Java面试题：用Java的套接字编程实现一个多线程的回显（echo）服务器。

[

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;

public class EchoServer {

    private static final int ECHO_SERVER_PORT = 6789;

    public static void main(String[] args) {        
        try(ServerSocket server = new ServerSocket(ECHO_SERVER_PORT)) {
            System.out.println("服务器已经启动...");
            while(true) {
                Socket client = server.accept();
                new Thread(new ClientHandler(client)).start();
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    private static class ClientHandler implements Runnable {
        private Socket client;

        public ClientHandler(Socket client) {
            this.client = client;
        }

        @Override
        public void run() {
            try(BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(client.getInputStream()));
                    PrintWriter pw = new PrintWriter(client.getOutputStream())) {
                String msg = br.readLine();
                System.out.println("收到" + client.getInetAddress() + "发送的: " + msg);
                pw.println(msg);
                pw.flush();
            } catch(Exception ex) {
                ex.printStackTrace();
            } finally {
                try {
                    client.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
    }

}

注意：上面的代码使用了Java 7的TWR语法，由于很多外部资源类都间接的实现了AutoCloseable接口（单方法回调接口），因此可以利用TWR语法在try结束的时候通过回调的方式自动调用外部资源类的close()方法，避免书写冗长的finally代码块。此外，上面的代码用一个静态内部类实现线程的功能，使用多线程可以避免一个用户I/O操作所产生的中断影响其他用户对服务器的访问，简单的说就是一个用户的输入操作不会造成其他用户的阻塞。当然，上面的代码使用线程池可以获得更好的性能，因为频繁的创建和销毁线程所造成的开销也是不可忽视的。
下面是一段回显客户端测试代码：

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.util.Scanner;

public class EchoClient {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        Socket client = new Socket("localhost", 6789);
        Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.print("请输入内容: ");
        String msg = sc.nextLine();
        sc.close();
        PrintWriter pw = new PrintWriter(client.getOutputStream());
        pw.println(msg);
        pw.flush();
        BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(client.getInputStream()));
        System.out.println(br.readLine());
        client.close();
    }
}

如果希望用NIO的多路复用套接字实现服务器，代码如下所示。NIO的操作虽然带来了更好的性能，但是有些操作是比较底层的，对于初学者来说还是有些难于理解。

import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.nio.CharBuffer;
import java.nio.channels.SelectionKey;
import java.nio.channels.Selector;
import java.nio.channels.ServerSocketChannel;
import java.nio.channels.SocketChannel;
import java.util.Iterator;

public class EchoServerNIO {

    private static final int ECHO_SERVER_PORT = 6789;
    private static final int ECHO_SERVER_TIMEOUT = 5000;
    private static final int BUFFER_SIZE = 1024;

    private static ServerSocketChannel serverChannel = null;
    private static Selector selector = null;    // 多路复用选择器
    private static ByteBuffer buffer = null;    // 缓冲区

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        init();
        listen();
    }

    private static void init() {
        try {
            serverChannel = ServerSocketChannel.open();
            buffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(BUFFER_SIZE);
            serverChannel.socket().bind(new InetSocketAddress(ECHO_SERVER_PORT));
            serverChannel.configureBlocking(false);
            selector = Selector.open();
            serverChannel.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_ACCEPT);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }
    }

    private static void listen() {
        while (true) {
            try {
                if (selector.select(ECHO_SERVER_TIMEOUT) != 0) {
                    Iterator<SelectionKey> it = selector.selectedKeys().iterator();
                    while (it.hasNext()) {
                        SelectionKey key = it.next();
                        it.remove();
                        handleKey(key);
                    }
                }
            } catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }

    private static void handleKey(SelectionKey key) throws IOException {
        SocketChannel channel = null;

        try {
            if (key.isAcceptable()) {
                ServerSocketChannel serverChannel = (ServerSocketChannel) key.channel();
                channel = serverChannel.accept();
                channel.configureBlocking(false);
                channel.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_READ);
            } else if (key.isReadable()) {
                channel = (SocketChannel) key.channel();
                buffer.clear();
                if (channel.read(buffer) > 0) {
                    buffer.flip();
                    CharBuffer charBuffer = CharsetHelper.decode(buffer);
                    String msg = charBuffer.toString();
                    System.out.println("收到" + channel.getRemoteAddress() + "的消息：" + msg);
                    channel.write(CharsetHelper.encode(CharBuffer.wrap(msg)));
                } else {
                    channel.close();
                }
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            if (channel != null) {
                channel.close();
            }
        }
    }

}

import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.nio.CharBuffer;
import java.nio.charset.CharacterCodingException;
import java.nio.charset.Charset;
import java.nio.charset.CharsetDecoder;
import java.nio.charset.CharsetEncoder;

public final class CharsetHelper {
    private static final String UTF_8 = "UTF-8";
    private static CharsetEncoder encoder = Charset.forName(UTF_8).newEncoder();
    private static CharsetDecoder decoder = Charset.forName(UTF_8).newDecoder();

    private CharsetHelper() {
    }

    public static ByteBuffer encode(CharBuffer in) throws CharacterCodingException{
        return encoder.encode(in);
    }

    public static CharBuffer decode(ByteBuffer in) throws CharacterCodingException{
        return decoder.decode(in);
    }
}

]

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