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  • SQL练习题 51题 一刷

     

    Student表:

    select * from student;

     

    课程表Course:

    select * from course;

     

    教师表teacher:

    select * from teacher;

     

     

    成绩表Score:

    select * from sc;

     

     

    1、查询" 01 "课程比" 02 "课程成绩高的学生的信息及课程分数

    select c.*, a.score
    
    from sc a, sc b, student c
    
    where a.sid=b.sid and c.sid=a.sid and a.cid=1 and b.cid=2 and a.score>b.score;  #笛卡尔积形式的连接,不能加上a.cid=b.cid

     

     

     

     2、查询同时选" 01 "课程和" 02 "课程的学生

    select a.sid
    
    from sc a, sc b
    
    where a.sid=b.sid and a.cid=1 and b.cid=2;

     

     

     

    3、查询选修了" 01 "课程但可能没有选修" 02 "课程的学生情况(不存在时显示为 null )

     方法一:

    select *   from 
       (select * from sc where cid=1) a 
    left join 
       (select * from sc where cid=2) b
    on a.sid=b.sid;

     

     

    方法二:

    select *
    from student a
    left join SC b on a.SID = b.SID and b.CID = '01'
    left join SC c on a.SID = c.SID and c.CID = '02'
    where  b.score is not null; 

    运行结果:没有where子句时,中间表的连接结果如下图,题目要求选修了1号课程,可能没有选修2号课程,所以根据下图的结果,可以得知,只要把选修了1号课程的同学查询出来即可,即where子句中的条件为: b.score is not null 

     

     

     

    方法三:  这种方法和方法二相同,只是where 子句有所不同,如果想使用方法三,where子句的条件需要修改为b.score>= isnull(c.score),

    原因是b.score>isnull(c.score),

    假定c.score是null,isnull(c.score)返回的结果为1,那么当b.score=1时,此时b.score>isnull(c.score)不成立,那么这一条记录就会被过滤掉

    select a.* , b.score  b_score ,c.score  c_score from Student a
    
    left join SC b on a.SID = b.SID and b.CID = '01'
    
    left join SC c on a.SID = c.SID and c.CID = '02'
    
    where  b.score > = isnull(c.score);   #,注意,是>=, 这一句,目的是为了筛选出b表中不为null的成绩,因为isnull(c.score)返回结果只有0和1两种情况

     

    思路解析:

    select a.* , b.score  b_score ,c.score  c_score from Student a
    
    left join SC b on a.SID = b.SID and b.CID = '01'
    
    left join SC c on a.SID = c.SID and c.CID = '02';

     

     

    isnull( )使用说明:

      

     

     

    4、查询不存在" 01 "课程但存在" 02 "课程的情况

     思路:选修2课程的id号课程中,剔除选修了1课程的id 号

    select  distinct sid
    from sc
    where cid=2 and sid not in 
    (select  sid
    from sc 
    where cid=1
    );

     

     

     

     

    7、查询所有同学的学生编号、学生姓名、选课总数、所有课程的总成绩(没成绩的显示为 null )

    select student.sid, student.sname, count(sc.cid) as "选课总数", sum(sc.score) as  "总成绩"
    
    from student left join  sc  on student.sid=sc.sid
    
    group by student.sid  ;

     

     

    8、查询「李」姓老师的数量

    #(例子:查询以s开头的老师数量)

    select count(*) from teacher where tname like 's%';

     

    9、查询学过「张三」老师授课的同学的信息

    (例子:查询学过 jane 老师授课的学生信息)

    select student.*
    from student, sc, course, teacher
    where student.sid=sc.sid and sc.cid=course.cid and  course.tid=teacher.tid and teacher.tname='jane';

     

     

    中间表:

    select *
    from student, sc, course, teacher
    where student.sid=sc.sid and sc.cid=course.cid and  course.tid=teacher.tid ;

     

     

     

    10、查询没有学全所有课程的同学的信息

     

    select  student.*
    from sc , student
    where student.sid=sc.sid
    group by  sc.sid
    having count(sc.cid)<(select count(*) from course);  # 查询课程表course中有多少门课

     

     

    11、查询至少有一门课与学号为" 01 "的同学所学相同的同学的信息

    ps:把1号同学排除

     

    select  distinct student.*
    
    from student, sc
    where student.sid=sc.sid and  sc.sid!=1 and  sc.cid in (
    select distinct cid from sc where sid=1);

     

     

    12、查询和" 01 "号同学学习的课程 完全相同的其他同学的信息

     正确代码:

     此时SC表如图:可以看到,将sid分组的情况下,除6号同学外,每个同学的成绩记录都是按照cid增序的顺序插入的;只有6号同学的课程插入顺序是1,3,2

     上面这张表不太容易看,对sid按增序排序后,如下图,查看每个同学cid插入的顺序如何,注意:只对sid排序,对cid排序后就不能看出来每个同学cid插入的顺序如何了。

    排序后,可以更清楚的看到只有6号同学的课程插入顺序是乱的,不是按照cid增序插入的。

    完全正确的代码:

    PS:不仅使用了group_concat( )函数,还对group_concat( )函数中的参数进行了排序。

    select student.*
    from 
    (select sid, group_concat(cid order by cid) as  tt from sc  where sid=1  group by sid  order by cid ) a   #1号同学选修的课程
            #这里对cid进行了排序,因为group_concat()函数连接cid的值时,默认是按照该值在SC表中的插入顺序进行连接的
    left join 
    
    ( select sid, group_concat(cid order by cid) as rr  from sc  where sid!=1  group by sid order by cid ) b    on a.tt=b.rr  
    # #除1号同学外,其他同学选修的课程,将两张表进行连接,按照选修课程相同为条件进行连接
    
    join student on b.sid=student.sid;

    运行结果:

    下面代码也有漏洞:group _concat( cid)中不对cid排序,则返回结果如下:

    select student.*
    from 
    (select sid, group_concat(cid ) as  tt from sc  where sid=1  group by sid  order by cid ) a 
           
    left join 
    
    ( select sid, group_concat(cid ) as rr  from sc  where sid!=1  group by sid order by cid ) b    on a.tt=b.rr  
    
    join student on b.sid=student.sid;

    运行结果:只查询出了4号同学

    必须要排序的原因: 可以看到,1,4,6号同学选的课程都一样,只是6号同学课程插入时是乱序的,结果造成下面这种情况,连接的结果也是按插入顺序连接的,这样,系统认为1号同学和6号同学的课程是不一样的,所以group_concat( cid )中要对cid排序,即使用group_concat( cid order by cid)

    select sid, group_concat(cid) as '选修课程'  from sc  group by sid;

    运行结果:

    总结:
      按同学分组后,如果每个同学的课程插入记录是顺序增加或顺序降低的,则使用group_concat( )函数时不对参数进行排序,没有问题。

      但如果每个同学的课程插入记录是乱序的,则使用group_concat( )函数时必须对参数进行排序。

    错误代码: 下面的代码看似正确,其实有漏洞,很有迷惑性

     

    分析: 假定一共有4门课,课程号cid=1,2,3,4;    SC表如下,其中1同学、4同学、6同学都选修了1,2,3这三门课,不存在选修了全部课程的同学,这种情况下,使用下面代码解决这道题目没有问题,但是

     

     假定表的情况按上述情况,运行下面代码,返回的结果看似是正确的:

    select  student.*
    from   sc ,student
    where  student.sid=sc.sid  and sc.cid in   ( select cid from sc where sid=1)  and    student.sid!=1
    group by sc.sid
    having count(*) in (select count(*) from sc where sid=1);

    运行结果:

     

     

    举一个例子揭示上述代码的漏洞:

    在上面的那张表中,插入了一条记录,结果就是6号同学选修了全部课程,那么此时,只有4号同学和1号同学选修的课程完全相同

     

     同样运行上面代码,查看运行结果:

     

     

    select  student.*
    from   sc ,student
    where  student.sid=sc.sid  and sc.cid in   ( select cid from sc where sid=1)  and    student.sid!=1
    group by sc.sid
    having count(*) in (select count(*) from sc where sid=1);

    运行结果: 仍然把6号同学给选了出来,此时,正确的结果应当只有第一条

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    13、查询没学过"张三"老师讲授的任一门课程的学生姓名

    (例子:smith老师)

    思路:先把学过smith老师课程的学号选出来,然后从student表中剔除这些学号

     

    select student.*
    from student
    where sid not in (
       select sid from sc ,course, teacher  
       where sc.cid=course.cid and course.tid=teacher.tid and  teacher.tname='smith');

     

     

     

     

    14、查询两门及其以上不及格课程的同学的学号,姓名及其平均成绩

     

    A:查询出两门以上不及格的学号

    select sid
    from sc
    where score<60
    group by sid
    having  count(*)>=2;

     

    A:完整结果

     个人理解:我理解的平均成绩某个同学所有选修课程的平均成绩,而不是不及格课程的平均成绩。

    例如,2号同学选了3门课,有2门不及格,平均成绩是指3门的平均成绩,而不是2门的。

     

    select student.sid, student.sname, avg(sc.score)
    from (student join sc on student.sid=sc.sid )  join   
    (
    select sc.sid as esid
    from sc
    where sc.score<60
    group by sc.sid
    having  count(*)>=2) a
    on student.sid=a.esid 
    group by student.sid
    order by student.sid;

    运行结果:

     

     

     

     

     

    15、检索" 01 "课程分数小于 60,按分数降序排列的学生信息

     

    select student.*
    from sc,student
    where cid=1 and score<60 and sc.sid=student.sid
    order by score desc;

     

     

     

    16、按平均成绩从高到低显示所有学生的所有课程的成绩以及平均成绩

    select sc.*, a.avgscore
    from sc left join (select sid, avg(score) as avgscore from sc group by sid) a on sc.sid=a.sid
    order by a.avgscore desc;

     

     

     

     

     

    17、查询各科成绩最高分、最低分和平均分

    select cid, max(score), min(score), avg(score)
    from sc
    group by cid;

     

     

     

    18、以如下形式显示:课程 ID,课程 name,最高分,最低分,平均分,及格率,中等率,优良率,优秀率

    及格为>=60,中等为:70-80,优良为:80-90,优秀为:>=90

    要求输出课程号和选修人数,查询结果按人数降序排列,若人数相同,按课程号升序排列

    select sc.cid, course.cname,count(sc.sid) as '选修人数', max(sc.score), min(score), avg(score),
     (sum(case when score>=60 then 1 else 0 end)/count(sc.sid)) as '及格率',
     (sum(case when score>=70 and score<80 then 1 else 0 end) /count(sc.sid)) as '中等率',
     (sum(case when score>=80 and score<90 then 1 else 0 end)/count(sc.sid)) as '优良率',
     (sum(case when score>=90 then 1 else 0 end)/count(sc.sid)) as '优秀率'
     
    from sc, course
    where sc.cid=course.cid
    group by sc.cid
    order by count(sc.sid) desc, cid ; #按选修人数降序排列,如果人数相同,按课程号cid升序排列

     

     

     

    19、按各科成绩进行排序,并显示排名, Score 重复时保留名次空缺

     思路:这里不能使用a.score<=b.score

    select  a.sid ,a.cid, a.score, count(a.score<b.score)+1  as rank
    from sc a  left join sc b  on a.cid=b.cid  and a.score<b.score
    group by a.cid, a.sid
    order by a.cid, a.score desc;

     

     

     

    20、按各科成绩进行排序,并显示排名, Score 重复时合并名次

     思路:看某个分数在所有分数中,小于等于的有几个

    select  a.sid ,a.cid, a.score, count( distinct b.score)+1 as rank
    from sc a left join   sc b  on a.cid=b.cid  and a.score<b.score
    group by a.cid, a.sid
    order by a.cid, a.score desc;

    或者   如果是a.score<=b.score,则count( distinct b.score) 即可,不用加1

    select  a.sid ,a.cid, a.score, count( distinct b.score) as rank
    from sc a left join   sc b  on a.cid=b.cid  and a.score<=b.score
    group by a.cid, a.sid
    order by a.cid, a.score desc;

     

     

     

     

    21、查询学生的总成绩,并进行排名,总分重复时保留名次空缺

     

    select a.* ,count(a.cj<b.cj)+1 as rank
    
    from 
       (select sid , sum(score)  as cj  from sc  group by sid) a
    left join 
       ( select sid, sum(score) as cj from sc group by sid) b
    on a.cj<b.cj
    
    group by a.sid
    order by a.cj desc
    ;

     

     

     

     

     

    22、 查询学生的总成绩,并进行排名,总分重复时不保留名次空缺

     

    select a.* ,count(distinct b.cj)+1 as rank
    
    from 
       (select sid , sum(score)  as cj  from sc  group by sid) a
    left join 
       ( select sid, sum(score) as cj from sc group by sid) b
    on a.cj<b.cj
    
    group by a.sid
    order by a.cj desc
    ;

     

     

     

     

     

     23、统计各科成绩各分数段人数:课程编号,课程名称,[100-85],[85-70],[70-60],[60-0] 及所占百分比

     

    select sc.cid,cname,count(sid) as '总人数',
       concat(round(sum(case when score>=0 and score<60 then 1 else 0 end) /count(sid)*100,2),'%') as '0-60',
       concat(round(sum(case when score>=60 and score<70 then 1 else 0 end)/count(sid)*100,2),"%")  as '60-70',
       concat(round(sum(case when score>=70 and score<85 then 1 else 0 end)/count(sid)*100,2),"%") as '70-85',
       concat(round(sum(case when score<=100 and score>=85 then 1 else 0 end )/count(*)*100,2),'%') as '85-100'
    
    
    from sc join course on sc.cid=course.cid 
    group by cid;

     

     

     

     

     

    24、查询各科成绩前三名的记录

     思路:先将各科成绩进行排序(这里应该是不保留名次空缺),然后从成绩表SC中选出排名<=3的记录

    select * from 
    (
    select a.*, count(distinct b.score) +1 as rank
    from  sc a
     left join sc b
    on a.cid=b.cid and a.score<b.score
    group by a.cid, a.sid
    order by a.cid, a.score desc) c
    where c.rank<=3
    ;

     

     

    25、查询每门课程被选修的学生数

    select cid, count(*) as '选修人数' 
    from sc
    group by cid;

     

    26、查询出只选修两门课程的学生学号和姓名

    select sc.sid, student.sname
    from student, sc
    where student.sid=sc.sid
    group by sc.sid
    having count(sc.cid)=2;

     

    27、查询男生、女生人数

    select ssex as '性别' , count(*) as '人数'
    from student
    group by ssex;

     

     

    28、查询名字中含有「风」字的学生信息

    select * from student  where sname like '%m%'; #这个是查询姓名含有m的学生信息,m在开头或者中间位置都可以
    
    select * from student where sname like 'm%';  #这个是查询姓名以m开头的学生信息

     

     

    29、查询同名同姓学生名单,并统计同名人数

     

    select sname , count(*) as '人数'
    from student
    group by sname;

     

     

     

    30、查询 1990 年出生的学生名单

     

    select * from student where sage like "1990%" ;

     

     

     

    31、查询每门课程的平均成绩,结果按平均成绩降序排列,平均成绩相同时,按课程编号升序排列

    select cid, avg(score) as '平均成绩'
    from sc
    group by cid
    order by avg(score) desc, cid;

     

     

     

    32、查询平均成绩大于等于 85 的所有学生的学号、姓名和平均成绩

     

    select student.sid, student.sname, a.pj
    from student join 
    
    (select sid, avg(score) as 'pj'
    from sc
    group by sid
    having avg(score)>=85) a
    
    on student.sid=a.sid ;

     

     

     

     

     

     

    33、查询课程名称为「数学」,且分数低于 60 的学生姓名和分数

     

    select student.sname, score
    
    from student, sc, course
    where student.sid=sc.sid and sc.cid=course.cid and score<60 and cname='math';

     

     

     

     

     

    34、查询所有学生的课程及分数情况(存在学生没成绩,没选课的情况)

    select  student.sid,student.sname, sc.cid,sc.score
    from student left join sc on student.sid=sc.sid
    order by student.sid;

     

    1 mark 1 80
    1 mark 3 95
    1 mark 2 90
    2 james 2 39
    2 james 3 39
    2 james 4 94
    3 michael 1 93
    3 michael 3 87
    4 jack 2 74
    4 jack 1 89
    4 jack 3 83
    5 mei 1 76
    5 mei 2 47
    6 lily 4 44
    6 lily 1 41
    6 lily 3 83
    7 nana 3 83
    7 nana 2 89
    8 mifei  NULL NULL 
    9 cry  NULL NULL 

     

    35、查询任何一门课程成绩在 70 分以上的姓名、课程名称和分数

    select sname, cname ,score
    from (sc join student on sc.sid=student.sid) join course on sc.cid=course.cid
    where  score>70
    order by sc.sid;

     

     

     

     

    36、查询不及格的课程

    select  course.cname, sc.score
    from sc join course on sc.cid=course.cid
    where sc.score<60;

     

     

    37、查询课程编号为 01 且课程成绩在 80 分以上的学生的学号和姓名

     

    select student.sid, student.sname
    from student ,sc
    where student.sid=sc.sid  and sc.cid=1 and sc.score>80
    order by cid ;

     

     

     

     

     

    38、求每门课程的学生人数

    select cid, count(*) as '该课程的选修人数'
    from sc
    group by cid;

     

     

     

    39、成绩不重复,查询选修「张三」老师所授课程的学生中,成绩最高的学生信息及其成绩

    40、成绩有重复的情况下,查询选修「张三」老师所授课程的学生中,成绩最高的学生信息及其成绩

    PS:这两道题,使用下面同样的代码都能运行出正确结果

    select student.*, a.score
    from sc a left join sc b on a.cid=b.cid and a.score<b.score   #对每门课程下的学生成绩排名
    
    join course on a.cid=course.cid   
    join teacher on course.tid=teacher.tid and tname='张三'  #这一行和上一行,是为了筛选张三老师教的课
    join student on a.sid=student.sid  # 获取学生信息
    
    group by a.cid, a.sid  
    having count( a.score< b.score)=0   #筛选名次rank=1, count(a.score<b.score)+1=1,两端减去1,简化为count(a.score<b.score)=0
    
    #上面这一行having 子句,这种格式也可以:having count( distinct b.score)=0 ,使用distinct
    ;

     

    41、查询不同课程成绩相同的学生的学生编号、课程编号、学生成绩

     

    select sc.cid , sc.sid, sc.score
    from sc join  (select cid, score from sc  group by cid, score having count(sid)>=2) a 
            on sc.cid=a.cid and sc.score=a.score
    order by cid ;

    select    sc.sid, sc.cid , sc.score
    from sc join  (select sid, score from sc  group by sid, score having count(cid)>=2) a 
            on sc.sid=a.sid and sc.score=a.score
    order by sid;

     

     

    42、查询每门功成绩最好的前两名

    思路:先对每门课程下的成绩排序,然后筛选排名<=2的

    select a.cid, a.sid, sname, a.score,  count(distinct b.score)+1 as 'rank'
    from ( sc a left join sc b on a.cid=b.cid and a.score<b.score) join student on a.sid=student.sid
    
    group by a.cid, a.sid
    having rank<=2
    order by cid
    ;

     

     

     

    43、统计每门课程的学生选修人数(超过 5 人的课程才统计)

    select sc.cid,cname,count(sid) as '选修人数'
    from sc join course on sc.cid=course.cid
    group by sc.cid
    having count(sid)>4;

     

     

     

    44、检索至少选修两门课程的学生学号

    select sid
    from sc
    group by sid
    having count(cid)>=2;

     

     

     

    45、查询选修了全部课程的学生信息

    select student.*
    from sc join student on sc.sid=student.sid
    group by sid 
    having count(*) in (
    
    select count(*)  from course);

     

     

    计算年龄,只按年份来算和按月日来算的区别

    46、查询各学生的年龄,只按年份来算

    select student.sid, student.sname,student.ssex, year(now())-year(student.sage)  as 'age'
    from student;

     

    47、按照出生日期来算,当前月日 < 出生年月的月日则,年龄减一

     

    select student.sid, student.sname,student.ssex, sage,
    
    timestampdiff(year,sage,now()) as '按月日计算',  # 出生月日< 当前日期的月日时,年龄会减一  ,该题目功能是通过这一句实现的,下一句只是为了对比说明两者之间的差别
    year(now())-year(sage) as '按年份计算'  
    from student; 

     

     

     

     

    48、查询本周过生日的学生

     

    select * 
    from student 
    where week(concat_ws('-',year(now()),date_format(sborn,'%m-%d')))=week(now());

    49、查询下周过生日的学生

    select * 
    from student 
    where week(concat_ws('-',year(now()),date_format(sborn,'%m-%d')))=week(now())+1;

    50、查询本月过生日的学生

    select *
    from student
    where month(student.sage)=month(now());

     

     

    51、查询下月过生日的学生

    select *
    from student
    where month(student.sage)=month(now())+1;

     

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/bravesunforever/p/11524881.html
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