to 7400 MIPS and 3.9 GFLOPS for the similarly clocked (1.73 GHz) Pentium M 740.[27]

    The Pineview platform has proven to be only slightly faster than the previous Diamondville platform. This is because the Pineview platform uses the same Bonnell execution core as Diamondville and is connected to the memory controller via the FSB, hence memory latency and performance in CPU-intensive applications are minimally improved.[28]

    Bonnell microarchitecture[edit]

    Main article: Bonnell (microarchitecture)

    Intel Atom processors are based on the Bonnell microarchitecture,[3][4] which can execute up to two instructions per cycle. Like many other x86 microprocessors, it translates x86-instructions (CISC instructions) into simpler internal operations (sometimes referred to as micro-ops, i.e., effectively RISC style instructions) prior to execution. The majority of instructions produce one micro-op when translated, with around 4% of instructions used in typical programs producing multiple micro-ops. The number of instructions that produce more than one micro-op is significantly fewer than the P6 and NetBurst microarchitectures. In the Bonnell microarchitecture, internal micro-ops can contain both a memory load and a memory store in connection with an ALU operation, thus being more similar to the x86 level and more powerful than the micro-ops used in previous designs.[29] This enables relatively good performance with only two integer ALUs, and without any instruction reordering, speculative execution, or register renaming. The Bonnell microarchitecture therefore represents a partial revival of the principles used in earlier Intel designs such as P5 and the i486, with the sole purpose of enhancing the performance per watt ratio. However, Hyper-Threading is implemented in an easy (i.e., low power) way to employ the whole pipeline efficiently by avoiding the typical single thread dependencies.[29]

    Collaborations[edit]

    In March 2009, Intel announced that it would be collaborating with TSMC for the production of the Atom processors.[30] The deal was put on hold due to lack of demand in 2010.

    On 13 September 2011 Intel and Google held a joint announcement of a partnership to provide support in Google's Android operating system for Intel processors (beginning with the Atom). This would allow Intel to supply chips for the growing smartphone and tablet market.[31]

    Competition[edit]

    Embedded processors based on the ARM version 7 instruction set architecture (such as Nvidia's Tegra 3 series, TI's 4 series and Freescale's i.MX51 based on theCortex-A8 core, or the Qualcomm Snapdragon and Marvell Armada 500/600 based on custom ARMv7 implementations) offer similar performance to the low end Atom chipsets[dubious – discuss] but at roughly one quarter the power consumption, and (like most ARM systems) as a single integrated system on a chip, rather than a two chip solution like the current Atom line. Although the second-generation Atom codenamed "Pineview" should greatly increase its competitiveness in performance/watt, ARM plans to counter the threat with the multi-core capable Cortex-A9 core as used in Nvidia's Tegra 2/3, TI's OMAP 4 series, and Qualcomm's next-generation Snapdragon series, among others.

    The Nano and Nano Dual-Core series from VIA is slightly above the average thermal envelope of the Atom, but offers hardware AES support, random number generators, and out-of-order execution. Performance comparisons of the Intel Atom against the Via Nano indicate that a single core Intel Atom is outperformed by the Via Nano which is in turn outperformed by a dual core Intel Atom 330 in tests where the second core is used. The Core 2 Duo SU7300 outperforms the dual-core Nano.[32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39]

    The Xcore86 (also known as the PMX 1000) is x586 based System on Chip (SoC) that offers a below average thermal envelope compared to the Atom.

    Kenton Williston of EE Times said that while Atom will not displace ARM from its current markets, the ability to apply the PC architecture into smaller, cheaper and lower power form factors will open up new markets for Intel.[40]

    Planned Atom versions[edit]

    A 22 nm Atom chip, code name Silvermont, is planned for 2013 release.

    Intel has also released plans for Atom chips with 14 nm architecture. This chip, codenamed Airmont, is expected to be released in 2014.

    Each chip is expected to provide improved performance while consuming less electricity. The Airmont Atom is expected to consume only 15 watts or less.

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atom_(system_on_chip)

    In 2012, Intel expanded the Atom processor family with a new system on chip (SoC) platform designed for smartphones and tablets.[1] It is a continuation of the partnership announced by Intel and Google on 13 September 2011, to provide support for the Android operating system on Intel x86 processors.[2]

    Atom competes with existing SoCs developed for the smartphone and tablet market from companies like Texas instruments, Nvidia, Qualcomm and Samsung.[3] Unlike these companies, which use ARM-based CPUs designed from the beginning to consume very low power, Intel has adapted the x86 based Atom line CPU developed for low power usage in netbooks, to even lower power usage.

    In April 2012, several manufacturers have released Intel Atom-based phones.

    List of systems[edit]

    Model number (SOC codename, Platform codename)Semiconductor technologyCPU instruction setCPUCPU cacheGPUMemory technologyAvailabilityUtilizing devices
    Atom Z2460 (Penwell, platformMedfield)[4][5] 32 nm High-k/metal gate x86 1.6 GHz single-coreSaltwell withHT[6] L1: 32kB Instruction + 24kB Data, L2: 512kB PowerVR SGX 540 @ 400 MHz[6] 32-bit Dual-channel 400 MHz LPDDR2-800 (6.4 GB/sec)[6] Q2 2012

    Lenovo K800,[7] Orange San Diego /Lava XOLO X900[8] / MegaFon Mint,[9]ZTE Grand X IN,[10] Ramos W32 [11]XOLO x910 [12]
    Atom Z2480 (platformMedfield) 32 nm High-k/metal gate x86 2 GHz single-core Saltwellwith HT[6] L1: 32kB Instruction + 24kB Data, L2: 512kB PowerVR SGX 540 @ 400 MHz[6] 32-bit Dual-channel 400 MHz LPDDR2-800 (6.4 GB/sec)[6] 2012

    Motorola RAZR i, XOLO X1000,[13]Casper Via A6108 [14]
    Atom Z2420 (Lexington)[15] 32 nm High-k/metal gate x86 1.2 GHz single-coreSaltwell withHT L1: 32kB Instruction + 24kB Data, L2: 512kB PowerVR SGX 540 @ 400 MHz 32-bit Dual-channel 400 MHz LPDDR2-800 (6.4 GB/sec) January 25, 2013[16]

    Xolo X500,[17] Yolo,[18] Acer Liquid C1,[19] Asus FonePad,[20] Etisalat E-20,[21] Prestigio Multiphone 5430 [22]
    Atom Z2760 (Cloverview, platformClover Trail)[23][24] 32 nm High-k/metal gate x86 1.8 GHz dual-core Saltwellwith HT L1: 32kB Instruction + 24kB Data, L2: 512kB (per core) PowerVR SGX 545 @ 533 MHz[24][25] 32-bit Dual-channel 400 MHz LPDDR2-800 (6.4 GB/sec)[25] Q4 2012

    Asus VivoTab,[26] Asus VivoTab Smart,[27][28] HP Envy x2,[29][30] HP ElitePad 900,[31] Dell Latitude 10[32]Lenovo Thinkpad Tablet 2,[33] Lenovo IdeaTab Lynx[34] Samsung Series 5 Slate (Samsung ATIV Smart PC),[35][36][37] Acer Iconia W510[38]ZTE V98,[39] Acer Iconia W3,[40]Samsung ATIV Tab 3
    Atom Z2520 (Cloverview, platformClover Trail+)[41] 32 nm High-k/metal gate x86 1.2 GHz dual-core Saltwellwith HT L1: 32kB Instruction + 24kB Data, L2: 512kB (per core) PowerVR SGX 544 MP2 @ 300 MHz [41] 32-bit Dual-channel 533 MHz LPDDR2-1066 (8.5 GB/sec)[41] 2013  
    Atom Z2560 (Cloverview, platformClover Trail+)[41] 32 nm High-k/metal gate x86 1.6 GHz dual-core Saltwellwith HT L1: 32kB Instruction + 24kB Data, L2: 512kB (per core) PowerVR SGX 544 MP2 @ 400 MHz [41] 32-bit Dual-channel 533 MHz LPDDR2-1066 (8.5 GB/sec)[42] Q2 2013 Asus Memo Pad FHD 10,[43] Samsung Galaxy Tab 3 10.1-inch,[44] Dell Venue 7[45]
    Atom Z2580 (Cloverview, platformClover Trail+)[46] 32 nm High-k/metal gate x86 2 GHz dual-core Saltwellwith HT L1: 32kB Instruction + 24kB Data, L2: 512kB (per core) PowerVR SGX 544 MP2 @ 533 MHz [41] 32-bit Dual-channel 533 MHz LPDDR2-1066 (8.5 GB/sec)[47] Q2 2013

    ASUS FonePad Note FHD 6,[48] Lenovo K900,[49] ZTE Grand X2 In,[50] Asus Transformer Book Trio[51] ZTE V975 GEEK, Ramos i8, i9,[52] i10, i12, Teclast P89min,[53] Dell Venue 8[45]
    Atom Z3680 (Valleyview, platform Bay Trail)[54][55] 22 nm x86-64 1.33 GHz (2 GHz turbo) dual-coreSilvermont[56]   Intel Gen 7 (Ivy BridgeGPU architecture) @ 311-667 MHz 64-bit single-channel 533 MHz LPDDR3-1066 (8.5 GB/sec) Q3 2013  
    Atom Z3680D (Valleyview, platform Bay Trail)[55][57] 22 nm x86-64 1.33 GHz (2 GHz turbo) dual-coreSilvermont[58]   Intel Gen 7 (Ivy BridgeGPU architecture) @ 311-688 MHz 64-bit single-channel 666 MHz DDR3L-RS-1333 (10.6 GB/sec) Q3 2013  
    Atom Z3740D (Valleyview, platform Bay Trail)[55][59] 22 nm x86-64 1.33 GHz (1.9 GHz turbo) quad-coreSilvermont[60]   Intel Gen 7 (Ivy BridgeGPU architecture) @ 311-688 MHz 64-bit single-channel 666 MHz DDR3L-RS-1333 (10.6 GB/sec) Q3 2013 Dell Venue 8 Pro
    Atom Z3740 (Valleyview, platform Bay Trail)[55][61] 22 nm x86-64 1.33 GHz (1.9 GHz turbo) quad-coreSilvermont[62]   Intel Gen 7 (Ivy BridgeGPU architecture) @ 311-667 MHz 64-bit dual-channel 533 MHz LPDDR3-1066 (17.1 GB/sec) Q3 2013 ASUS T100, Acer Iconia W4, Toshiba Encore
    Atom Z3770D (Valleyview, platform Bay Trail)[55][63] 22 nm x86-64 1.5 GHz (2.4 GHz turbo) quad-coreSilvermont[64]   Intel Gen 7 (Ivy BridgeGPU architecture) @ 311-688 MHz 64-bit single-channel 666 MHz DDR3L-RS-1333 (10.6 GB/sec) Q3 2013  
    Atom Z3770 (Valleyview, platform Bay Trail)[55][65] 22 nm x86-64 1.5 GHz (2.4 GHz turbo) quad-coreSilvermont[66]   Intel Gen 7 (Ivy BridgeGPU architecture) @ 311-667 MHz 64-bit dual-channel 533 MHz LPDDR3-1066 (17.1 GB/sec) Q3 2013 Fujitsu Stylistic Q584, Dell Venue 11 Pro, [67] HP Omni 10, [68]
    Tangier, platformMerrifield 22 nm x86-64 dual-coreSilvermont   PowerVR 6 (Rogue GPU architecture)   Q4 2013  
    Cherryview, platformCherry Trail 14 nm x86-64 2.7 GHz,Airmont   Intel Gen 8 (Broadwell GPU architecture)   Q3 2014  
    Anniedale, platformMoorefield 14 nm x86-64 2.7 GHz,Airmont   Intel Gen 8 (Broadwell GPU architecture)   Q3 2014  
    Broxton, platformsMorganfieldand Willow Trail 14 nm x86-64 Goldmont   Intel Gen 9 (Skylake GPU architecture)   2015  

    Testing of Atom phones[edit]

    In April 2012, Lava Xolo X900 was released as the first Intel Medfield phone.[69] Industry reviews claim that Lava Xolo X900 proves that the statement "Intel can't make smartphones" is wrong, and that "Intel is going to power smartphones, and it’s going to be competitive in that space."[70]

    Operating system support on Cloverview[edit]

    While Penwell SoC supports, in addition to Microsoft Windows, both Linux and Android operating systems, Intel has announced that it won't provide support for Linux on Cloverview family of Atom systems-on-a-chip.[71][72] This announcement has caused strong negative reaction from open source proponents.[73] A few days later Intel issued a statement saying that it has “plans for another version of this platform directed at Linux/Android"[73][74] The initial Clover Trail platform only supported Microsoft Windows (z27x0 series). The Clover Trail+ platform was later released targeting Google Android (z25x0 series).[75]

    New power states on Cloverview[edit]

    See also: Processor states

    Z2760 Cloverview has introduced two new power states: S0i1 and S0i3.[76] The S0i1 state is intended to be used when the display is on but the user does not actively interact with the device; it consumes power in mW range, and can be entered/left in microseconds. The S0i3 state is intended to be used when the device display is off; it consumes power in microWatt range, and can be entered/left in milliseconds. As a result, Intel claims longer standby battery life (up to three weeks for a typical tablet).[76]

    Roadmap[edit]

    In May 2011, Intel announced an accelerated roadmap for Atom SoC. The 22 nm Silvermont microarchitecture was scheduled for 2013 release, and release of the14 nm Airmont microarchitecture was scheduled for 2014.[77]

    It has been reported that Silvermont-based Atom SoCs will be codenamed Tangier (Merrifield smartphones), Valleyview (Baytrail tablets),[78][79] will be available in single-, dual- and quad-core versions, and Valleyview will include Intel's 7th generation GPU, allowing for 4–7× improvement over existing Atom GPUs.[80][81]

    Other upcoming Silvermont-based Atom SoCs include Rangeley[82] and Avoton[83] (part of Edisonville platform).

    Airmont-based Atom platforms will be codenamed Moorefield (smartphones)[84] and Cherry Trail (tablets)[85][86] using the Anniedale and Cherryview[87] SoCs.

    Goldmont-based Atom platforms will be codenamed Morganfield (smartphones) and Willow Trail (tablets) using the Broxton SoC.[84]

    Similar SoCs[edit]

     

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonnell_(microarchitecture)

    Bonnell is a CPU microarchitecture used by Intel Atom processors which can execute up to two instructions per cycle.[1][2] Like many other x86 microprocessors, it translates x86 instructions (CISC instructions) into simpler internal operations (sometimes referred to as micro-ops, effectivelyRISC style instructions) prior to execution. The majority of instructions produce one micro-op when translated, with around 4% of instructions used in typical programs producing multiple micro-ops. The number of instructions that produce more than one micro-op is significantly fewer than the P6 and NetBurstmicroarchitectures. In the Bonnell microarchitecture, internal micro-ops can contain both a memory load and a memory store in connection with an ALUoperation, thus being more similar to the x86 level and more powerful than the micro-ops used in previous designs.[3] This enables relatively good performance with only two integer ALUs, and without any instruction reordering, speculative execution or register renaming. The Bonnell microarchitecture therefore represents a partial revival of the principles used in earlier Intel designs such as P5 and the i486, with the sole purpose of enhancing the performance per watt ratio. However, Hyper-Threading is implemented in an easy (i.e. low-power) way to employ the whole pipelineefficiently by avoiding the typical single thread dependencies.[3]

    First generation cores[edit]

    Silverthorne microprocessor[edit]

    On 2 March 2008, Intel announced a new single-core Atom Z5xx series processor (code-named Silverthorne), to be used in ultra-mobile PCs and mobile Internet devices (MIDs), which will supersede Stealey (A100 and A110). The processor has 47 million transistors on a 25 mm2 die, allowing for extremely economical production (~2500 chips on a single 300 mm diameter wafer).

    An Atom Z500 processor's dual-thread performance is equivalent to its predecessor Stealey, but should outperform it on applications that can use simultaneousmultithreading and SSE3.[4] They run from 0.8 to 2.0 GHz and have a TDP rating between 0.65 and 2.4 W that can dip down to 0.01 W when idle.[5] They feature 32 KB instruction L1 and 24 KB data L1 caches, 512 KB L2 cache and a 533 MT/s front-side bus. The processors are manufactured in 45 nm process.[6][7]

    Diamondville microprocessor[edit]

    The Intel Atom N270

    On 2 March 2008, Intel announced lower-power variants of the Diamondville CPU named Atom N2xx. It was intended for use in nettops and the Classmate PC.[8][9][10] Like their predecessors, these are single-core CPUs with Hyper-Threading.

    The N270 has a TDP rating of 2.5 W, runs at 1.6 GHz and has a 533 MHz FSB.[11] The N280 has a clock speed of 1.66 GHz and a 667 MHz FSB.[12]

    On 22 September 2008, Intel announced a new 64-bit dual-core processor (unofficially code-named Dual Diamondville) branded Atom 330, to be used in desktop computers. It runs at 1.6 GHz and has a FSB speed of 533 MHz and a TDP rating of 8 W. Its dual core consists of two Diamondville dies on a single substrate.[13]

    During 2009, Nvidia used the Atom 300 and their GeForce 9400M chipset on a mini-ITX form factor motherboard for their Ionplatform.

    First generation power requirements[edit]

    The relatively low power Atom CPU was originally used with a cheaper, not so electricity-efficient chipset such as the Intel 945G

    Although the Atom processor itself is relatively low-power for an x86 microprocessor, many chipsets commonly used with it dissipate significantly more power. For example, while the Atom N270 commonly used in netbooks through mid-2010 has a TDP rating of 2.5 W, an Intel Atom platform that uses the 945GSE Express chipset has a specified maximum TDP of 11.8 W, with the processor responsible for a relatively small portion of the total power dissipated. Individual figures are 2.5 W for the N270 processor, 6 W for the 945GSE chipset and 3.3 W for the 82801GBM I/O controller.[14][11][15][16] Intel also provides a US15WSystem Controller Hub-based chipset with a combined TDP of less than 5 W together with the Atom Z5xx (Silverthorne) series processors, to be used in ultra-mobile PCs and MIDs,[17] though some manufacturers have released ultra-thin systems running these processors (e.g. Sony VAIO X).

    Initially, all Atom motherboards on the consumer market featured the Intel 945GC chipset, which uses 22 watts by itself. As of early 2009, only a few manufacturers are offering lower-power motherboards with a 945GSE or US15W chipset and an Atom N270, N280 or Z5xx series CPU.

    Second generation cores[edit]

    Pineview microprocessor[edit]

    New Intel Atom N450 SLBMG 1.66GHz 512kB L2 BGA559

    On 21 December 2009, Intel announced the N450, D510 and D410 CPUs with integrated graphics.[18] The new manufacturing process resulted in a 20% reduction in power consumption and a 60% smaller die size.[19][20] The Intel GMA 3150, a 45 nm shrink of the GMA 3100 with no HD capabilities, is included as the on-die GPU. Netbooks using this new processor were released on 11 January 2010.[19][21] The major new feature is longer battery life (10 or more hours for 6-cell systems).[22][23]

    This generation of the Atom was codenamed Pineview, which is used in the Pine Trail platform. Intel's Pine Trail-M platform utilizes an Atom processor (codenamed Pineview-M) and Platform Controller Hub (codenamed Tiger Point). The graphics and memory controller have moved into the processor, which is paired with the Tiger Point PCH. This creates a more power-efficient 2-chip platform rather than the 3-chip one used with previous-generation Atom chipsets.[24]

    On 1 March 2010 Intel introduced the N470 processor,[25] running at 1.83 GHz with a 667 MHz FSB and a TDP rating of 6.5 W.[26]

    The new Atom N4xx chips became available on 11 January 2010.[27] It is used in netbook and nettop systems and includes an integrated single-channel DDR2 memory controller and an integrated graphics core. It also features Hyper-Threading and is manufactured on a 45 nm process.[28] The new design uses half the power of the older Menlow platform. This reduced overall power consumption and size makes the platform more desirable for use in smartphones and other mobile internet devices.

    The D4xx and D5xx series support the x86-64 bit instruction set and DDR2-800 memory. They are rated for embedded use. The series has an integrated graphics processor built directly into the CPU to help improve performance. The models are targeted at nettops and low-end desktops. They do not support SpeedStep.

    The Atom D510 dual-core processor runs at 1.66 GHz, with 1 MB of L2 cache and a TDP rating of 13 W.[29] The single-core Atom D410 runs at 1.66 GHz, with 512 KB of L2 cache and a TDP rating of 10 W.[30]

    Tunnel Creek microprocessor[edit]

    Tunnel Creek is an embedded Atom processor used in the Queens Bay platform with the Topcliff PCH.

    Lincroft microprocessor[edit]

    The Lincroft (Z6xx) with the Whitney Point PCH is included in the Oak Trail tablet platform. Oak Trail is an Intel Atom platform based on Moorestown. Both platforms include a Lincroft microprocessor, but use two distinct input/output Platform Controller Hubs (I/O-PCH), codenamed Langwell and Whitney Point respectively. Oak Trail was presented on 11 April 2011 and was to be released in May 2011.[dated info][31] The Z670 processor, part of the Oak Trail platform, delivers improved video playback, faster Internet browsing and longer battery life, "without sacrificing performance" according to Intel. Oak Trail includes support for 1080p video decoding as well as HDMI. The platform also has improved power efficiency and allows applications to run on various operating systems, including Android, MeeGo and Windows.

    Stellarton microprocessor[edit]

    Stellarton is a Tunnel Creek CPU with an Altera Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA).

    Sodaville SoC[edit]

    See also: Intel Consumer Electronics

    Sodaville is a consumer electronics Atom SoC.

    Groveland SoC[edit]

    See also: Intel Consumer Electronics

    Groveland is a consumer electronics Atom SoC.

    Third generation cores[edit]

    The 32 nm shrink of Bonnell is called Saltwell.

    Cedarview microprocessor[edit]

    Intel released their third-generation Cedar Trail platform (consisting of a range of Cedarview processors[32] and the NM10 southbridge chip) based on 32 nm process technology in the fourth quarter of 2011.[31] Intel stated that improvements in graphics capabilities, including support for 1080p video, additional display options including HDMI and DisplayPort, and enhancements in power consumption are to enable fanless designs with longer battery life.

    The Cedar Trail platform includes two new CPUs, 32 nm-based N2800 (1.86 GHz) and N2600 (1.6 GHz), which replace the previous generation Pineview N4xx and N5xx processors. The CPUs also feature an integrated GPU that supports DirectX 9.

    In addition to the netbook platform, two new Cedarview CPUs for nettops, D2700 and D3200, were released on 25 September 2011.[33]

    In early March 2012 the N2800-based Intel DN2800MT motherboard[34] started to become available. Due to the use of a netbook processor, this Mini-ITX motherboard can reach idle power consumption as low as 7.1 W.[35]

    Penwell SoC[edit]

    Penwell is an Atom SoC that is part of the Medfield MID/Smartphone platform.

    Berryville SoC[edit]

    See also: Intel Consumer Electronics

    Berryville is a consumer electronics Atom SoC.

    Cloverview SoC[edit]

    Cloverview is an Atom SoC that is part of the Clover Trail tablet platform.

    Centerton SoC[edit]

    In December 2012 Intel launched the 64-bit Centerton family of Atom CPUs, designed specifically for use in Bordenville platform servers.[36] Based on the 32 nm Saltwell architecture, Centerton adds features previously unavailable in most Atom processors, such as Intel VT virtualization technology, and support for ECC memory.[37]

    Briarwood SoC[edit]

    Briarwood is an Atom SoC that is designed for a server platform.

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silvermont

    Silvermont is a new low power SoC processor microarchitecture from Intel. Silvermont will form the basis for two consumer SoC families; Merrifield intended for smartphones and Bay Trail aimed at tablets, hybrid devices, netbooks,nettops, and embedded/automotive systems. As well as Avoton SoCs for micro-servers and storage devices; and Rangeley SoCs targeting network and communication infrastructure.[1]

    Silvermont was announced to the media on May 6, 2013 at Intel's headquarters at Santa Clara, California.[2][3] Intel has repeatedly said the first Bay Trail devices will be available during the Holiday 2013 timeframe, while leaked slides show the most recent release window for Bay Trail-T as August 28-September 13, 2013.[4] Both Avoton and Rangeley were announced as being available in the second half of 2013. The first Merrifield devices are expected in 1H14.[5]

    Design[edit]

    Silvermont will be the first Atom processor to feature an out-of-order architecture.[6]

    Technology[edit]

    See also: Intel HD Graphics

    List of Silvermont processors[edit]

    Desktop processors (Bay Trail-D)[edit]

    List of upcoming desktop processors as follows:

    Target
    segment    		Cores
    (Threads)    		Processor
    Branding & Model    		GPU ModelTDPCPU TurboGraphics Clock rateL3
    Cache    		Release
    Date    		Price
    (USD)
    1-coreNormalTurbo
    Value  4 (4) Pentium J2850 Intel HD Graphics
    (4 EU)    		 10W/ 2.4 GHz N/A 688 MHz 792 MHz 2 MB 3Q13 OEM
    Celeron J1850 10W/ 2.0 GHz $82
     2 (2) J1750 10W/ 2.4 GHz 750 MHz 1 MB OEM
     4 (4) J1900[9] 10W/ 2.0 GHz ?? 2 MB OEM

    Server Processors (Avoton)[edit]

    List of upcoming server processors as follows: [10]

    Target
    segment    		Cores
    (Threads)    		Processor
    Branding & Model    		GPU ModelTDPCPU TurboGraphics Clock rateL3
    Cache    		Release
    Date    		Price
    (USD)
    1-coreNormalTurbo
    Server  8 (8) Atom C2750 N/A 20W/ 2.4 GHz 2.6 GHz N/A N/A 4MB 3Q13 $171
    C2730 12W/ 1.7 GHz 2.0 GHz $150
     4 (4) C2550 14W/ 2.4 GHz 2.6 GHz 2MB OEM
    C2530 9W/ 1.7 GHz 2.0 GHz
     2 (2) C2350 6W/ 1.7 GHz 2.0 GHz 1MB

    Communications Processors (Rangeley)[edit]

    List of upcoming communications processors as follows: [11]

    Target
    segment    		Cores
    (Threads)    		Processor
    Branding & Model    		GPU ModelTDPCPU TurboGraphics Clock rateIntel
    QuickAssist    		L3
    Cache    		Release
    Date    		Price
    (USD)
    1-coreNormalTurbo
    Communications  8 (8) Atom C2758 N/A 20W/ 2.4 GHz N/A N/A N/A Yes 4MB 3Q13 $171
    C2738 20W/ 2.4 GHz No $171
    C2718 18W/ 2.0 GHz Yes $150
     4 (4) C2558 15W/ 2.4 GHz Yes 2MB $86
    C2538 15W/ 2.4 GHz No $86
    C2518 15W/ 1.7 GHz Yes $75
     2 (2) C2358 7W/ 1.7 GHz 2.0 GHz Yes 1MB $49
    C2358 7W/ 1.7 GHz 2.0 GHz No 1MB $49

    Embedded/automotive processors (Bay Trail-I)[edit]

    List of embedded processors as follows: [12]

    Target
    segment    		Cores
    (Threads)    		Processor
    Branding & Model    		GPU ModelTDPCPU TurboGraphics Clock rateL3
    Cache    		Release
    Date    		Price
    (USD)
    1-coreNormalTurbo
    Embedded  4 (4) Atom E3845 Intel HD Graphics
    (4 EU)    		 10W/ 1.91 GHz N/A 542 MHz 792 MHz 2MB 4Q13 $52
     2 (2) E3827 8W/ 1.75 GHz 1MB $41
    E3826 7W/ 1.46 GHz 533 MHz 677 MHz $37
    E3825 6W/ 1.33 GHz N/A $34
     1 (1) E3815 5W/ 1.46 GHz 400 MHz 512KB $31

    Mobile processors (Bay Trail-M)[edit]

    List of upcoming mobile processors as follows:

    Target
    segment    		Cores
    (Threads)    		Processor
    Branding & Model    		GPU ModelTDPCPU TurboGraphics Clock rateL3
    Cache    		Release
    Date    		Price
    (USD)
    1-coreNormalTurbo
    Value  4 (4) Pentium N3510 Intel HD Graphics
    (4 EU)    		 7.5W/ 2.0 GHz N/A 750 MHz N/A 2MB 3Q13 OEM
    Celeron N2920[13] 7.5W/ 1.6 GHz ? OEM
    N2910 7.5W/ 1.6 GHz 756 MHz $132
     2 (2) N2810 7.5W/ 2.0 GHz 1MB OEM
    N2805 4.5W/ 1.46 GHz 667 MHz

    Tablet processors (Bay Trail-T)[edit]

    List of upcoming tablet and hybrid processors as follows:

    Target
    segment    		Cores
    (Threads)    		Processor
    Branding & Model    		GPU ModelSDP[14]TDPMax CPU
    Turbo    		GraphicsClock rateL2
    Cache    		Memory
    Standard    		Max
    Memory Bandwidth    		Max
    Memory Supported    		Max Display ResolutionRelease
    Date    		Price
    (USD)
    NormalTurbo
    Value  4 (4) Atom Z3770 Intel HD Graphics (4 EU) 2W/ 1.46 GHz ? 2.39 GHz 311 MHz 667 MHz 2 MB LPDDR3 1067 Dual Channel 17.1 GB/s 4GB 2560×1600 September 11, 2013 $37.00
    Z3770D 2.2W/ 1.5 GHz 2.41 GHz 313 MHz 688 MHz DDR3L-RS 1333 Single Channel 10.6 GB/s 2GB 1920×1280
    Z3740 2W/ 1.33 GHz 1.86 GHz 311 MHz 667 MHz LPDDR3 1067 Dual Channel 17.1 GB/s 4GB 2560×1600 $32.00
    Z3740D 2.2W/ 1.33 GHz 313 MHz 688 MHz DDR3L-RS 1333 Single Channel 10.6 GB/s 2 GB 1920×1280
     2 (2) Z3680  ?/ 1.33 GHz 2.0 GHz 311 MHz 667 MHz 1 MB LPDDR3 1067 Single Channel 8.5 GB/s 1 GB 1280×800 ?
    Z3680D  ?/ 1.33 GHz 311 MHz 688 MHz DDR3L-RS 1333 Single Channel 10.6 GB/s 2 GB 1920×1280

    Smartphone processors (Merrifield)
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