1.系统管理09-磁盘管理综合测试题
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sde
欢迎使用 fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2)。
更改将停留在内存中，直到您决定将更改写入磁盘。
使用写入命令前请三思。
Device does not contain a recognized partition table
使用磁盘标识符 0xedfc6961 创建新的 DOS 磁盘标签。
命令(输入 m 获取帮助)：n
Partition type:
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
e extended
Select (default p): p
分区号 (1-4，默认 1)：
起始 扇区 (2048-41943039，默认为 2048)：
将使用默认值 2048
Last 扇区, +扇区 or +size{K,M,G} (2048-41943039，默认为 41943039)：
将使用默认值 41943039
分区 1 已设置为 Linux 类型，大小设为 20 GiB
命令(输入 m 获取帮助)：w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
正在同步磁盘。
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sdf
欢迎使用 fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2)。
更改将停留在内存中，直到您决定将更改写入磁盘。
使用写入命令前请三思。
Device does not contain a recognized partition table
使用磁盘标识符 0x79b09a7e 创建新的 DOS 磁盘标签。
命令(输入 m 获取帮助)：n
Partition type:
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
e extended
Select (default p):
Using default response p
分区号 (1-4，默认 1)：
起始 扇区 (2048-41943039，默认为 2048)：
将使用默认值 2048
Last 扇区, +扇区 or +size{K,M,G} (2048-41943039，默认为 41943039)：
将使用默认值 41943039
分区 1 已设置为 Linux 类型，大小设为 20 GiB
命令(输入 m 获取帮助)：w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
正在同步磁盘。
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sdg
欢迎使用 fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2)。
更改将停留在内存中，直到您决定将更改写入磁盘。
使用写入命令前请三思。
Device does not contain a recognized partition table
使用磁盘标识符 0x44c88f9e 创建新的 DOS 磁盘标签。
命令(输入 m 获取帮助)：n
Partition type:
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
e extended
Select (default p):
Using default response p
分区号 (1-4，默认 1)：
起始 扇区 (2048-41943039，默认为 2048)：
将使用默认值 2048
Last 扇区, +扇区 or +size{K,M,G} (2048-41943039，默认为 41943039)：
将使用默认值 41943039
分区 1 已设置为 Linux 类型，大小设为 20 GiB
命令(输入 m 获取帮助)：w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
正在同步磁盘。
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sdh
欢迎使用 fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2)。
更改将停留在内存中，直到您决定将更改写入磁盘。
使用写入命令前请三思。
Device does not contain a recognized partition table
使用磁盘标识符 0x78d13f59 创建新的 DOS 磁盘标签。
命令(输入 m 获取帮助)：
命令(输入 m 获取帮助)：n
Partition type:
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
e extended
Select (default p):
Using default response p
分区号 (1-4，默认 1)：
起始 扇区 (2048-41943039，默认为 2048)：
将使用默认值 2048
Last 扇区, +扇区 or +size{K,M,G} (2048-41943039，默认为 41943039)：
将使用默认值 41943039
分区 1 已设置为 Linux 类型，大小设为 20 GiB
命令(输入 m 获取帮助)：w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
正在同步磁盘。
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -C /dev/md6 -l 5 -n 3 /dev/sd[efg]1
mdadm: unreconised word on DEVICE line: ARRAY
mdadm: unreconised word on DEVICE line: metadata=1.2
mdadm: unreconised word on DEVICE line: name=localhost.localdomain:0
mdadm: unreconised word on DEVICE line: UUID=3443d6d1:96c46c1a:f79282a4:b7ead418
mdadm: unreconised word on DEVICE line: auto=yes
mdadm: unreconised word on DEVICE line: ARRAY
mdadm: unreconised word on DEVICE line: metadata=1.2
mdadm: unreconised word on DEVICE line: name=localhost.localdomain:1
mdadm: unreconised word on DEVICE line: UUID=34e7c431:7422320b:c39462be:1c97c408
mdadm: unreconised word on DEVICE line: auto=yes
mdadm: unreconised word on DEVICE line: ARRAY
mdadm: unreconised word on DEVICE line: metadata=1.2
mdadm: unreconised word on DEVICE line: name=localhost.localdomain:2
mdadm: unreconised word on DEVICE line: UUID=ecd7e648:cd6cb04e:90b34504:0d073f89
mdadm: unreconised word on DEVICE line: auto=yes
mdadm: Defaulting to version 1.2 metadata
mdadm: array /dev/md6 started.
[root@localhost ~]# pvcreate /dev/md6
Physical volume "/dev/md6" successfully created
[root@localhost ~]# vgcreate myvg /dev/md6
Volume group "myvg" successfully created
[root@localhost ~]# lvcreate -L 30G -n mylv myvg
Logical volume "mylv" created.
[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/myvg/mylv
log stripe unit (524288 bytes) is too large (maximum is 256KiB)
log stripe unit adjusted to 32KiB
meta-data=/dev/myvg/mylv isize=256 agcount=16, agsize=491392 blks
= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=0 finobt=0
data = bsize=4096 blocks=7862272, imaxpct=25
= sunit=128 swidth=256 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=0
log =internal log bsize=4096 blocks=3840, version=2
= sectsz=512 sunit=8 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/myvg/mylv /usr/local/httpd/htdocs
mount: 挂载点 /usr/local/httpd/htdocs 不存在
[root@localhost ~]# ls -R /usr/local
/usr/local/apache/htdocs:
index.html
[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/myvg/mylv /usr/local/apache/htdocs
[root@localhost ~]# echo "yaoyiyi" >> /usr/local/apache/htdocs
-bash: /usr/local/apache/htdocs: 是一个目录
[root@localhost ~]# echo "yaoyiyi" >> /usr/local/apache/htdocs/index.html
[root@localhost ~]# cat /usr/local/apache/htdocs/index.html
yaoyiyi
[root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl start
[root@localhost ~]# df -Th
文件系统 类型 容量 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点
/dev/mapper/centos-root xfs 38G 4.9G 33G 13% /
devtmpfs devtmpfs 985M 0 985M 0% /dev
tmpfs tmpfs 994M 84K 994M 1% /dev/shm
tmpfs tmpfs 994M 9.0M 985M 1% /run
tmpfs tmpfs 994M 0 994M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/md5 xfs 8.0G 33M 8.0G 1% /data
/dev/sda1 xfs 497M 107M 391M 22% /boot
/dev/sr0 iso9660 4.1G 4.1G 0 100% /run/media/root/CentOS 7 x86_64
/dev/md5 xfs 7.8G 36M 7.3G 1% /data10
/dev/mapper/myvg-mylv xfs 30G 33M 30G 1% /usr/local/apache/htdocs
[root@localhost ~]# umount /dev/myvg/mylv /usr/local/apache/htdocs
umount: /usr/local/apache/htdocs：未挂载
[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/myvg/mylv
mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
文件系统标签=
OS type: Linux
块大小=4096 (log=2)
分块大小=4096 (log=2)
Stride=128 blocks, Stripe width=256 blocks
1966080 inodes, 7864320 blocks
393216 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
第一个数据块=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=2155872256
240 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
4096000
Allocating group tables: 完成
正在写入inode表: 完成
Creating journal (32768 blocks): 完成
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: 完成
[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/myvg/mylv /usr/local/apache/htdocs
[root@localhost ~]# mount -o remount,usrquota,grpquota /usr/local/apache/htdocs/
[root@localhost ~]# mount |grep /apache
/dev/mapper/myvg-mylv on /usr/local/apache/htdocs type ext4 (rw,relatime,quota,usrquota,grpquota,stripe=256,data=ordered)
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/fstab
/dev/mapper/myvg-mylv on /usr/local/apache/htdocs ext4 defauls 0 0
[root@localhost ~]# quotacheck -avug
quotacheck: Your kernel probably supports journaled quota but you are not using it. Consider switching to journaled quota to avoid running quotacheck after an unclean shutdown.
quotacheck: Scanning /dev/mapper/myvg-mylv [/usr/local/apache/htdocs] done
quotacheck: Cannot stat old user quota file /usr/local/apache/htdocs/aquota.user: 没有那个文件或目录. Usage will not be subtracted.
quotacheck: Cannot stat old group quota file /usr/local/apache/htdocs/aquota.group: 没有那个文件或目录. Usage will not be subtracted.
quotacheck: Cannot stat old user quota file /usr/local/apache/htdocs/aquota.user: 没有那个文件或目录. Usage will not be subtracted.
quotacheck: Cannot stat old group quota file /usr/local/apache/htdocs/aquota.group: 没有那个文件或目录. Usage will not be subtracted.
quotacheck: Checked 2 directories and 1 files
quotacheck: Old file not found.
quotacheck: Old file not found.
[root@localhost ~]# quotaon -avug
/dev/mapper/myvg-mylv [/usr/local/apache/htdocs]: group quotas turned on
/dev/mapper/myvg-mylv [/usr/local/apache/htdocs]: user quotas turned on
[root@localhost ~]# useradd user1
[root@localhost ~]# edquota -u user1
Disk quotas for user user1 (uid 1002):
Filesystem blocks soft hard inodes soft hard
/dev/mapper/myvg-mylv 0 81920 102400 0 80 100
[root@localhost ~]# chmod -R 777 /usr
chmod: 更改"/usr/local/apache/htdocs/aquota.group" 的权限: 不允许的操作
chmod: 更改"/usr/local/apache/htdocs/aquota.user" 的权限: 不允许的操作
[root@localhost ~]# su - user1
上一次登录：一 8月 5 13:44:22 CST 2019pts/1 上
[user1@localhost ~]$ dd if=/dev/zero of=/usr/local/apache/htdocs/ceshi bs=1M count=90
dm-2: warning, user block quota exceeded.
记录了90+0 的读入
记录了90+0 的写出
94371840字节(94 MB)已复制，0.809267 秒，117 MB/秒
[user1@localhost ~]$ touch /usr/local/apache/htdocs/{1..90}.xls
dm-2: warning, user file quota exceeded.
2.配置软件RAID 5
加一个硬盘20G，分四个区，每个区4G
命令(输入 m 获取帮助)：p
磁盘 /dev/sdb：21.5 GB, 21474836480 字节，41943040 个扇区
Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
扇区大小(逻辑/物理)：512 字节 / 512 字节
I/O 大小(最小/最佳)：512 字节 / 512 字节
磁盘标签类型：dos
磁盘标识符：0x77fca4ccL
设备 Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 2048 8390655 4194304 83 Linux
/dev/sdb2 8390656 16779263 4194304 83 Linux
/dev/sdb3 16779264 25167871 4194304 83 Linux
/dev/sdb4 25167872 33556479 4194304 83 Linux
[root@localhost ~]# partprobe /dev/sdb
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -C /dev/md5 -l 5 -n 3 -x 1 /dev/sdb[1234] //创建RAID5
mdadm: Defaulting to version 1.2 metadata
mdadm: array /dev/md5 started.
[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/md5 //对创建的RAID5进行文件系统创建并挂载
log stripe unit (524288 bytes) is too large (maximum is 256KiB)
log stripe unit adjusted to 32KiB
meta-data=/dev/md5 isize=256 agcount=8, agsize=261760 blks
= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=0 finobt=0
data = bsize=4096 blocks=2094080, imaxpct=25
= sunit=128 swidth=256 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=0
log =internal log bsize=4096 blocks=2560, version=2
= sectsz=512 sunit=8 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /data
mkdir: 无法创建目录"/data": 文件已存在
[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/md5 /data
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -D /dev/md5 //查看磁盘陈列的信息
/dev/md5:
Version : 1.2
Creation Time : Sat Aug 3 14:45:59 2019
Raid Level : raid5
Array Size : 8380416 (7.99 GiB 8.58 GB)
Used Dev Size : 4190208 (4.00 GiB 4.29 GB)
Raid Devices : 3
Total Devices : 4
Persistence : Superblock is persistent
Update Time : Sat Aug 3 15:46:44 2019
State : clean
Active Devices : 3
Working Devices : 4
Failed Devices : 0
Spare Devices : 1
Layout : left-symmetric
Chunk Size : 512K
Name : localhost.localdomain:5 (local to host localhost.localdomain)
UUID : c6fb2f7e:840719ea:3eca8ffd:4f5859aa
Events : 18
Number Major Minor RaidDevice State
0 8 17 0 active sync /dev/sdb1
1 8 18 1 active sync /dev/sdb2
4 8 19 2 active sync /dev/sdb3
3 8 20 - spare /dev/sdb4
[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/mdstat /查看
Personalities : [raid6] [raid5] [raid4]
md5 : active raid5 sdb3[4] sdb4[3](S) sdb2[1] sdb1[0]
8380416 blocks super 1.2 level 5, 512k chunk, algorithm 2 [3/3] [UUU]
unused devices: <none>
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -D -s
ARRAY /dev/md5 metadata=1.2 spares=1 name=localhost.localdomain:5 UUID=c6fb2f7e:840719ea:3eca8ffd:4f5859aa
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -D -s> /etc/mdadm.conf
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/mdadm.conf
DEVICE /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdb2 /dev/sdb3 /dev/sdb4 ARRAY /dev/md5 metadata=1.2 spares=1 name=localhost.locald
omain:5 UUID=c6fb2f7e:840719ea:3eca8ffd:4f5859aa auto=yes
[root@localhost ~]# df -Th /data
文件系统 类型 容量 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点
/dev/md5 xfs 8.0G 33M 8.0G 1% /data
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/fstab
/dev/md5 /data xfs defaults 0 0
[root@localhost ~]# echo "raid test" > /data/test.txt
[root@localhost ~]# cat /data/test.txt
raid test
维护软RAID （模拟磁盘故障）
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -D /dev/md5
mdadm: unreconised word on DEVICE line: ARRAY
mdadm: unreconised word on DEVICE line: metadata=1.2
mdadm: unreconised word on DEVICE line: spares=1
mdadm: unreconised word on DEVICE line: name=localhost.localdomain:5
mdadm: unreconised word on DEVICE line: UUID=c6fb2f7e:840719ea:3eca8ffd:4f5859aa
mdadm: unreconised word on DEVICE line: auto=yes
/dev/md5:
Version : 1.2
Creation Time : Sat Aug 3 14:45:59 2019
Raid Level : raid5
Array Size : 8380416 (7.99 GiB 8.58 GB)
Used Dev Size : 4190208 (4.00 GiB 4.29 GB)
Raid Devices : 3
Total Devices : 4
Persistence : Superblock is persistent
Update Time : Sat Aug 3 16:05:17 2019
State : clean
Active Devices : 3
Working Devices : 4
Failed Devices : 0
Spare Devices : 1
Layout : left-symmetric
Chunk Size : 512K
Name : localhost.localdomain:5 (local to host localhost.localdomain)
UUID : c6fb2f7e:840719ea:3eca8ffd:4f5859aa
Events : 18
Number Major Minor RaidDevice State
0 8 17 0 active sync /dev/sdb1
1 8 18 1 active sync /dev/sdb2
4 8 19 2 active sync /dev/sdb3
3 8 20 - spare /dev/sdb4
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm /dev/md5 --fail /dev/sdb2
mdadm: unreconised word on DEVICE line: ARRAY
mdadm: unreconised word on DEVICE line: metadata=1.2
mdadm: unreconised word on DEVICE line: spares=1
mdadm: unreconised word on DEVICE line: name=localhost.localdomain:5
mdadm: unreconised word on DEVICE line: UUID=c6fb2f7e:840719ea:3eca8ffd:4f5859aa
mdadm: unreconised word on DEVICE line: auto=yes
mdadm: set /dev/sdb2 faulty in /dev/md5
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -D /dev/md5
mdadm: unreconised word on DEVICE line: ARRAY
mdadm: unreconised word on DEVICE line: metadata=1.2
mdadm: unreconised word on DEVICE line: spares=1
mdadm: unreconised word on DEVICE line: name=localhost.localdomain:5
mdadm: unreconised word on DEVICE line: UUID=c6fb2f7e:840719ea:3eca8ffd:4f5859aa
mdadm: unreconised word on DEVICE line: auto=yes
/dev/md5:
Version : 1.2
Creation Time : Sat Aug 3 14:45:59 2019
Raid Level : raid5
Array Size : 8380416 (7.99 GiB 8.58 GB)
Used Dev Size : 4190208 (4.00 GiB 4.29 GB)
Raid Devices : 3
Total Devices : 4
Persistence : Superblock is persistent
Update Time : Sat Aug 3 16:07:39 2019
State : clean, degraded, recovering
Active Devices : 2
Working Devices : 3
Failed Devices : 1
Spare Devices : 1
Layout : left-symmetric
Chunk Size : 512K
Rebuild Status : 44% complete
Name : localhost.localdomain:5 (local to host localhost.localdomain)
UUID : c6fb2f7e:840719ea:3eca8ffd:4f5859aa
Events : 27
Number Major Minor RaidDevice State
0 8 17 0 active sync /dev/sdb1
3 8 20 1 spare rebuilding /dev/sdb4
4 8 19 2 active sync /dev/sdb3
1 8 18 - faulty /dev/sdb2
[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid6] [raid5] [raid4]
md5 : active raid5 sdb3[4] sdb4[3] sdb2[1](F) sdb1[0]
8380416 blocks super 1.2 level 5, 512k chunk, algorithm 2 [3/3] [UUU]
unused devices: <none>
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -D /dev/md5
mdadm: unreconised word on DEVICE line: ARRAY
mdadm: unreconised word on DEVICE line: metadata=1.2
mdadm: unreconised word on DEVICE line: spares=1
mdadm: unreconised word on DEVICE line: name=localhost.localdomain:5
mdadm: unreconised word on DEVICE line: UUID=c6fb2f7e:840719ea:3eca8ffd:4f5859aa
mdadm: unreconised word on DEVICE line: auto=yes
/dev/md5:
Version : 1.2
Creation Time : Sat Aug 3 14:45:59 2019
Raid Level : raid5
Array Size : 8380416 (7.99 GiB 8.58 GB)
Used Dev Size : 4190208 (4.00 GiB 4.29 GB)
Raid Devices : 3
Total Devices : 4
Persistence : Superblock is persistent
Update Time : Sat Aug 3 16:08:25 2019
State : clean
Active Devices : 3
Working Devices : 3
Failed Devices : 1
Spare Devices : 0
Layout : left-symmetric
Chunk Size : 512K
Name : localhost.localdomain:5 (local to host localhost.localdomain)
UUID : c6fb2f7e:840719ea:3eca8ffd:4f5859aa
Events : 37
Number Major Minor RaidDevice State
0 8 17 0 active sync /dev/sdb1
3 8 20 1 active sync /dev/sdb4
4 8 19 2 active sync /dev/sdb3
1 8 18 - faulty /dev/sdb2
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm /dev/md5 -r /dev/sdb2
mdadm: unreconised word on DEVICE line: ARRAY
mdadm: unreconised word on DEVICE line: metadata=1.2
mdadm: unreconised word on DEVICE line: spares=1
mdadm: unreconised word on DEVICE line: name=localhost.localdomain:5
mdadm: unreconised word on DEVICE line: UUID=c6fb2f7e:840719ea:3eca8ffd:4f5859aa
mdadm: unreconised word on DEVICE line: auto=yes
mdadm: hot removed /dev/sdb2 from /dev/md5
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -D /dev/md5
mdadm: unreconised word on DEVICE line: ARRAY
mdadm: unreconised word on DEVICE line: metadata=1.2
mdadm: unreconised word on DEVICE line: spares=1
mdadm: unreconised word on DEVICE line: name=localhost.localdomain:5
mdadm: unreconised word on DEVICE line: UUID=c6fb2f7e:840719ea:3eca8ffd:4f5859aa
mdadm: unreconised word on DEVICE line: auto=yes
/dev/md5:
Version : 1.2
Creation Time : Sat Aug 3 14:45:59 2019
Raid Level : raid5
Array Size : 8380416 (7.99 GiB 8.58 GB)
Used Dev Size : 4190208 (4.00 GiB 4.29 GB)
Raid Devices : 3
Total Devices : 3
Persistence : Superblock is persistent
Update Time : Sat Aug 3 16:17:11 2019
State : clean
Active Devices : 3
Working Devices : 3
Failed Devices : 0
Spare Devices : 0
Layout : left-symmetric
Chunk Size : 512K
Name : localhost.localdomain:5 (local to host localhost.localdomain)
UUID : c6fb2f7e:840719ea:3eca8ffd:4f5859aa
Events : 38
Number Major Minor RaidDevice State
0 8 17 0 active sync /dev/sdb1
3 8 20 1 active sync /dev/sdb4
4 8 19 2 active sync /dev/sdb3
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm /dev/md5 -a /dev/sdb2
mdadm: unreconised word on DEVICE line: ARRAY
mdadm: unreconised word on DEVICE line: metadata=1.2
mdadm: unreconised word on DEVICE line: spares=1
mdadm: unreconised word on DEVICE line: name=localhost.localdomain:5
mdadm: unreconised word on DEVICE line: UUID=c6fb2f7e:840719ea:3eca8ffd:4f5859aa
mdadm: unreconised word on DEVICE line: auto=yes
mdadm: added /dev/sdb2
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -D /dev/md5
mdadm: unreconised word on DEVICE line: ARRAY
mdadm: unreconised word on DEVICE line: metadata=1.2
mdadm: unreconised word on DEVICE line: spares=1
mdadm: unreconised word on DEVICE line: name=localhost.localdomain:5
mdadm: unreconised word on DEVICE line: UUID=c6fb2f7e:840719ea:3eca8ffd:4f5859aa
mdadm: unreconised word on DEVICE line: auto=yes
/dev/md5:
Version : 1.2
Creation Time : Sat Aug 3 14:45:59 2019
Raid Level : raid5
Array Size : 8380416 (7.99 GiB 8.58 GB)
Used Dev Size : 4190208 (4.00 GiB 4.29 GB)
Raid Devices : 3
Total Devices : 4
Persistence : Superblock is persistent
Update Time : Sat Aug 3 16:17:44 2019
State : clean
Active Devices : 3
Working Devices : 4
Failed Devices : 0
Spare Devices : 1
Layout : left-symmetric
Chunk Size : 512K
Name : localhost.localdomain:5 (local to host localhost.localdomain)
UUID : c6fb2f7e:840719ea:3eca8ffd:4f5859aa
Events : 39
Number Major Minor RaidDevice State
0 8 17 0 active sync /dev/sdb1
3 8 20 1 active sync /dev/sdb4
4 8 19 2 active sync /dev/sdb3
5 8 18 - spare /dev/sdb2
[root@localhost ~]# cat /data/test.txt /挂载包里面的文件都是正常的
raid test
3.配置RAID 10
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sdc
欢迎使用 fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2)。
更改将停留在内存中，直到您决定将更改写入磁盘。
使用写入命令前请三思。
Device does not contain a recognized partition table
使用磁盘标识符 0x01f8d8ce 创建新的 DOS 磁盘标签。
命令(输入 m 获取帮助)：n
Partition type:
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
e extended
Select (default p):
Using default response p
分区号 (1-4，默认 1)：
起始 扇区 (2048-41943039，默认为 2048)：
将使用默认值 2048
Last 扇区, +扇区 or +size{K,M,G} (2048-41943039，默认为 41943039)：+4G
分区 1 已设置为 Linux 类型，大小设为 4 GiB
命令(输入 m 获取帮助)：n
Partition type:
p primary (1 primary, 0 extended, 3 free)
e extended
Select (default p):
Using default response p
分区号 (2-4，默认 2)：
起始 扇区 (8390656-41943039，默认为 8390656)：
将使用默认值 8390656
Last 扇区, +扇区 or +size{K,M,G} (8390656-41943039，默认为 41943039)：+4G
分区 2 已设置为 Linux 类型，大小设为 4 GiB
命令(输入 m 获取帮助)：n
Partition type:
p primary (2 primary, 0 extended, 2 free)
e extended
Select (default p):
Using default response p
分区号 (3,4，默认 3)：
起始 扇区 (16779264-41943039，默认为 16779264)：
将使用默认值 16779264
Last 扇区, +扇区 or +size{K,M,G} (16779264-41943039，默认为 41943039)：+4G
分区 3 已设置为 Linux 类型，大小设为 4 GiB
命令(输入 m 获取帮助)：n
Partition type:
p primary (3 primary, 0 extended, 1 free)
e extended
Select (default e): p
已选择分区 4
起始 扇区 (25167872-41943039，默认为 25167872)：
将使用默认值 25167872
Last 扇区, +扇区 or +size{K,M,G} (25167872-41943039，默认为 41943039)：+4G
分区 4 已设置为 Linux 类型，大小设为 4 GiB
命令(输入 m 获取帮助)：p
磁盘 /dev/sdc：21.5 GB, 21474836480 字节，41943040 个扇区
Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
扇区大小(逻辑/物理)：512 字节 / 512 字节
I/O 大小(最小/最佳)：512 字节 / 512 字节
磁盘标签类型：dos
磁盘标识符：0x01f8d8ce
设备 Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdc1 2048 8390655 4194304 83 Linux
/dev/sdc2 8390656 16779263 4194304 83 Linux
/dev/sdc3 16779264 25167871 4194304 83 Linux
/dev/sdc4 25167872 33556479 4194304 83 Linux
命令(输入 m 获取帮助)：w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
正在同步磁盘。
[root@localhost ~]# partprobe /dev/sdb
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -C /dev/md0 -l 1 -n 2 -x 0 /dev/sdd[12]
mdadm: unreconised word on DEVICE line: ARRAY
mdadm: unreconised word on DEVICE line: metadata=1.2
mdadm: unreconised word on DEVICE line: spares=1
mdadm: unreconised word on DEVICE line: name=localhost.localdomain:5
mdadm: unreconised word on DEVICE line: UUID=c6fb2f7e:840719ea:3eca8ffd:4f5859aa
mdadm: unreconised word on DEVICE line: auto=yes
mdadm: Note: this array has metadata at the start and
may not be suitable as a boot device. If you plan to
store '/boot' on this device please ensure that
your boot-loader understands md/v1.x metadata, or use
--metadata=0.90
Continue creating array? yes
mdadm: Defaulting to version 1.2 metadata
mdadm: array /dev/md0 started.
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -C /dev/md1 -l 1 -n 2 -x 0 /dev/sdd[34]
mdadm: unreconised word on DEVICE line: ARRAY
mdadm: unreconised word on DEVICE line: metadata=1.2
mdadm: unreconised word on DEVICE line: spares=1
mdadm: unreconised word on DEVICE line: name=localhost.localdomain:5
mdadm: unreconised word on DEVICE line: UUID=c6fb2f7e:840719ea:3eca8ffd:4f5859aa
mdadm: unreconised word on DEVICE line: auto=yes
mdadm: Note: this array has metadata at the start and
may not be suitable as a boot device. If you plan to
store '/boot' on this device please ensure that
your boot-loader understands md/v1.x metadata, or use
--metadata=0.90
Continue creating array? yes
mdadm: Defaulting to version 1.2 metadata
mdadm: array /dev/md1 started.
[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [raid10] [raid1]
md1 : active raid1 sdd4[1] sdd3[0]
4190208 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU]
[==========>..........] resync = 51.1% (2145408/4190208) finish=0.2min speed=112916K/sec
md0 : active raid1 sdd2[1] sdd1[0]
4190208 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU]
md10 : active raid10 sdc4[3] sdc3[2] sdc2[1] sdc1[0]
8380416 blocks super 1.2 512K chunks 2 near-copies [4/4] [UUUU]
md5 : active raid5 sdb4[3] sdb2[5](S) sdb3[4] sdb1[0]
8380416 blocks super 1.2 level 5, 512k chunk, algorithm 2 [3/3] [UUU]
unused devices: <none>
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -D /dev/md0
mdadm: unreconised word on DEVICE line: ARRAY
mdadm: unreconised word on DEVICE line: metadata=1.2
mdadm: unreconised word on DEVICE line: spares=1
mdadm: unreconised word on DEVICE line: name=localhost.localdomain:5
mdadm: unreconised word on DEVICE line: UUID=c6fb2f7e:840719ea:3eca8ffd:4f5859aa
mdadm: unreconised word on DEVICE line: auto=yes
/dev/md0:
Version : 1.2
Creation Time : Mon Aug 5 10:01:00 2019
Raid Level : raid1
Array Size : 4190208 (4.00 GiB 4.29 GB)
Used Dev Size : 4190208 (4.00 GiB 4.29 GB)
Raid Devices : 2
Total Devices : 2
Persistence : Superblock is persistent
Update Time : Mon Aug 5 10:01:39 2019
State : clean
Active Devices : 2
Working Devices : 2
Failed Devices : 0
Spare Devices : 0
Name : localhost.localdomain:0 (local to host localhost.localdomain)
UUID : 3443d6d1:96c46c1a:f79282a4:b7ead418
Events : 17
Number Major Minor RaidDevice State
0 8 49 0 active sync /dev/sdd1
1 8 50 1 active sync /dev/sdd2
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -D /dev/md1
mdadm: unreconised word on DEVICE line: ARRAY
mdadm: unreconised word on DEVICE line: metadata=1.2
mdadm: unreconised word on DEVICE line: spares=1
mdadm: unreconised word on DEVICE line: name=localhost.localdomain:5
mdadm: unreconised word on DEVICE line: UUID=c6fb2f7e:840719ea:3eca8ffd:4f5859aa
mdadm: unreconised word on DEVICE line: auto=yes
/dev/md1:
Version : 1.2
Creation Time : Mon Aug 5 10:02:15 2019
Raid Level : raid1
Array Size : 4190208 (4.00 GiB 4.29 GB)
Used Dev Size : 4190208 (4.00 GiB 4.29 GB)
Raid Devices : 2
Total Devices : 2
Persistence : Superblock is persistent
Update Time : Mon Aug 5 10:02:52 2019
State : clean
Active Devices : 2
Working Devices : 2
Failed Devices : 0
Spare Devices : 0
Name : localhost.localdomain:1 (local to host localhost.localdomain)
UUID : 34e7c431:7422320b:c39462be:1c97c408
Events : 17
Number Major Minor RaidDevice State
0 8 51 0 active sync /dev/sdd3
1 8 52 1 active sync /dev/sdd4
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -C /dev/md2 -l 0 -n 2 /dev/md{0,1}
mdadm: unreconised word on DEVICE line: ARRAY
mdadm: unreconised word on DEVICE line: metadata=1.2
mdadm: unreconised word on DEVICE line: spares=1
mdadm: unreconised word on DEVICE line: name=localhost.localdomain:5
mdadm: unreconised word on DEVICE line: UUID=c6fb2f7e:840719ea:3eca8ffd:4f5859aa
mdadm: unreconised word on DEVICE line: auto=yes
mdadm: Defaulting to version 1.2 metadata
mdadm: array /dev/md2 started.
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -Ds /dev/md0 > /etc/mdadm.conf
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -Ds /dev/md1 >> /etc/mdadm.conf
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -Ds /dev/md2 >> /etc/mdadm.conf
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/mdadm.conf
ARRAY /dev/md0 metadata=1.2 name=localhost.localdomain:0 UUID=3443d6d1:96c46c1a:f79282a4:b7ead418
ARRAY /dev/md1 metadata=1.2 name=localhost.localdomain:1 UUID=34e7c431:7422320b:c39462be:1c97c408
ARRAY /dev/md2 metadata=1.2 name=localhost.localdomain:2 UUID=ecd7e648:cd6cb04e:90b34504:0d073f89
[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/md2
mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
文件系统标签=
OS type: Linux
块大小=4096 (log=2)
分块大小=4096 (log=2)
Stride=128 blocks, Stripe width=256 blocks
524288 inodes, 2094080 blocks
104704 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
第一个数据块=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=2145386496
64 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632
Allocating group tables: 完成
正在写入inode表: 完成
Creating journal (32768 blocks): 完成
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: 完成
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /data10
[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/md2 /data10
[root@localhost ~]# df -h
文件系统 容量 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点
/dev/mapper/centos-root 38G 4.9G 33G 13% /
devtmpfs 985M 0 985M 0% /dev
tmpfs 994M 84K 994M 1% /dev/shm
tmpfs 994M 9.0M 985M 1% /run
tmpfs 994M 0 994M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/md5 8.0G 33M 8.0G 1% /data
/dev/sda1 497M 107M 391M 22% /boot
/dev/sr0 4.1G 4.1G 0 100% /run/media/root/CentOS 7 x86_64
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk /dev/sdd
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sdd 8:48 0 20G 0 disk
├─sdd1 8:49 0 4G 0 part
│ └─md0 9:0 0 4G 0 raid1
│ └─md2 9:2 0 8G 0 raid0
├─sdd2 8:50 0 4G 0 part
│ └─md0 9:0 0 4G 0 raid1
│ └─md2 9:2 0 8G 0 raid0
├─sdd3 8:51 0 4G 0 part
│ └─md1 9:1 0 4G 0 raid1
│ └─md2 9:2 0 8G 0 raid0
└─sdd4 8:52 0 4G 0 part
└─md1 9:1 0 4G 0 raid1
└─md2 9:2 0 8G 0 raid0
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm --detail /dev/md2
/dev/md2:
Version : 1.2
Creation Time : Mon Aug 5 10:05:47 2019
Raid Level : raid0
Array Size : 8376320 (7.99 GiB 8.58 GB)
Raid Devices : 2
Total Devices : 2
Persistence : Superblock is persistent
Update Time : Mon Aug 5 10:05:47 2019
State : clean
Active Devices : 2
Working Devices : 2
Failed Devices : 0
Spare Devices : 0
Chunk Size : 512K
Name : localhost.localdomain:2 (local to host localhost.localdomain)
UUID : ecd7e648:cd6cb04e:90b34504:0d073f89
Events : 0
Number Major Minor RaidDevice State
0 9 0 0 active sync /dev/md0
1 9 1 1 active sync /dev/md1
[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/mdadm.conf
DEVICE /dev/sd1 /dev/sdb2 /dev/sdb3 /dev/sdb4 ARRAY /dev/md0 metadata=1.2 name=localhost.localdomain:0 U
UID=3443d6d1:96c46c1a:f79282a4:b7ead418
DEVICE /dev/sdd1 /dev/sdd2 ARRAY /dev/md0 metadata=1.2 name=localhost.localdomain:0 UUID=3443d6d1:96c46c1a:f79282a4:b7ead418 auto=yes
DEVICE /dev/sdd3 /dev/sdd4 ARRAY /dev/md1 metadata=1.2 name=localhost.localdomain:1 UUID=34e7c431:7422320b:c39462be:1c97c408 auto=yes
DEVICE /dev/sdd1 /dev/sdd2 /dev/sdd3 /dev/sdd4 ARRAY /dev/md2 metadata=1.2 name=localhost.localdomain:2 UUID=ecd7e648:cd6cb04e:90b34504:0d073f89 auto=yes
~
~
"/etc/mdadm.conf" 3L, 425C written
[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/fstab
#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Sat Aug 3 09:18:03 2019
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
/dev/mapper/centos-root / xfs defaults 0 0
UUID=06eeb661-cf76-46a8-ad98-07ff0fb8edb7 /boot xfs defaults 0 0
/dev/mapper/centos-swap swap swap defaults 0 0
/dev/md5 /data xfs defaults 0 0
/dev/md2 /data10 ext4 defauls 0 0
~
~
~
"/etc/fstab" 13L, 619C written
[root@localhost ~]# ls /media
[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/md5 /data10
mount: /dev/md5 已经挂载或 /data10 忙
/dev/md5 已经挂载到 /data 上
/dev/md5 已经挂载到 /data10 上
[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/md2 /data10
[root@localhost ~]# ls /media
[root@localhost ~]# df -h
文件系统 容量 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点
/dev/mapper/centos-root 38G 4.9G 33G 13% /
devtmpfs 985M 0 985M 0% /dev
tmpfs 994M 84K 994M 1% /dev/shm
tmpfs 994M 9.0M 985M 1% /run
tmpfs 994M 0 994M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/md5 8.0G 33M 8.0G 1% /data
/dev/sda1 497M 107M 391M 22% /boot
/dev/sr0 4.1G 4.1G 0 100% /run/media/root/CentOS 7 x86_64
/dev/md5 7.8G 36M 7.3G 1% /data10