rest-framework之视图组件

写一个出版社的增删查改resful接口

# models.py模板层

from django.db import models


class Book(models.Model):
    nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
    name = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    price = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    publish_date = models.DateField()

    publish = models.ForeignKey(to='Publish',to_field='nid',on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    authors = models.ManyToManyField(to='Author')

    def __str__(self):
        return self.name


class Author(models.Model):
    nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
    name = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    age = models.IntegerField()
    author_detail = models.OneToOneField(to='AuthorDetail', to_field='nid', unique=True, on_delete=models.CASCADE)


class AuthorDetail(models.Model):
    nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
    telephone = models.BigIntegerField()
    birthday = models.DateField()
    addr = models.CharField(max_length=64)


class Publish(models.Model):
    nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
    name = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    city = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    email = models.EmailField()

    def __str__(self):
        return self.name

    def test(self):
        return self.email

#url 路由层

from django.conf.urls import url, include
from django.contrib import admin
from app01 import views
from rest_framework import routers

# 生成一个router对象
router = routers.DefaultRouter()
# 需要传两个参数,第一个参数就是匹配的路径,第二个参数,是视图类
router.register('publish', views.PublishView)
urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
    # url(r'^publish/',views.PublishView.as_view() ),
    # url(r'^publish/(?P<pk>d+)',views.PublishDetailView.as_view() ),

    # url(r'^publish/$', views.PublishView.as_view({'get': 'list', 'post': 'create'})),
    # url(r'^publish/(?P<pk>d+)', views.PublishView.as_view({'get': 'retrieve', 'put': 'update', 'delete': 'destroy'})),
    url(r'^test1/$', views.TestAll.as_view({'get': 'test'})),
    # url(r'^test2/$', views.TestAll.as_view({'get': 'test2'})),
    # url(r'^test3/$', views.TestAll.as_view({'get': 'test3'})),
    
    # 不会使用这种方法的
    url('', include(router.urls)),
]



路由控制
        三种:
            -一种基本路由:url(r'^publish/$', views.PublishView.as_view()),
            -半自动路径:views.PublishView.as_view({'get': 'list', 'post': 'create'}))
                -必须继承:ViewSetMixin
                -继承ViewSetMixin的先后顺序
            -全自动路由:(基本不用)
                -from rest_framework import routers
                # 生成一个router对象
                router=routers.DefaultRouter()
                # 需要传两个参数,第一个参数就是匹配的路径,第二个参数,是视图类
                router.register('publish',views.PublishView)
                
                
                url('', include(router.urls)),
                #自动生成四个路由(PublishView必须继承ModelViewSet)

#MySer 序列化组件

from rest_framework import serializers
from app01 import models


class AuthorSerializers(serializers.Serializer):
    nid = serializers.CharField()
    name = serializers.CharField()
    age = serializers.CharField()


class PublishSerializers(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = models.Publish
        fields = '__all__'

基本视图

最原始的

from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from app01 import models
from app01.MySer import AuthorSerializers, PublishSerializers
from django.http import JsonResponse

class PublishView(APIView):

    def get(self, request):
        publish_list = Publish.objects.all()
        bs = PublishSerializers(publish_list, many=True)

        return JsonResponse(bs.data,safe=False)

    def post(self, request):
        # 添加一条数据
        print(request.data)

        bs = PublishSerializers(data=request.data)
        if bs.is_valid():
            bs.save()  # 生成记录
            return JsonResponse(bs.data,safe=False)
        else:

            return JsonResponse(bs.errors,safe=False)


class PublishDetailView(APIView):
    def get(self, request, pk):
        publish_obj = Publish.objects.filter(pk=pk).first()
        bs = PublishSerializers(publish_obj, many=False)
        return JsonResponse(bs.data,safe=False)

    def put(self, request, pk):
        publish_obj = Publish.objects.filter(pk=pk).first()

        bs = PublishSerializers(data=request.data, instance=publish_obj)
        if bs.is_valid():
            bs.save()  # update
            return JsonResponse(bs.data)
        else:
            return JsonResponse(bs.errors)

    def delete(self, request, pk):
        Publish.objects.filter(pk=pk).delete()

        return JsonResponse("")

1

第一种方案

class List:
    def list(self,request):
        queryset = self.queryset
        bs = self.serializers(queryset, many=True)
        return JsonResponse(bs.data,safe=False)

class Create:
    def create(self,request):
        print(request.data)

        bs = PublishSerializers(data=request.data)
        if bs.is_valid():
            bs.save()  # 生成记录
            return JsonResponse(bs.data,safe=False)
        else:

            return JsonResponse(bs.errors,safe=False)
class PublishView(APIView,List,Create):
    queryset=Publish.objects.all()
    serializers=PublishSerializers
    def get(self, request):
        return self.list(request)

    def post(self, request):
        # 添加一条数据
        return self.create(request)

class BookView(APIView,List,Create):
    queryset=Book.objects.all()
    serializers=BookSerializer
    def get(self, request):
        return self.list(request)

    def post(self, request):
        return self.create(request)

第二种：ListCreateAPIView 继承了GenericAPIView, ListModelMixin, CreateModelMixin

2

 

第三种：路由:url(r'^publish/$', views.PublishView.as_view({'get': 'list', 'post': 'create'})),
url(r'^publish/(?P<pk>d+)', views.PublishView.as_view({'get': 'retrieve', 'put': 'update','delete':'destroy'})),

3.

from rest_framework.generics import ListCreateAPIView, ListAPIView, RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView


from rest_framework.mixins import ListModelMixin, CreateModelMixin, RetrieveModelMixin, UpdateModelMixin, 
    DestroyModelMixin
from rest_framework.generics import GenericAPIView

class PublishView(GenericAPIView, ListModelMixin, CreateModelMixin):
class PublishView(ListCreateAPIView):
    queryset = Publish.objects.all()
    serializer_class = PublishSerializers


class PublishDetailView(RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView):
    queryset = Publish.objects.all()
    serializer_class = PublishSerializers

from rest_framework.views import  APIView
from rest_framework.viewsets import ModelViewSet
from rest_framework.renderers import JSONRenderer,BrowsableAPIRenderer
class PublishView(ModelViewSet):
    # renderer_classes=[JSONRenderer,BrowsableAPIRenderer]
    queryset = Publish.objects.all()
    serializer_class = PublishSerializers

终极版本：

建议用魔法类ViewSetMixin

最终应该使用的方案:ViewSetMixin 它有什么作用?用了它之后,视图类中不需要写get,post,put方法了,自己定义方法就可以了
让请求方法对应到自己定义的方法上,然后再配置路由

快速写出5个接口:
-继承它ModelViewSet

-写一个视图类,视图类中定义两个变量

from rest_framework.viewsets import ModelViewSet

class BookView(ModelViewSet):
queryset = Book.objects.all()
serializer_class = BookSerializer
-路由:(要写两条路由)
url(r'^publish', views.PublishView.as_view({'get': 'list', 'post': 'create'})),
url(r'^publish/(?P<pk>d+)', views.PublishView.as_view({'get': 'retrieve', 'put': 'update','delete':'destroy'})),

# from day100 import settings
# settings 就是项目的配置文件
from django.conf import settings

-第一种:最原始的那种
-第二种:继承ViewSetMixin,它放在前面(好处,跟某个功能相关的,可以写在第一起)
-可以自己封装一个View,继承ViewSetMixin,和APIView

from rest_framework.response import Response
# 建议用魔法类ViewSetMixin

rom rest_framework.viewsets import  ViewSetMixin
# 注意先后顺序,ViewSetMixin写在前面
class TestAll(ViewSetMixin,APIView):
    def test(self,request):
        print(settings.DEBUG)

        return HttpResponse('test')

    def test2(self, request):
        return HttpResponse('test2')

    def test3(self, request):
        return HttpResponse('test3')

配置文件查找顺序
先从视图类中查找--->项目配置文件(settings)----->drf默认的setting中取