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  • Winform项目开发心得

    http://www.cnblogs.com/Charles2008/archive/2009/08/07/1541544.html

    前段时间在开发一个关于RFID的winform程序, 其实关键还是winform项目(其实关于RFID的牵涉到很少),花了2个星期左右完成了。在项目的过程中随便也回忆了关于winform的开发模式。平时一直都在做B/S的Asp.net,很少接触winform的开发。(一些小的工具倒还是用winform来做).总的做下来,感觉最大的问题就是在前端表现起来很不容易控制,不像B/S结构那样有JavaScript和CSS来实现。改一个javascript或CSS,整个系统的样式都随之更改。
        总之不管怎样,还是通过查找以前实训项目的代码和在网上寻找相关的解决方案最终还是完成了。为了便于以后在做winform程序收集资源。现把相关的开发过程中一些细节知识点的解决方案记录下来:
    一、登录界面验证成功后进入主界面,否则则退出应用程序
    假设登录窗体frmLogin.cs和主界面frmMain.cs在程序的Main入口这样来实现:

    frmLogin login = new frmLogin();
    login.ShowDialog();
    if (frmLogin.blCanLogin == true)
    {
       Application.Run(new frmMain());
    }  

    因此在frmLogin窗体中增加一个静态变量

    public static bool blCanLogin = false;//记录能否检验是否通

    在登录事件中:

    if(登录成功)
    {
      blCanLogin = true;
    this.Close();
    }
    Else
    {
      ..//to do
    }

    二、MDI父窗体中弹出子窗体

    if (this.CheckChildFormExit("frmQuery") == true)
    return;
    else
    {
              frmQuery query = new frmQuery();
              query.MdiParent = this;
              query.Show();
    }

    //-----------------查询一个子窗体是否存在----------------
    private bool CheckChildFormExit(string childFrmName)
            {
    foreach (Form childfrm in this.MdiChildren)
                {
    //用子窗体的Name进行判断,如果已经存在则将他激活
    if (childfrm.Name == childFrmName)
                    {
    if (childfrm.WindowState == FormWindowState.Minimized)
                            childfrm.WindowState = FormWindowState.Normal;
                        childfrm.Activate();
    return true;
                    }
                }
    return false;
            }

    三、设置DataGridView中行的背景颜色哦字体颜色(隔行变色)
    在DataGridView的DataBindingComplete事件中实现:

    private void dataGridView1_DataBindingComplete(object sender, DataGridViewBindingCompleteEventArgs e)
    {
    this.dataGridView1.Rows[i].DefaultCellStyle.BackColor= System.Drawing.SystemColors.Info;//背景颜色
    this.dataGridView1.Rows[i].DefaultCellStyle.ForeColor = System.Drawing.Color.Green;//字体颜色
    this.dataGridView1.Rows[i].DefaultCellStyle.SelectionBackColor = System.Drawing.Color.Green;//选择行的颜色
    }

    四、DataGridView控件的打印
    在网上找了一个DataGridView打印类,然后在它的基础上进行了部门修改,以满足项目的实际需要。
    http://hi.baidu.com/bdhseaside/blog/item/f7db602443ed13054d088d02.html
    五、日期时间的计算
    在牵涉到查询功能的时候需要显示不同的日期:包括今天、本周、本月、本年、最近一周、最近本月、最近一月、最近一年

    Code
    /// 根据日期获取当周星期一
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="dt"></param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public static DateTime StartOfTheWeek(DateTime dt)
            {
    return dt.AddDays(-(Convert.ToInt16(dt.DayOfWeek)-1));
            }
    /// <summary>
    /// 根据日期获取当周末
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="dt"></param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public static DateTime EndOfTheWeek(DateTime dt)
            {
    return StartOfTheWeek(dt).AddDays(6);
            }
    /// <summary>
    ///根据日期获取月初日期
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="dt"></param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public static DateTime StartOfTheMonth(DateTime dt)
            {
    return new DateTime(dt.Year, dt.Month, 1);
            }
    /// <summary>
    /// 根据日期获取月底日期
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="dt"></param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public static DateTime EndOfTheMonth(DateTime dt)
            {
    return StartOfTheMonth(dt).AddMonths(1).AddDays(-1);
            }
    /// <summary>
    /// 感觉日期年初日期
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="dt"></param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public static DateTime StartOfTheYear(DateTime dt)
            {
    return new DateTime(dt.Year, 1, 1);
            }
    /// <summary>
    /// 根据日期获取年底日期
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="dt"></param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public static DateTime EndOfTheYear(DateTime dt)
            {
    return StartOfTheYear(dt).AddYears(1).AddDays(-1);
            }

    六、DataGridView几个重要属性
    DataGridView.AutoGeneralColumn----¬是否自动生成列
    DataGridView.ColumnHeadersVisible------指定是否显示列标题行。
    DataGridView.RowHeadersVisible-----指定是否显示行标题列。
    DataGridView.SelectionMode-----知道DataGridView选择单元格的模式(单元格,行)
    DataGridView.AllowUserToResizeColumns----指定是否可以手动改变列的宽度。
    DataGridView.AllowUserToResizeRows----指定是否可以手动改变行的高度。
    七、DataGridView控件导出到Excel文件
    主要用了2种方式来实现:
    1.格式不做限制,普通列表显示:

    /**//// <summary>
    /// 常用方法,列之间加\t,一行一行输出,此文件其实是csv文件,不过默认可以当成Excel打开。  
    /// </summary>
    /// <remarks>
    /// using System.IO;  
    /// </remarks>
    /// <param name="dgv"></param>
    private void DataGridViewToExcel(DataGridView dgv)
    {
            SaveFileDialog dlg = new SaveFileDialog();
            dlg.Filter = "Execl files (*.xls)|*.xls";
            dlg.FilterIndex = 0;
            dlg.RestoreDirectory = true;
            dlg.CreatePrompt = true;
            dlg.Title = "保存为Excel文件";

    if (dlg.ShowDialog() == DialogResult.OK)
    {
                Stream myStream;
                myStream = dlg.OpenFile();
                StreamWriter sw = new StreamWriter(myStream, System.Text.Encoding.GetEncoding(-0));
    string columnTitle = "";
    try
    {
    //写入列标题  
    for (int i = 0; i < dgv.ColumnCount; i++)
    {
    if (i > 0)
    {
                            columnTitle += "\t";
                        }
                        columnTitle += dgv.Columns[i].HeaderText;
                    }
                    sw.WriteLine(columnTitle);

    //写入列内容  
    for (int j = 0; j < dgv.Rows.Count; j++)
    {
    string columnValue = "";
    for (int k = 0; k < dgv.Columns.Count; k++)
    {
    if (k > 0)
    {
                                columnValue += "\t";
                            }
    if (dgv.Rows[j].Cells[k].Value == null)
                                columnValue += "";
    else
                                columnValue += dgv.Rows[j].Cells[k].Value.ToString().Trim();
                        }
                        sw.WriteLine(columnValue);
                    }
                    sw.Close();
                    myStream.Close();
                }
    catch (Exception e)
    {
                    MessageBox.Show(e.ToString());
                }
    finally
    {
                    sw.Close();
                    myStream.Close();
                }
            }
        }

    对于复杂的,对于导出的excel有格式限制,可以考虑用Excel模板(XML支持)来实现。

    Code
    /// <summary>
    /// 将DataGridView中的数据导入到Excel中
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="dt">DataGridView</param>
    /// <param name="templatePath">模板的路径</param>
    /// <param name="excelName">导入Excel的路径</param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public static bool DataGridViewToExcel(DataGridView dg, string templatePath, string excelName)
            {
    bool result = true;
                XmlDocument xmlDoc = new XmlDocument();
    if (File.Exists(templatePath))
                {
                    xmlDoc.Load(templatePath);
                    XmlNode root = xmlDoc.SelectSingleNode(@"/*[local-name()='Workbook']/*[local-name()='Worksheet'][1]/*[local-name()='Table']");
    foreach (DataGridViewRow dgRow in dg.Rows)
                    {
                        XmlElement row = xmlDoc.CreateElement("", "Row", "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:spreadsheet");
                        row.SetAttribute("AutoFitHeight", "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:spreadsheet", "0");
    foreach (DataGridViewColumn dgcol in dg.Columns)
                        {
    if (dgcol.Visible && dgcol.IsDataBound && dgcol.GetType().Name == "DataGridViewTextBoxColumn")
                            {
                                XmlElement cell = xmlDoc.CreateElement("", "Cell", "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:spreadsheet");
                                XmlElement data = xmlDoc.CreateElement("", "Data", "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:spreadsheet");
                                data.SetAttribute("Type", "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:spreadsheet", "String");
                                data.InnerText = StringUility.ReturnFormatString(dgRow.Cells[dgcol.Name].Value);
                                cell.AppendChild(data);
                                row.AppendChild(cell);
                            }
                        }
    //root.InsertBefore(row, root.LastChild);
                        root.AppendChild(row);
                    }
    #region 添加合计行
                    XmlElement totalRow = xmlDoc.CreateElement("", "Row", "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:spreadsheet");
                    totalRow.SetAttribute("AutoFitHeight", "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:spreadsheet", "0");
    for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++)
                    {
                        XmlElement cell = xmlDoc.CreateElement("", "Cell", "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:spreadsheet");
                        XmlElement data = xmlDoc.CreateElement("", "Data", "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:spreadsheet");
                        data.SetAttribute("Type", "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:spreadsheet", i == 0 ? "String" : "Number");
                        data.InnerText =(i==0?"合计":dg.Rows.Count.ToString());
                        cell.AppendChild(data);
                        totalRow.AppendChild(cell);
                    }
                    root.AppendChild(totalRow);
    #endregion
                    XmlNode countnode = xmlDoc.SelectSingleNode(@"/*[local-name()='Workbook']/*[local-name()='Worksheet'][1]/*[local-name()='Table']");
                    countnode.Attributes["ss:ExpandedRowCount"].Value = (Int32.Parse(countnode.Attributes["ss:ExpandedRowCount"].Value) + dg.Rows.Count+1).ToString();//标题+合计+数据
                    xmlDoc.Save(excelName);
                    result = true;
                }
    else
                {
                    result = false;
                }
    return result;
            }

    另外还有通过Microsoft Excel 11.0(12) Object Library,使用using Excel=Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel调用CoM来实现。但必须有要求是安装该软件的应用程序必须装 Microsoft Office Excel才行。而且还应该设置运行该软件的程序对COM有访问权限。
    八、关于DataGridView控件一些特殊设置可以参见:
    使用DataGridView控件常见问题解答
    最后欢迎朋友们指出问题和提出建议,共同讨论。谢谢
    Best Regards,
    Charles Chen
    msn: gotosunny@msn.com

    Tag标签: RFID,Winform,DataGridView

    Charles Chen
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/blsong/p/1856804.html
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