I need to preface this by saying I'm also new to Linux, but I've got it working I think. The instructions you and I tried to follow aren't brilliantly written and are a bit out of date. I took all of the security settings off my device before trying this so you may want to do the same, e.g/ No password or passcode.
Start by getting all of the required applications and packages.
sudo apt-get install ideviceinstaller python-imobiledevice libimobiledevice-utils libimobiledevice6 libplist3 python-plist ifuse
Connect your device and test that it's being recognised using idevice.
ideviceinfo
Pair your device using idevicepair.
idevicepair pair
Validate the pairing using idevicepair
idevicepair validate
Create the mount point for your device, my device was an iPod Touch.
sudo mkdir /media/iPod-touch
Give all users access to the mount point.
sudo chmod 777 /media/iPod-touch
Mount the device using the newly created mount point.
ifuse /media/iPod-touch/
Now you should be able to access your device from your file manager!
参考：https://askubuntu.com/questions/799414/how-to-move-files-from-ubuntu-to-iphone