dhcp6和ipv6相关知识

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DHCPD, IPv6, RADVD, Ubuntu

Linux IPv6 Router: RADVD + DHCPv6

2013-03-20 kortsi 2 Comments

 

    

3.25 avg. rating (70% score) - 4 votes

Unlike IPv4, which uses DHCP for configuration, IPv6 uses the Neighbor Discovery Protocol to configure addresses and gateways. Unfortunately, originally the protocol had no means of providing addresses of DNS servers to clients, making it necessary to use  DHCPv6 for that purpose. Modern Linux and Mac OS X machines are able to use the IPv6 Router Advertisement Options for DNS Configuration (RFC 6106), but to my knowledge, Windows clients are not able at the moment. Here’s how to configure a Linux router using radvd and the ISC DHCP daemon.

Table of Contents [hide]

• 1 Network Configuration and Packet Forwarding
• 2 IPv6 Router Advertisement Daemon
• 3 The RDNSS and DNSSL Options
• 4 DHCPv6

Network Configuration and Packet Forwarding

The following configuration has been tested with Ubuntu Server 12.04.2 LTS. For the purposes of this article, the /etc/network/interfaces file looks like this:

# eth0 to Internet iface eth0 inet6 static address 2001:db8:0:1::2 netmask 64 gateway 2001:db8:0:1::1 # eth1 to internal network iface eth1 inet6 static address 2001:db8:0:2::1 netmask 64

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# eth0 to Internet iface eth0 inet6 static   address 2001:db8:0:1::2   netmask 64   gateway 2001:db8:0:1::1   # eth1 to internal network iface eth1 inet6 static   address 2001:db8:0:2::1   netmask 64

Outbound interface is eth0, and inbound interface eth1.

First, to enable IPv6 packet forwarding, put this in your /etc/sysctl.conf:

net.ipv6.conf.all.forwarding=1

1	net.ipv6.conf.all.forwarding=1

And run this to make the change in the running kernel:

sudo sysctl -w net.ipv6.conf.all.forwarding=1

1	sudo sysctl -w net.ipv6.conf.all.forwarding=1

IPv6 Router Advertisement Daemon

Install the router advertisement daemon or radvd with:

sudo apt-get install radvd

1	sudo apt-get install radvd

Create file /etc/radvd.conf and put your internal interface and prefix there:

interface eth1 { AdvSendAdvert on; prefix 2001:db8:0:2::/64 { }; };

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interface eth1 {    AdvSendAdvert on;    prefix 2001:db8:0:2::/64    {    }; };

You can now start the daemon with

sudo service radvd start

1	sudo service radvd start

That will enable router advertisements on the internal interface. See example configuration files under /usr/share/doc/radvd/examples. See also manual pages for radvd(8) and radvd.conf(5) for more information. The radvdump(8) is a useful tool for watching live router advertisement traffic.

The RDNSS and DNSSL Options

Below is an example radvd.conf which also advertises DNS servers with RDNSS and DNS search path with DNSSL, both of which are specified in RFC 6106. This will work with Linux and Mac OS X clients, but unfortunately Windows does not seem to support it.

interface eth1 { AdvSendAdvert on; MinRtrAdvInterval 3; MaxRtrAdvInterval 10; prefix 2001:db8:0:1::/64 { }; RDNSS 2001:db8:0:1::a 2001:db8:0:1::b { AdvRDNSSLifetime 10; }; DNSSL koo.fi { AdvDNSSLLifetime 10; }; };

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interface eth1 {   AdvSendAdvert on;   MinRtrAdvInterval 3;   MaxRtrAdvInterval 10;     prefix 2001:db8:0:1::/64   {   };     RDNSS 2001:db8:0:1::a 2001:db8:0:1::b   {     AdvRDNSSLifetime 10;   };     DNSSL koo.fi   {     AdvDNSSLLifetime 10;   }; };

Restart radvd.

DHCPv6

To support Windows, we must install a DHCPv6 compliant DHCP server, such as a recent version of the ISC DHCP daemon:

sudo apt-get install isc-dhcp-server

1	sudo apt-get install isc-dhcp-server

Create file /etc/dhcp/dhcpd6.conf and put something like this in there:

ddns-update-style none; default-lease-time 7200; max-lease-time 86400; subnet6 2001:db8:0:2::/64 { range6 2001:db8:0:2::1000 2001:db8:0:2::1fff; option dhcp6.name-servers 2001:db8:0:1::a, 2001:db8:0:1::b; option dhcp6.domain-search "koo.fi"; }

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ddns-update-style none;   default-lease-time 7200; max-lease-time 86400;   subnet6 2001:db8:0:2::/64 {   range6     2001:db8:0:2::1000     2001:db8:0:2::1fff;     option dhcp6.name-servers     2001:db8:0:1::a,     2001:db8:0:1::b;     option dhcp6.domain-search     "koo.fi"; }

We configured a pool of 4096 addresses here (::1000-1fff), plus DNS servers and search path.

Start the dhcpv6 server:

sudo service isc-dhcp-server6 start

1	sudo service isc-dhcp-server6 start

If it fails, see /var/log/syslog for error messages. Finally, if everything went ok, add to default runlevels:

sudo update-rc.d isc-dhcp-server6 defaults

1	sudo update-rc.d isc-dhcp-server6 defaults

Now you should be able to get an IPv6 address and DNS servers with a DHCP client. Additional benefit with DHCP is that you can send more configuration information, such as time server addresses, using DHCP options.

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