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  • webbench工具使用和源码分析

    Webbench是有名的网站压力测试工具,它是由Lionbridge公司(http://www.lionbridge.com)开发.它的帮助文件和文档请到:www.webbench.com上查看.

    Webbech能测试处在相同硬件上,不同服务的性能以及不同硬件上同一个服务的运行状况.webBech的标准测试可以向我们展示服务器的两项 内容:每秒钟相应请求数和每秒钟传输数据量.webbench不但能具有便准静态页面的测试能力,还能对动态页面(ASP,PHP,JAVA,CGI)进 行测试的能力.还有就是他支持对含有SSL的安全网站例如电子商务网站进行静态或动态的性能测试.

    下载：

        官方网站:http://home.tiscali.cz/~cz210552/webbench.html

    安装：

        tar zxvf webbench-1.5.tar.gz

        cd webbench-1.5

        make;make install


    使用：

        webbench -c 200 -t 20 http://www.doglover.net/

        其中-c 200 代表200个并发用户进行访问-t 20  即20S，访问的url为http://www.doglover.net/；运行20S之后可以看到如下的结果：


        可以根据打印中的信息来判断网站的抗压情况。另外使用 webbench -help  可以获得更多的使用信息。

    源码分析：
        整个webbench工程一共有两个C文件：socket.c和webbench.c。具体的分析如下：
    socket.c
    1. /* $Id: socket.c 1.1 1995/01/01 07:11:14 cthuang Exp $
    2.  *
    3.  * This module has been modified by Radim Kolar for OS/2 emx
    4.  */
    6. /***********************************************************************
    7.   module:       socket.c
    8.   program:      popclient
    9.   SCCS ID:      @(#)socket.c    1.5  4/1/94
    10.   programmer:   Virginia Tech Computing Center
    11.   compiler:     DEC RISC C compiler (Ultrix 4.1)
    12.   environment:  DEC Ultrix 4.3 
    13.   description:  UNIX sockets code.
    14.  ***********************************************************************/
    15.  
    16. #include <sys/types.h>
    17. #include <sys/socket.h>
    18. #include <fcntl.h>
    19. #include <netinet/in.h>
    20. #include <arpa/inet.h>
    21. #include <netdb.h>
    22. #include <sys/time.h>
    23. #include <string.h>
    24. #include <unistd.h>
    25. #include <stdio.h>
    26. #include <stdlib.h>
    27. #include <stdarg.h>
    29. int Socket(const char *host, int clientPort)
    30. {
    31.     int sock;
    32.     unsigned long inaddr;
    33.     struct sockaddr_in ad;
    34.     struct hostent *hp;
    35.     //获取host
    36.     memset(&ad, 0, sizeof(ad));
    37.     ad.sin_family = AF_INET;
    39.     inaddr = inet_addr(host);
    40.     if (inaddr != INADDR_NONE)
    41.         memcpy(&ad.sin_addr, &inaddr, sizeof(inaddr));
    42.     else
    43.     {
    44.         hp = gethostbyname(host);
    45.         if (hp == NULL)
    46.             return -1;
    47.         memcpy(&ad.sin_addr, hp->h_addr, hp->h_length);
    48.     }
    49.     ad.sin_port = htons(clientPort);
    50.     //socket建立
    51.     sock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
    52.     if (sock < 0)
    53.         return sock;
    54. 	//连接
    55.     if (connect(sock, (struct sockaddr *)&ad, sizeof(ad)) < 0)
    56.         return -1;
    57.     return sock;
    58. }

    webbench.c
    1. /*
    2.  * (C) Radim Kolar 1997-2004
    3.  * This is free software, see GNU Public License version 2 for
    4.  * details.
    5.  *
    6.  * Simple forking WWW Server benchmark:
    7.  *
    8.  * Usage:
    9.  *   webbench --help
    10.  *
    11.  * Return codes:
    12.  *    0 - sucess
    13.  *    1 - benchmark failed (server is not on-line)
    14.  *    2 - bad param
    15.  *    3 - internal error, fork failed
    16.  * 
    17.  */ 
    18. #include "socket.c"
    19. //这里只有本文件用到了socket.c文件，所以可以这样包含进来
    20. #include <unistd.h>
    21. #include <sys/param.h>
    22. #include <rpc/types.h>
    23. #include <getopt.h>
    24. #include <strings.h>
    25. #include <time.h>
    26. #include <signal.h>
    28. /* values */
    29. volatile int timerexpired=0;
    30. int speed=0;
    31. int failed=0;
    32. int bytes=0;
    33. /* globals */
    34. int http10=1; /* 0 - http/0.9, 1 - http/1.0, 2 - http/1.1 */
    35. /* Allow: GET, HEAD, OPTIONS, TRACE */
    36. #define METHOD_GET 0
    37. #define METHOD_HEAD 1
    38. #define METHOD_OPTIONS 2
    39. #define METHOD_TRACE 3
    40. #define PROGRAM_VERSION "1.5"
    41. int method=METHOD_GET;
    42. int clients=1;
    43. int force=0;
    44. int force_reload=0;
    45. int proxyport=80;
    46. char *proxyhost=NULL;
    47. int benchtime=30;
    48. /* internal */
    49. int mypipe[2];
    50. char host[MAXHOSTNAMELEN];
    51. #define REQUEST_SIZE 2048
    52. char request[REQUEST_SIZE];
    54. static const struct option long_options[]=
    55. {
    56.  {"force",no_argument,&force,1},
    57.  {"reload",no_argument,&force_reload,1},
    58.  {"time",required_argument,NULL,'t'},
    59.  {"help",no_argument,NULL,'?'},
    60.  {"http09",no_argument,NULL,'9'},
    61.  {"http10",no_argument,NULL,'1'},
    62.  {"http11",no_argument,NULL,'2'},
    63.  {"get",no_argument,&method,METHOD_GET},
    64.  {"head",no_argument,&method,METHOD_HEAD},
    65.  {"options",no_argument,&method,METHOD_OPTIONS},
    66.  {"trace",no_argument,&method,METHOD_TRACE},
    67.  {"version",no_argument,NULL,'V'},
    68.  {"proxy",required_argument,NULL,'p'},
    69.  {"clients",required_argument,NULL,'c'},
    70.  {NULL,0,NULL,0}
    71. };
    73. /* prototypes */
    74. static void benchcore(const char* host,const int port, const char *request);
    75. static int bench(void);
    76. static void build_request(const char *url);
    78. static void alarm_handler(int signal)
    79. {
    80.    timerexpired=1;
    81. }	
    83. static void usage(void)
    84. {//标准错误输出打印下面的字符串，在"" ""中代表一个连续的字符串
    85.    fprintf(stderr,
    86. 	"webbench [option]... URL
"
    87. 	"  -f|--force               Don't wait for reply from server.
"
    88. 	"  -r|--reload              Send reload request - Pragma: no-cache.
"
    89. 	"  -t|--time <sec>          Run benchmark for <sec> seconds. Default 30.
"
    90. 	"  -p|--proxy <server:port> Use proxy server for request.
"
    91. 	"  -c|--clients <n>         Run <n> HTTP clients at once. Default one.
"
    92. 	"  -9|--http09              Use HTTP/0.9 style requests.
"
    93. 	"  -1|--http10              Use HTTP/1.0 protocol.
"
    94. 	"  -2|--http11              Use HTTP/1.1 protocol.
"
    95. 	"  --get                    Use GET request method.
"
    96. 	"  --head                   Use HEAD request method.
"
    97. 	"  --options                Use OPTIONS request method.
"
    98. 	"  --trace                  Use TRACE request method.
"
    99. 	"  -?|-h|--help             This information.
"
    100. 	"  -V|--version             Display program version.
"
    101. 	);
    102. };
    103. int main(int argc, char *argv[])
    104. {
    105.  int opt=0;
    106.  int options_index=0;
    107.  char *tmp=NULL;
    108.  //检查参数，参数不对进行用法展示
    109.  if(argc==1)
    110.  {
    111. 	  usage();
    112.       return 2;
    113.  } 
    114. //获取传入的命令行参数，根据long_options设置进行返回。optarg和optind为外部变量
    115.  while((opt=getopt_long(argc,argv,"912Vfrt:p:c:?h",long_options,&options_index))!=EOF )
    116.  {//根据解析出的参数进行赋值到变量中进行后续的使用
    117.   switch(opt)
    118.   {
    119.    case  0 : break;
    120.    case 'f': force=1;break;
    121.    case 'r': force_reload=1;break; 
    122.    case '9': http10=0;break;
    123.    case '1': http10=1;break;
    124.    case '2': http10=2;break;
    125.    case 'V': printf(PROGRAM_VERSION"
");exit(0);
    126.    case 't': benchtime=atoi(optarg);break;	     
    127.    case 'p': 
    128. 	     /* proxy server parsing server:port */
    129. 	     tmp=strrchr(optarg,':');
    130. 	     proxyhost=optarg;
    131. 	     if(tmp==NULL)
    132. 	     {
    133. 		     break;
    134. 	     }
    135. 	     if(tmp==optarg)
    136. 	     {
    137. 		     fprintf(stderr,"Error in option --proxy %s: Missing hostname.
",optarg);
    138. 		     return 2;
    139. 	     }
    140. 	     if(tmp==optarg+strlen(optarg)-1)
    141. 	     {
    142. 		     fprintf(stderr,"Error in option --proxy %s Port number is missing.
",optarg);
    143. 		     return 2;
    144. 	     }
    145. 	     *tmp='';
    146. 	     proxyport=atoi(tmp+1);break;
    147.    case ':':
    148.    case 'h':
    149.    case '?': usage();return 2;break;
    150.    case 'c': clients=atoi(optarg);break;
    151.   }
    152.  }
    153.  //检查参数个数
    154.  if(optind==argc) 
    155.  {
    156. 		fprintf(stderr,"webbench: Missing URL!
");
    157. 		usage();
    158. 		return 2;
    159.  }
    160. //检查客户并发数和测试时间，并对违法的设置给出默认的值
    161.  if(clients==0) clients=1;
    162.  if(benchtime==0) benchtime=60;
    163.  /* Copyright */
    164.  fprintf(stderr,"Webbench - Simple Web Benchmark "PROGRAM_VERSION"
"
    165. 	 "Copyright (c) Radim Kolar 1997-2004, GPL Open Source Software.
"
    166. 	 );
    167.  //建立requst命令
    168.  build_request(argv[optind]);
    169.  /* print bench info */
    170.  printf("
Benchmarking: ");
    171.  switch(method)
    172.  {
    173. 	 case METHOD_GET:
    174. 	 default:
    175. 		 printf("GET");break;
    176. 	 case METHOD_OPTIONS:
    177. 		 printf("OPTIONS");break;
    178. 	 case METHOD_HEAD:
    179. 		 printf("HEAD");break;
    180. 	 case METHOD_TRACE:
    181. 		 printf("TRACE");break;
    182.  }
    183.  printf(" %s",argv[optind]);
    184.  switch(http10)
    185.  {
    186. 	 case 0: printf(" (using HTTP/0.9)");break;
    187. 	 case 2: printf(" (using HTTP/1.1)");break;
    188.  }
    189.  printf("
");
    190.  if(clients==1) printf("1 client");
    191.  else
    192.    printf("%d clients",clients);
    194.  printf(", running %d sec", benchtime);
    195.  if(force) printf(", early socket close");
    196.  if(proxyhost!=NULL) printf(", via proxy server %s:%d",proxyhost,proxyport);
    197.  if(force_reload) printf(", forcing reload");
    198.  printf(".
");
    199.  //以上区间为打印的提示信息，下面的主处理
    200.  return bench();
    201. }
    203. void build_request(const char *url)
    204. {
    205.   char tmp[10];
    206.   int i;
    207. //清零
    208.   bzero(host,MAXHOSTNAMELEN);
    209.   bzero(request,REQUEST_SIZE);
    210. //设置版本http
    211.   if(force_reload && proxyhost!=NULL && http10<1) http10=1;
    212.   if(method==METHOD_HEAD && http10<1) http10=1;
    213.   if(method==METHOD_OPTIONS && http10<2) http10=2;
    214.   if(method==METHOD_TRACE && http10<2) http10=2;
    215. //测试方式
    216.   switch(method)
    217.   {
    218. 	  default:
    219. 	  case METHOD_GET: strcpy(request,"GET");break;
    220. 	  case METHOD_HEAD: strcpy(request,"HEAD");break;
    221. 	  case METHOD_OPTIONS: strcpy(request,"OPTIONS");break;
    222. 	  case METHOD_TRACE: strcpy(request,"TRACE");break;
    223.   }
    224. //拼接requset命令
    225.   strcat(request," ");
    227.   if(NULL==strstr(url,"://"))
    228.   {
    229. 	  fprintf(stderr, "
%s: is not a valid URL.
",url);
    230. 	  exit(2);
    231.   }
    232.   if(strlen(url)>1500)
    233.   {
    234.          fprintf(stderr,"URL is too long.
");
    235. 	 exit(2);
    236.   }
    237.   if(proxyhost==NULL)
    238. 	   if (0!=strncasecmp("http://",url,7)) 
    239. 	   {
    240. 	   		fprintf(stderr,"
Only HTTP protocol is directly supported, set --proxy for others.
");
    241.             exit(2);
    242.        }
    243.   /* protocol/host delimiter */
    244.   i=strstr(url,"://")-url+3;
    245.   /* printf("%d
",i); */
    247.   if(strchr(url+i,'/')==NULL)
    248.   {
    249.     fprintf(stderr,"
Invalid URL syntax - hostname don't ends with '/'.
");
    250.     exit(2);
    251.   }
    252.   if(proxyhost==NULL)
    253.   {
    254.    /* get port from hostname */
    255.    if(index(url+i,':')!=NULL && index(url+i,':')<index(url+i,'/'))
    256.    {
    257. 	   strncpy(host,url+i,strchr(url+i,':')-url-i);
    258. 	   bzero(tmp,10);
    259. 	   strncpy(tmp,index(url+i,':')+1,strchr(url+i,'/')-index(url+i,':')-1);
    260. 	   /* printf("tmp=%s
",tmp); */
    261. 	   proxyport=atoi(tmp);
    262. 	   if(proxyport==0) proxyport=80;
    263.    } 
    264.    else
    265.    {
    266.      strncpy(host,url+i,strcspn(url+i,"/"));
    267.    }
    268.    // printf("Host=%s
",host);
    269.    strcat(request+strlen(request),url+i+strcspn(url+i,"/"));
    270.   } 
    271.   else
    272.   {
    273.    // printf("ProxyHost=%s
ProxyPort=%d
",proxyhost,proxyport);
    274.    strcat(request,url);
    275.   }
    276.   if(http10==1)
    277. 	  strcat(request," HTTP/1.0");
    278.   else if (http10==2)
    279. 	  strcat(request," HTTP/1.1");
    280.   strcat(request,"
");
    281.   if(http10>0)
    282. 	  strcat(request,"User-Agent: WebBench "PROGRAM_VERSION"
");
    283.   if(proxyhost==NULL && http10>0)
    284.   {
    285. 	  strcat(request,"Host: ");
    286. 	  strcat(request,host);
    287. 	  strcat(request,"
");
    288.   }
    289.   if(force_reload && proxyhost!=NULL)
    290.   {
    291. 	  strcat(request,"Pragma: no-cache
");
    292.   }
    293.   if(http10>1)
    294. 	  strcat(request,"Connection: close
");
    295.   /* add empty line at end */
    296.   if(http10>0) strcat(request,"
"); 
    297.   // printf("Req=%s
",request);
    298. }
    300. /* vraci system rc error kod */
    301. static int bench(void)
    302. {
    303.   int i,j,k;	
    304.   pid_t pid=0;
    305.   FILE *f;
    307.   /* check avaibility of target server */
    308.   i=Socket(proxyhost==NULL?host:proxyhost,proxyport);
    309.   if(i<0)
    310.   { 
    311. 	   fprintf(stderr,"
Connect to server failed. Aborting benchmark.
");
    312. 	   return 1;
    313.   }
    314.   close(i);
    315.   /* create pipe */
    316.   if(pipe(mypipe))
    317.   {
    318. 	  perror("pipe failed.");
    319. 	  return 3;
    320.   }
    322.   /* not needed, since we have alarm() in childrens */
    323.   /* wait 4 next system clock tick */
    324.   /*
    325.   cas=time(NULL);
    326.   while(time(NULL)==cas)
    327.         sched_yield();
    328.   */
    330.   /* fork childs */
    331.   for(i=0;i<clients;i++)
    332.   {
    333. 	   pid=fork();
    334. 	   if(pid <= (pid_t) 0)
    335. 	   {
    336. 		   /* child process or error*/
    337. 	           sleep(1); /* make childs faster */
    338. 		   break;
    339. 	   }
    340.   }
    342.   if( pid< (pid_t) 0)
    343.   {
    344.           fprintf(stderr,"problems forking worker no. %d
",i);
    345. 	  perror("fork failed.");
    346. 	  return 3;
    347.   }
    349.   if(pid== (pid_t) 0)
    350.   {
    351.     /* I am a child */
    352. 	//子进程进行
    353.     if(proxyhost==NULL)
    354.       benchcore(host,proxyport,request);
    355.          else
    356.       benchcore(proxyhost,proxyport,request);
    358.          /* write results to pipe */
    359. 		 //将得到的信息进行打印到管道里面
    360. 	 f=fdopen(mypipe[1],"w");
    361. 	 if(f==NULL)
    362. 	 {
    363. 		 perror("open pipe for writing failed.");
    364. 		 return 3;
    365. 	 }
    366. 	 /* fprintf(stderr,"Child - %d %d
",speed,failed); */
    367. 	 fprintf(f,"%d %d %d
",speed,failed,bytes);
    368. 	 fclose(f);
    369. 	 return 0;
    370.   } else
    371.   {
    372.   	//父进程进行统计信息
    373. 	  f=fdopen(mypipe[0],"r");
    374. 	  if(f==NULL) 
    375. 	  {
    376. 		  perror("open pipe for reading failed.");
    377. 		  return 3;
    378. 	  }
    379. 	  setvbuf(f,NULL,_IONBF,0);
    380. 	  speed=0;
    381.           failed=0;
    382.           bytes=0;
    384. 	  while(1)
    385. 	  {//读取管道中的值
    386. 		  pid=fscanf(f,"%d %d %d",&i,&j,&k);
    387. 		  if(pid<2)
    388.           {
    389.                fprintf(stderr,"Some of our childrens died.
");
    390.                break;
    391.           }
    392. 		  speed+=i;
    393. 		  failed+=j;
    394. 		  bytes+=k;
    395. 		  /* fprintf(stderr,"*Knock* %d %d read=%d
",speed,failed,pid); */
    396. 		  if(--clients==0) break;
    397. 	  }
    398. 	  fclose(f);
    399. //输出统计出的信息
    400.   printf("
Speed=%d pages/min, %d bytes/sec.
Requests: %d susceed, %d failed.
",
    401. 		  (int)((speed+failed)/(benchtime/60.0f)),
    402. 		  (int)(bytes/(float)benchtime),
    403. 		  speed,
    404. 		  failed);
    405.   }
    406.   return i;
    407. }
    409. void benchcore(const char *host,const int port,const char *req)
    410. {
    411.  int rlen;
    412.  char buf[1500];
    413.  int s,i;
    414.  struct sigaction sa;
    415. //设置定时器信号
    416.  /* setup alarm signal handler */
    417.  sa.sa_handler=alarm_handler;
    418.  sa.sa_flags=0;
    419.  if(sigaction(SIGALRM,&sa,NULL))
    420.     exit(3);
    421.  alarm(benchtime);
    422. //在时间段内进行循环的访问request命令和接收回复并进行统计
    423.  rlen=strlen(req);
    424.  nexttry:while(1)
    425.  {
    426.     if(timerexpired)
    427.     {
    428.        if(failed>0)
    429.        {
    430.           /* fprintf(stderr,"Correcting failed by signal
"); */
    431.           failed--;
    432.        }
    433.        return;
    434.     }
    435.     s=Socket(host,port);                          
    436.     if(s<0) { failed++;continue;} 
    437.     if(rlen!=write(s,req,rlen)) {failed++;close(s);continue;}
    438.     if(http10==0) 
    439. 	    if(shutdown(s,1)) { failed++;close(s);continue;}
    440.     if(force==0) 
    441.     {
    442.             /* read all available data from socket */
    443. 	    while(1)
    444. 	    {
    445.               if(timerexpired) break; 
    446. 	      i=read(s,buf,1500);
    447.               /* fprintf(stderr,"%d
",i); */
    448. 	      if(i<0) 
    449.           { 
    450.              failed++;
    451.              close(s);
    452.              goto nexttry;
    453.           }
    454. 	       else
    455. 		       if(i==0) break;
    456. 		       else
    457. 			       bytes+=i;
    458. 	    }
    459.     }
    460.     if(close(s)) {failed++;continue;}
    461.     speed++;
    462.  }
    463. }

    一个比较见到处理流程示意图，其中忽略了错误处理，只体现了大致的处理过程。
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  • 原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/cfzhang/p/705e45f34ccda8fc10e6e2003797c374.html
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