1.群聊
- web - socket--基于TCP/UDP
- http - 无状态的短链接
- 长连接:客户端和服务器保持永久性的链接,除非有一方主动断开,
- 轮询:客户端和服务端不断连接,然后断开,请求响应;不能保证数据的实时性.
- 长轮询:长轮询:客户端发起请求至server,服务端不响应,服务端一直等待,链接一直建立,等待http链接自动超时(默认15s),主动断开链接
1.1 服务端
# 安装模块 gevent-websocket,基于websocket 长连接实现群聊
from flask import Flask, request, render_template
from geventwebsocket.handler import WebSocketHandler # 请求处理WSGI HTTP
from geventwebsocket.server import WSGIServer # 替换Flask原来的wsgi服务
from geventwebsocket.websocket import WebSocket # 语法提示
app = Flask(__name__)
socket_lsit = [] # 建立连接的用户存在列表中
@app.route('/ws') # 不再需要methods
def my_ws():
# print(request.environ) # 输出原始请求信息
ws_socket = request.environ.get('wsgi.websocket') # type:WebSocket #语法提示 #获取连接
socket_lsit.append(ws_socket) # 获取到的连接保存到列表中
print(len(socket_lsit)) # 查看连接数
while True:
msg = ws_socket.receive() # 基于长连接socket 接收用户传递的数据
print(msg) # 查看数据
for usocket in socket_lsit: # 群聊遍历所有用户
if usocket == ws_socket: # 如果地址等于发送消息的客户端地址,不用自己发给自己
continue
try: # 处理异常
usocket.send(msg) # 将消息发送给所有有效连接
except:
continue
@app.route('/wechat') # 客户端访问地址
def wechat():
return render_template('ws_we.html')
if __name__ == '__main__':
# app.run()
http_serv = WSGIServer(('0.0.0.0', 9527),
app,
handler_class=WebSocketHandler #websocket替换http
)
http_serv.serve_forever()
1.2 客户端(html文件)
- 状态码status:
- 1 当前连接处于可用状态
- 3 由服务器主动发起断开
- 0 正在建立连接或连接建立失败
- 2 客户端主动发起断开
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="x-ua-compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<input type="text" id="content"><button onclick="send_msg()">发送消息</button>
<div id="content_list">
</div>
</body>
<script type="application/javascript">
var ws = new WebSocket("ws://192.168.12.10:9527/ws");
ws.onmessage = function (messageEvent) {
console.log(messageEvent.data);
var my_div = document.getElementById("content_list");
var ptag = document.createElement("p");
ptag.innerText = messageEvent.data;
my_div.appendChild(ptag);
};
function send_msg() {
var msg = document.getElementById("content").value;
ws.send(msg);
}
</script>
</html>
2.单聊
2.1服务端
# 基于websocket 实现群聊
import json
from flask import Flask, request, render_template
from geventwebsocket.handler import WebSocketHandler # 请求处理WSGI HTTP
from geventwebsocket.server import WSGIServer # 替换Flask原来的wsgi服务
from geventwebsocket.websocket import WebSocket # 语法提示
app = Flask(__name__)
# socket_dict = {'xiaobangzhu':'abc','shangjia':'adcd'} #
socket_dict = {} # 字段存储登录人员信息{用户的唯一标识:websocket连接}
@app.route('/ws/<username>') # 不再需要methods
def my_ws(username):
# print(request.environ) # 输出原始请求信息
ws_socket = request.environ.get('wsgi.websocket') # type:WebSocket #语法提示 #获取连接
print(ws_socket, username)
socket_dict[username] = ws_socket # 获取到的连接保存到列表中
print(len(socket_dict), socket_dict) # 查看连接数
while True:
msg = ws_socket.receive() # 基于长连接socket 接收用户传递的数据
msg_dict = json.loads(msg) # msg_dict={receiver: receiver,sender: sender,data: msg,}
receiver = msg_dict.get('receiver') # 获取接收者的username
receiver_socket = socket_dict.get(receiver) # 根据receiver的username获取接收者的websocket地址
receiver_socket.send(msg) # 发送接收者的消息
@app.route('/wechat')
def wechat():
return render_template('ws_one.html') #
if __name__ == '__main__':
# app.run()
http_serv = WSGIServer(('0.0.0.0', 9527), app, handler_class=WebSocketHandler)
http_serv.serve_forever()
2.2客户端(html文件)
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
</head>
基于JavaScript 实现Websocket客户端
<body>
<p>你的昵称<input type="text" id="username">
<button onclick="login()">登录聊天室</button>
</p>
<p>给<input type="text" id="receiver">发送</p>
<input type="text" id="content">
<button onclick="send_msg()">发送消息</button>
<div id="content_list" style=" 300px">
</div>
<script type="application/javascript">
var ws = null; //ws的路由地址
function send_msg() {
var msg = document.getElementById('content').value; //获取要发送的消息
var receiver = document.getElementById('receiver').value; //获取接收者的username
var sender = document.getElementById('username').value; //获取发送者的username
var send_str = { // 封装数据结构和要发送信息
receiver: receiver,
sender: sender,
data: msg,
};
ws.send(JSON.stringify(send_str));
// 显示我的信息
var my_div = document.getElementById('content_list');
var ptag = document.createElement('p');
ptag.innerText = msg + " : " + '我';
ptag.style.cssText = 'text-align:right';
my_div.appendChild(ptag);
}
//接收消息
function login() {
var username = document.getElementById('username').value;
ws = new WebSocket('ws://192.168.12.10:9527/ws/' + username);
ws.onmessage = function (messageEvent) {
//ws.onmessage 当ws客户端收到消息时执行回调函数
//ws.onopen 当ws客户端建立完成连接时,status==1 时,执行的回调函数
//ws.onclose 当ws客户端关闭中,或者关闭时,执行的回调函数status==2,3
//ws.onerror 当ws客户端出现错误时,执行回调函数.
console.log(messageEvent.data);
var obj = JSON.parse(messageEvent.data);
var my_div = document.getElementById('content_list');
var ptag = document.createElement('p');
ptag.innerText = obj.sender + " : " + obj.data;
my_div.appendChild(ptag);
};
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
3. websocket 握手原理
import socket, base64, hashlib
sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
sock.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)
sock.bind(('127.0.0.1', 9527))
sock.listen(5)
# 获取客户端socket对象
conn, address = sock.accept()
# 获取客户端的【握手】信息
data = conn.recv(1024)
print(data)
"""
b'GET /ws HTTP/1.1
Host: 127.0.0.1:9527
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:62.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/62.0
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8
Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.8,zh-TW;q=0.7,zh-HK;q=0.5,en-US;q=0.3,en;q=0.2
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Sec-WebSocket-Version: 13
Origin: http://localhost:63342
Sec-WebSocket-Extensions: permessage-deflate
Sec-WebSocket-Key: jocLOLLq1BQWp0aZgEWL5A==
Cookie: session=6f2bab18-2dc4-426a-8f06-de22909b967b
Connection: keep-alive, Upgrade
Pragma: no-cache
Cache-Control: no-cache
Upgrade: websocket
'
"""
# magic string为：258EAFA5-E914-47DA-95CA-C5AB0DC85B11
magic_string = '258EAFA5-E914-47DA-95CA-C5AB0DC85B11'
def get_headers(data):
header_dict = {}
header_str = data.decode("utf8")
for i in header_str.split("
"):
if str(i).startswith("Sec-WebSocket-Key"):
header_dict["Sec-WebSocket-Key"] = i.split(":")[1].strip()
return header_dict
def get_header(data):
"""
将请求头格式化成字典
:param data:
:return:
"""
header_dict = {}
data = str(data, encoding='utf-8')
header, body = data.split('
', 1)
header_list = header.split('
')
for i in range(0, len(header_list)):
if i == 0:
if len(header_list[i].split(' ')) == 3:
header_dict['method'], header_dict['url'], header_dict['protocol'] = header_list[i].split(' ')
else:
k, v = header_list[i].split(':', 1)
header_dict[k] = v.strip()
return header_dict
headers = get_headers(data) # 提取请求头信息
# 对请求头中的sec-websocket-key进行加密
response_tpl = "HTTP/1.1 101 Switching Protocols
"
"Upgrade:websocket
"
"Connection: Upgrade
"
"Sec-WebSocket-Accept: %s
"
"WebSocket-Location: ws://127.0.0.1:9527
"
value = headers['Sec-WebSocket-Key'] + magic_string
print(value,"magic+websocketkey")
ac = base64.b64encode(hashlib.sha1(value.encode('utf-8')).digest())
print(ac,"accept")
response_str = response_tpl % (ac.decode('utf-8'))
# 响应【握手】信息
conn.send(response_str.encode("utf8"))
while True:
msg = conn.recv(8096)
print(msg)