1、桥接模式
将该虚拟机的网口设置成桥接模式(Bridged Adapter),以确保主机可以ping通虚拟机:
2、安装ssh
在ubuntu虚拟机上安装ssh server:
sudo apt-get install openssh-server
安装结束后,确认本机ssh服务是否打开,输入
ps -e | grep ssh
如果看到sshd说明ssh服务已经打开了,如果没有sshd,可以输入以下命令开启ssh服务:
sudo /etc/init.d/ssh start
3、IP地址
找到ubuntu的IP地址,即可以通过在terminal输入:
ifconfig
会出现下面的东西:
找到拥有inet的那一行,后面的地址即为该虚拟机的IP地址。这里可以看到,该虚拟机的IP地址为10.66.182.88
4、连接
在主机上同样安装ssh。安装好后为了连接虚拟机,可以进行如下操作:
wubijiadeMacBook-Pro:~ wooka$ ssh wu@10.66.182.88
The authenticity of host '10.66.182.88 (10.66.182.88)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:xxx.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added '10.66.182.88' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
wu@10.66.182.88's password:
Welcome to Ubuntu 14.04.5 LTS (GNU/Linux 4.4.0-31-generic x86_64)
* Documentation: https://help.ubuntu.com/
System information as of Thu Oct 25 22:23:38 HKT 2018
System load: 0.0 Processes: 109
Usage of /: 17.3% of 8.50GB Users logged in: 1
Memory usage: 6% IP address for eth0: 10.66.182.88
Swap usage: 0%
Graph this data and manage this system at:
https://landscape.canonical.com/
New release '16.04.5 LTS' available.
Run 'do-release-upgrade' to upgrade to it.
Last login: Thu Oct 25 22:23:38 2018 from localhost
wu@ubuntu:~$ ls
这里ssh wu@10.66.182.88
,wu
为虚拟机的用户名。
至此可以直接从主机访问虚拟机的文件了。通过输入exit
可退出访问。
wu@ubuntu:~$ exit
logout
Connection to 10.66.182.88 closed.
5、免密配置
然而,麻烦的是,每次主机访问虚拟机时都要输入密码。如何进行免密操作?
为主机和虚拟机共同建立一个共享的密码。
即,可输入ssh-keygen
,产生一个public/private密码对。
wubijiadeMacBook-Pro:~ wooka$ ssh-keygen
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/Users/wooka/.ssh/id_rsa): y
# 下面一行代表可否用另一个密码代替之前需要输入的密码,为了方便,可以省略直接回车。
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):
Enter same passphrase again:
Your identification has been saved in y.
Your public key has been saved in y.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
SHA256:xxx
wooka@wubijiadeMacBook-Pro.local
The key's randomart image is:
+---[RSA 2048]----+
|.o . o.. .o |
|. + o..... o |
|o..o .o.o.+ |
|=o..+Eo+oo . + |
|o+.oooooS = . |
|..o.. .o . o o |
| o o. . o o |
|. . .o . o |
| . .+ . |
+----[SHA256]-----+
现在,我们将pubilc key推送到虚拟机上,即
$ ssh-copy-id wu@10.66.182.88
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: Source of key(s) to be installed: "/Users/wooka/.ssh/id_rsa.pub"
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys
wu@10.66.182.88's password:
Number of key(s) added: 1
Now try logging into the machine, with: "ssh 'wu@10.66.182.88'"
and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added.
现在,你控制ubuntu虚拟机的时候,就不需要输入密码了哦!
6、文件云端运行
假如我在主机端 (如 Macbook) 上写代码. 在我的主目录下写好了一个 Python 脚本 test.py
,但我想把该脚本用 ssh 远程推送到旁边空闲的 Linux 去运算。
比如这个 Python 脚本是这样的:
import platform
a = 0
for i in range(999):
a += 1
print("Finish job, result = %i" %a)
print("This is", platform.system())
如果我要在虚拟机上运行的话,可以这样:
wubijiadeMacBook-Pro:~ wooka$ ssh wu@10.66.182.88 python3 < ~/test.py
Finish job, result = 999
This is Linux
可以看到,文件被推送到了linux上运行了。command中的<
表示将右边的文件送入左边的python3中
7、文件云端传输
之前只是文件传送到虚拟机上运行,但是现在我要将文件传送到虚拟机里怎么办呢?比如说我要运行一个py文件,但是该py文件依赖于另一个py文件。这样的话,我必须要把两个文件都放在虚拟机下才能运行。
比如文件 a.py:
# This is b.py
def inner_func():
print("This is the function in b")
还有一个文件需要调用a.py才能运行:
# This is a.py
from b import inner_func
inner_func()
答案是,在本地主机上输入scp
(secure copy),加密传输复制~/{a,b}.py,就可将我的主目录里的两个文件复制到虚拟机的temp的目录中。
wubijiadeMacBook-Pro:~ wooka$ scp ~/{a,b}.py wu@10.66.182.88:~/temp
a.py 100% 53 65.4KB/s 00:00
b.py 100% 69 89.5KB/s 00:00
接下来,执行虚拟机上被传送的文件。这时候,相当于在ssh的时候发送一条指令去执行a.py
,这条指令用" "
框起来,说明是要发送去云端再执行的指令。
wubijiadeMacBook-Pro:~ wooka$ ssh wu@10.66.182.88 "python3 ~/temp/a.py"
This is the function in b
接下来,对于云端虚拟机上产生的结果,我们要返回到本机中怎么办?其实,只要把scp
的两个参数改变一下位置就可以了。
wubijiadeMacBook-Pro:~ wooka$ scp wu@10.66.182.88:~/temp/a.py ~/Desktop/
a.py 100% 53 72.8KB/s 00:00